Essential oil in milk and calf starter feed for Simmental calves: Growth performance, hematological, and biochemical parameters
Published:
Μαΐ 18, 2026
Updated:
2026-05-18
Versions:
2026-05-18 (2)
Keywords:
calf essential oil blend growth performance hemogram blood biochemical parameters
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing a commercial essential oil blend (EOB) to milk and calf starter feed (CS) on the growth performance, blood markers, oxidative stress markers, and fecal consistency of Simmental calves during the preweaning period. This study was conducted with a controlled experimental trial design. The treatments were as follows: (1) Control: CS and milk without EOB, (2) MEOB: Supplementation of milk with 0.06 mL of a commercial liquid product of EOB/L of milk, (3) CSEOB: Supplementation of CS with 1000 g of a commercial powder product of EOB/t of CS, and (4) MCSEOB: Both supplementation milk with 0.06 mL of commercial liquid product of EOB/L of milk and 1000 g of a commercial powder product of EOB/t in CS. Growth performance, feed intake, and health parameters were monitored over 56 days. EO supplementation did not significantly impact average feed intake or overall growth rate outcomes. However, calves receiving essential oils in both milk and CS exhibited a 6.58% increase in weight by weaning and demonstrated reduced fecal scores, indicating enhanced digestive health. Furthermore, supplementation enhanced markers related to growth, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and reduced oxidative stress. These findings suggested that EOB may serve as a natural alternative to antibiotics, promoting better health and productivity in calves. Nevertheless, further research is recommended to optimize EO formulations and determine their long-term effects on livestock performance and welfare.
Article Details
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Bal, A., & Selçuk, Z. (2026). Essential oil in milk and calf starter feed for Simmental calves: Growth performance, hematological, and biochemical parameters. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 77(2), 10403–10416. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.41241 (Original work published May 15, 2026)
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- Vol. 77 No. 2 (2026)
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- Research Articles
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