Paradiplomacy and social cohesion: The case of the participation of the Greek municipalities in European city networks


Published: Dec 12, 2020
Keywords:
European city networks city diplomacy soft governance administrative reforms
Antonios Karvounis
Abstract
The recognition of the international role of the paradiplomatic initiatives of local authorities, in combination with the limited academic attention of paradiplomacy for city networking, set the framework of the present article. Its main theme is focused on the participation of the Greek municipalities in European social city networks during the programming period 2007-2013. The general research finding of the article is that the participation of Greek municipalities in European social city networks entails changes at the levels of structures, policies and procedures, but the above results are filtered by the endogenous framework of mentalities, bureaucratic procedures and organisational deficits of local government.
Article Details
  • Section
  • Articles
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Aguirre I., (1999), "Making Sense of Paradiplomacy: An Intertextual Enquiry About a Concept in Search of a Definition", Regional and Federal Studies, vol. 9, no. 1, Spring, pp. 185-209.
Aldecoa F. and Keating M., (1999), "Introduction", in Aldecoa A. and Keating M. (eds) Paradiplomacy in Action. The Foreign Relations of Subnational Governments, London: Frank Cass Publishers.
Atkinson R. and Rossignolo C., (2010), "Cities and the ‘soft side’ of Europeanization: The role of urban networks", in Α. Hamedinger and Α. Wolffhardt (eds), The Europeanization of Cities, Urban Change and Urban Networks, (pp.197-225), Amsterdam: Techne Press.
Barber S., (1997), "International, local and regional government alliances", Public Money & Management, 17(4), pp.19-23.
Barreiro F., (2015), NeT-TOPIC. Final Publication, Learnings, conclusions and guidelines for carrying out urban planning processes in peripheral cities of metropolitan areas, Salford: URBACT II.
Borras- Alomar S., Christiansen T. and Rodriguez- Poze A., (1994), "Towards a 'Europe of the Regions': Visions and Reality from a Critical perspective", Regional Politics and Policy, vol. 4, no. 2, pp.27-59.
Bouteligier S., (2011), "Global Cities and Networks for Global Environmental Governance", PhD., Leuven: KU Leuven.
Burmester H., (1978), “The Australian States and Participation in the Foreign Policy Process,” Federal Law Review, vol. 9, pp. 257-289.
Bush K., (2003), Building Capacity for Peace and Unity. The Role of Local Governments in Peacebuilding, Ottawa: Federation of Canadian Municipalities.
Camagni R. and Salone C., (1993), "Network Urban Structures in Northern Italy: Elements for a Theoretical Framework", Urban Studies, 30(6), pp.1053-1064.
Committee of Regions (2009α), "City Diplomacy", Opinion, 78th Plenary Session, 12-13 February, Brussels: CoR.
Congress of Local and Regional Authorities (2008b), "City Diplomacy", Resolution, 251, Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
Congress of Local and Regional Authorities (2008a), "City Diplomacy", Recommendation, 234, Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
Cornago N., (1999), "Diplomacy and Paradiplomacy in the Redefinition of International Security: Dimensions of Conflict and Co-operation", M. Keating (ed.) Paradiplomacy in Action, (pp. 40-58), London: Frank Cass.
Council of Europe (2008), White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue. Living Together As Equals in Dignity, 118th Session of the Committee of Ministers, Strasbourg: CoE.
Dematteis G., (1994), "Global networks, local cities", Flux, vol. 15, pp.17-23.
Dematteis G. and Guarrasi V. (eds) (1995), Urban networks, Bologna: Patron.
Dossani R. and Amiri S., (2019), "City Diplomacy Has Been on the Rise. Policies Are Finally Catching Up", Rand Corporation Official Home Page, 22 November.
Duchacek I.D., (1990), "Performed Sovereignties: Towards a Typology of New Actors in International Relations’, in H.J. Michelman and P. Soldatos (ed.) Federalism and International Relations. The Role of Subnational Units, (pp.1-34), Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Duchacek I., (1984), "The International Dimension of Subnational Self- Government", Publius, vol. 14, No. 4, Autumn, pp. 5-31.
Fry E., (1989), "The New International Cities Era: the Global Linkages of North Amer ican Cities With Emphasis on Los Angeles and San Francisco", in Fry E., Radebaugh L. and Soldatos P. (eds) The New International Cities Era, (pp. 5-36), Provo: Brigham Young University Press.
Hocking B., (1999), "Patrolling the ‘Frontier’: Globalization, Localization and the ‘Actorness’ of Non- Central Governments", Regional and Federal Studies, vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 17-39.
Hocking B., (1993), Localising Foreign Policy. Non-Central Governments and Multilayered Diplomacy, New York: St.Martin’s Press.
Hooghe L. & Marks G., (1996), "Europe with the regions: channels of regional representation in the European Union", Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 26(1), pp.73-91.
John P., (1994), "The presence and influence of United Kingdom local authorities in Brussels", in P. Dunleavy & J. Stanyer (eds) Contemporary Political Studies, (pp.906-921), vol. 2, Belfast: Political Studies Association.
Karvounis A., (2020), "When the Cities conduct foreign affairs: The Institutionalization of City Diplomacy in USA", Foreign Affairs (Greek Edition), issue 62, February-March 2020, pp.55-65.
Karvounis Α., (2017b), CITY DIPLOMACY ΙΙ. The International City Networks of the Greek Municipalities, 2006-2016, Athens: Hellenic Republic Ministry of Interior.
