Summerfruit tοrtriχ, Adoxophyes orana: life cycle, warning system and control


Published: Jan 8, 1989
Keywords:
Tortricidae Adoxophyes orana Summerfruit tortrix
P.-J. Charmillot
J. F. Brunner
Abstract
The summerfruit tortrix, Adoxophyes orana F.v.R., is a pest which has recently adapted to the intensive culture of apple and pear. The larvae develop primarily on the young leaves and shoots and occasionally feed on the surface of the fruit. Under Swiss conditions there are two flights per year though there are three in Greece with the second and third overlapping. The diapausing larvae hibernate in the third stage (L3) and begin development again in the spring. There are three periods in which the larvae are active. The methods used to sample populations for making management decisions are: visual examination of flower clusters in spring, sex pheromone traps, and visual examination of shoots and fruit in summer. A model describing the life cycle as a function of temperature allows for the determination of the best time to sample damage and to apply treatments with regard to their particular mode of action. Some classical insecticides provide control curatively but efficiency is always reduced against older larvae. The best results are obtained at egg eclosion following the first flight. The insect growth regulator (IGR), fenoxycarb, is very effective when applied in the spring against the last stage larvae (Ls) of the overwintering generation. A specific virus also gives good control in the spring against overwintering larvae. The mating disruption technique and insect growth inhibitors (ICI), which prevent the formation of chitin, are currently being studied. For all the products used to control A. orana, the timing of the application is extremely important in order to obtain the best
Article Details
  • Section
  • Articles
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Andermatt, I. and M. Andermatt. 1989. Le virus de la granulose pour l'arboriculture. Revue UFA (2): 56.
Anonymous. 1989. L'Insegar et les abeilles - Nouvelles prescriptions. Revue Suisse Vitic. Arboric. Hortic. 21: 64-65.
Baskerville, G. L. and P. Emin. 1969. Rapid estimation of heat accumulation from maximum and minimum temperatures. Ecology 50: 514-517.
Blunk, H. and M. Janssen. 1952. Ein neuer gefährlicher Apfelschädling. Gesunde Pflanzen 4: 115K-116.
Charmillot, P.-J. 1989a. Les régulateurs de croissance d'insectes (RCI), mimiques de l'hormone juvénile, en tant que moyen de lutte morphogénétique et ovicide contre les tordeuses des vergers. Entomol. cxp. appi. 51: 59-69.
Charmillot, P.-J. 1989b. Technique de confusio contre la tordeuse de la pelure Adoxophyes orana F.v.R.: étude du comportement des papillons et essais de lutte. Revue Suisse Vitic. Arboric. Hortic. 21 (5) in press.
CharmiHot, P.-J. and C. Blaser. 1985. Le fenoxycarb, un régulateur de croissance d'insectes homologué contre la tordeuse de la pelure Adoxophyes orana F.v.R. Revue Suisse Vitic. Arboric. Hortic. 17 (2): 85-92.
De Jong, D. J. 1951. Leafrollers (Tortricidae) on fruit trees. Preliminary results of research on possibilities for control in the Netherlands. Meded. Direct. Tuinb. 12: 131-150. (in Dutch with English summary).
De Jong. D. J. and A. K. Minks. 1981. Studies on Adoxophyes orana, the major leafroller pest in apple orchards in the Netherlands. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 54: 205-214.
De Reede, R. H., R. F. Groendijk and Α.Κ.H. Wit. 1984. Field tests with the insect growth regulators, epofenonane and fenoxycarb, in apple orchards against leafrollers and side-effects on some leafroller parasites. Entomol. exp. appi. 35: 275-281.
Dorn, S., M.-L. Frischknecht, V. Martinez, R. Zurfltih and U. Fischer. 1981. A novel non-neurotoxic insecticide with a broad activity spectrum. Zeitschr. Pflkrankh. u. Pflschtz. j ; 269-275.
Galli, P. 1984. Austzung natürlicher Feinde bei der Bekämpfung des Apfelschalenwicklers. Obstbau Weinbau 2: 289-292.
Geier, P. 1953. Adoxophyes orana F.v.R. (= Capua reticulana Hueb.) une nouvelle tordeuse observée dans le verger romand en 1953. - Rev. rom. Agr. 9: 83-84.
Janssen, M. 1958. Ueber Biologie, Massenwechsel und Bekam fung von Adoxophyes orana Fischer von Roeslerstamm. (Lep., Tortr.j - Beitr. z. Entomol. 8: 291-323.
Klingler, J. 1956. Wicklerschäden an Blättern und Früchten unserer Obstbäume. - Schweiz. Z. Obst. u. Weinbau. 65: 78-84.
Kyparissoudas, D. S. 1988. Occurrence and seasonal flight of Adoxophyes orana males in northern Greece orchards. Proc. 2nd International Meeting on Mediterranean Tree CKROPS 2-4 Nov. 1988 - Chania, Greece: 145-149.
Salvaterra, G. 1953. La ricamatrice della frutta {Capua reticulana Hübner). Agric. trentina 7: Trento 1-2.
Savopoulou-Soultani, M., A. Hatzivassiliadis, H. J. Vlug, A. K. Minks and M. E. Tzanakakis. 1985. First records of the summerfruit tortricid, Adoxophyes orana F.v.R., in Greece. Entomologia Hellenica 3: 65-66.
Soenen, A. 1947. Les tordeuses de nos arbres fruitiers. Centre de Recherches de Gorscm, Belgique. Pubi. 4: 44p.
Schmid, Α., Ο. Cazelles and G. Benz. 1983. A granulosis virus of the fruit tortrix, Adoxophyes orana F.v.R. (Lep., Tortricidae) Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 56: 225-235.
Stäubli, Α., M. Baillod, P.-J. Charmillot and E. Guignard. 1988. Le point sur la lutte contre certains ravageurs importants en vergers. Revue Suisse Vitic. Arboric. Hortic. 20 (1): 8-11 et 21-29.
Welch, S. M., B. A. Croft, J. F. Brunncr and M. F. Michels. 1978. PETE: an extension phenology modeling system for management of multispecies pest complex. Environ. Entomol. 7: 487-494.