Κarvounis Α., (2017a), Europe for Citizens, 2007-2013. The Greek Participation, Athens: Hellenic Republic Ministry of Interior
Keating M., (1999b), "Regions and International Affairs: Motives, Opportunities and Strategies", Regional and Federal Studies, vol. 9, no. 1, Spring, pp. 1-16.
Keating M., (1999a), The New Regionalism in Western Europe. Territorial Restructuring and Political Change, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Keohane R. and Nye J., (1973), Transnational Relations and World Politics, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Kincaid J., (1990), "Constituent Diplomacy in Federal Polities and the Nation- State: Conflict and Co- Operation", in Michelmann H. and Soldatos P. (eds) Federalism and International Relations: The Role of Subnational Units, pp. 54-75, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kuznetsov A.S., (2014), Theory and Practice of Paradiplomacy. Subnational governments in international affairs, New York: Routledge.
Labaeye A. and Sauer T., (2013), "City Networks and the Socio-Ecological Transition. A European Inventory", Work Package 501. MS89 Research Paper on Meta Study Completed, Task 501.1’. Working Paper no 27, (wwwforEurope).
La Porte T., (2011), City Diplomacy in the EU: A Framework of Analysis, Pamplona: Universidad de Navarra.
Lecours A., (2002), "Paradiplomacy: Reflections on the Foreign Policy and International Relations of Regions", International Negotiation, 7,pp. 91-114.
Levy T., (1975), "The International Economic Interests and Activities of the Atlantic Provinces", American Review of Canadian Studies, vol. 5 no. 1, pp. 98-113.
Michelmann H., (1989), "Calgary: a Nascent International City", in Fry E., Radebaugh L. and Soldatos P. (eds) The New International Cities Era, pp. 161–184, Provo: Brigham Young University Press.
Municipality of Egaleo (2015), The Business Plan of the Municipality of Egaleo 2012-2014, Egaleo.
Municipality of Heraklion (2013), The Updated Business Plan of the Municipality of Heraklion 2011-2014, Hraklion.
Municipality of Igoumenitsa (2015), The Business Plan of the Municipality of Igoumenitsa 2015-2019, Igoumenitsa.
Municipality of Nea Ionia (2009), URBAMECO Network-Local Action Plan (LAP). The Business Plan: Integrated Intervention in Derelict Neighborhoods.
Municipality of Oreokastro (2015), The Business Plan of the Municipality of Oreokastro 2015-2019, Oreokastro.
Municipality of Patreon (2013), Fighting Social Exclusion: Actions in Municipality of Patreon, 24th Session of the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities, Strasbourg, 20 March.
Municipality of Xanthi (2014), The Strategic Plan of the Municipality of Xanthi 2015-2019, Xanthi.
Paquin S. and Lachapelle G., (2005), "Why do Sub-states and Regions Practice International Relations?", in G. Lachapelle and S. Paquin (eds) Mastering Globalisation. New Sub-state’s Governance and Strategies, (pp. 77-89), London and New York: Routledge.
Payre R., (2010), "The importance of being connected. City networks and urban government: Lyon and Eurocities (1990-2005)", International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 34(2), pp.260-280.
Perulli P., Rugge F., Florio R., (2002), "Reti di citta: una forma emergente di governance europea", Foedus: Culture, Economie e Territori, no. 4, pp. 53-70.
Rundera J., (2005), Japan’s Subnational Governments in International Affairs, Oxon, New York: Routledge.
Sample S. and Trani E., (1980), "The Foreign Policy of Nebraska", The Washington Quarterly, vol. 3 no. 3, , pp. 60-71.
Sanala M., (2014), "The Phenomenon of Paradiplomacy in the Czech Republic: Representative Difficulties in the Concept of Paradiplomacy in the Subnational Unit of the Znojmo Region", IGUJSS, 1 (1), pp.159-72.
Sassen S., (2002), Global Networks, Linked Cities, New York: Routledge.
Sassen S., (1991), The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Sizoo A., (2007), "City Diplomacy", Concept Paper, Hague: VNG.
Soldatos P. and Michelmann H., (1992), "Subnational Units’ Paradiplomacy in the Context of European integration", Journal of European Integration, vol. 15, no. 2-3 Winter, pp. 129-134.
Soldatos P., (1990), "An Explanatory Framework for the Study of Federated States as Foreignpolicy Actors", in H. Michelmann, P. Soldatos (eds) Federalism and International Relations.
The Role of Subnational Units, (pp. 34-53), Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Stern J., (1994), "Moscow Meltdown: Can Russia Survive?", International Security, vol. 18, no. 4, Spring, pp. 40-65.
Swanson R., “The Range of Direct Relations Between States and Provinces", International Perspectives, March-April 1976, pp. 18-23.
Trullén J. and Boix R, (2003), "Barcelona. Metropolis policentrica en red", Working Paper wpdea0303, Department of Applied Economics at Universitat Autonoma of Barcelona.
Van der Pluijm R. and Melissen J., (2007), City Diplomacy: The Expanding Role of Cities in International Politics, Clingendael: Netherlands Institute of International Relations.
VNG (2008), The Hague Agenda on City Diplomacy, Hague: Association of Netherlands Municipalities.
Zhimin C., (2005), "Coastal Provinces and China’s Foreign Policy Making", in Hao Y. and Su L., (eds) China’s Foreign Policy Making: Societal Force and Chinese American Policy, (pp. 187-207), Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Limited
Zhu Z., (2005), "Regional Influence in China’s US Policy Making: The Roles of Shanghai and Wang Daohan" in Hao Y. and Su L. (eds) China’s Foreign Policy Making: Societal Force and Chinese American Policy, (pp. 209-227), Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Limited
Most read articles by the same author(s)