Artificial Intelligence and its Impact in International Relations


Published: Nov 5, 2023
Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence Politics International Security International Relations Diplomacy Democracy Conflict Resolution Global Governance Policy Makers
Christina Meleouni
Iris Panagiota Efthymiou
Abstract

In an era marked by remarkable technological advancements, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful force in the realm of International Relations. AI's adaptability, which includes automating the processes of foreign policy-making and improving predictive analytics, is swiftly reshaping the ways in which countries participate in international affairs. The impact of AI is notably observed in activities like data analysis, policy assessment, conflict resolution, cybersecurity, language translation, and disaster response, all of which streamline diplomatic activities and enhance communication. This article discusses how AI technology will shape the field of International Relations.

Article Details
  • Section
  • Research Articles
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Al Fahim, F. (2022, February 4). Data diplomacy: turning bytes into insights in the foreign service. Retrieved October 2023, from Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford: https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/blog/data-diplomacy-turning-bytes-insights-foreign-service
Allen, G., & Chan, T. (2017, July). Artificial Intelligence and National Security. Retrieved September 2021, from Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School: https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/files/publication/AI%20NatSec%20-%20final.pdf
Amaresh, P. (2020, May 13). Artificial Intelligence: A New driving horse in International Relations and Diplomacy. Retrieved September 2021, from Extraordinary and Plenipoteniary Diplomatist: https://diplomatist.com/2020/05/13/artificial-intelligence-a-new-driving-horse-in-international-relations-and-diplomacy/
Castro, D., McLaughlin, M., & Chivot, E. (2019, August 19). Who Is Winning the AI Race: China, the EU or the United States? Retrieved September 2021, from Center for Data Innovation: https://datainnovation.org/2019/08/who-is-winning-the-ai-race-china-the-eu-or-the-united-states/
Cong Truong, T., Bao Diep, Q., & Zelinka, I. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in the Cyber Domain: Offense and Defense. Symmetry, 12(3), 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12030410
Congressional Research Service. (2020, November 10). Artificial Intelligence and National Security. Retrieved September 2021, from Congressional Research Service: https://sgp.fas.org/crs/natsec/R45178.pdf
Cummings, M. L., Roff, H. M., Cukier, K., Parakilas, J., & Bryce, H. (2018). Artificial Intelligence and International Affairs Disruption Anticipated. Retrieved September 2021, from Chatham House Report: https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/publications/research/2018-06-14-artificial-intelligence-international-affairs-cummings-roff-cukier-parakilas-bryce.pdf
Darrel, M., & Allen, J. (2018, April 24). How artificial intelligence is transforming the world. Retrieved September 2021, from Brookings: https://www.brookings.edu/research/how-artificial-intelligence-is-transforming-the-world/
Deeks, A. (2020, April 27). Introduction to the Symposium: How Will Artificial Intelligence Affect International Law? AJIL Unbound, 114, 138-140. doi:10.1017/aju.2020.29
Deloitte AI Institute for Government, & Google Cloud. (2022, November). Using artificial intelligence (AI) to modernize American statecraft. Retrieved October 2023, from Deloitte AI Institute for Government and Google Cloud: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/public-sector/us-using-artificial-intelligence-to-modernize-american-statecraft.pdf
Department of Defense. (2018). Summary of the 2018 Department of Defense Artificial Intelligence Strategy: Harnessing AI to Advance Our Security and Prosperity. Retrieved September 2021, from: https://media.defense.gov/2019/Feb/12/2002088963/-1/-1/1/SUMMARY-OF-DOD-AI-STRATEGY.PDF
Department of Defense. (2019, February). Summary of the 2018 Department of Defense Artificial Intelligence Strategy. Harnessing AI to Advance Our Security and Prosperity. Retrieved September 2021, from: https://media.defense.gov/2019/Feb/12/2002088963/-1/-1/1/SUMMARY-OF-DOD-AI-STRATEGY.PDF
Efthymiou, I.-P., & Koukouliou, Z. (2022). Artificial Intelligence and Warfare. Retrieved October 2023, from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358561205_Artificial_Intelligence_and_Warfare
European Parliament. (2020, March). The ethics of artificial intelligence: Issues and initiatives. Retrieved October 2023, from Panel for the Future of Science and Technology: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/634452/EPRS_STU(2020)634452_EN.pdf
European Parliament. (2020, September 4). What is artificial intelligence and how is it used?. Retrieved September 2021, from: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20200827STO85804/what-is-artificial-intelligence-and-how-is-it-used
Fontes, C., Corrigan, C., & Lütge, C. (2023). Governing AI during a pandemic crisis: Initiatives at the EU level. Technology in society, 72, 102204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102204
Frąckiewicz, M. (2023, July 16). AI and the Future of Economic Diplomacy: Navigating Global Trade Relations. Retrieved October 2023, from TS2 : https://ts2.space/en/ai-and-the-future-of-economic-diplomacy-navigating-global-trade-relations/
Frąckiewicz, M. (2023, October). Artificial Intelligence in Diplomacy: A Game Changer for International Relations. Retrieved October 2023, from TS2: https://ts2.space/en/artificial-intelligence-in-diplomacy-a-game-changer-for-international-relations/
Future of Life. (2015). Autonomous Weapons:An Open Letter From AI & Robotics Researchers. Retrieved from Future of Life: https://futureoflife.org/open-letter-autonomous-weapons/
Geiss, R. (Ed.). (2017, February 9). Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems: Technology, Definition, Ethics, Law & Security.The Federal Government. Retrieved October 2023, from: https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/service/information-material-issued-by-the-federal-government/lethal-autonomous-weapons-systems-technology-definition-ethics-law-security-1529490
Höne, K. E., Anđelković, K., Perućica, N., Saveska, V., Hibbard, L., & Maciel, M. (2019, January). Mapping the challenges and opportunities of artificial intelligence for the conduct of diplomacy. DiploFoundation. Retrieved September 2021, from: https://um.fi/documents/35732/0/DiploFoundation_Mapping+the+challenges+and+opportunitien+of+AI+for+the+conduct+of+diplomacy.pdf/56adad57-72a8-01bb-fea3-85c5f609aeb6?t=1551869181132
Konovalova, M. (2023, July ). AI and Diplomacy: Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, Vol. 9 (No. 2 ).
Krisnata, R. (2023, July 27). Artificial Intelligence and International Affairs. Retrieved October 2023, from Australian Institute of International Affairs: https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/australianoutlook/artificial-intelligence-and-international-affairs/
Meleouni, C. (2021). The military use of Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved October 2023, from Pandemos : http://pandemos.panteion.gr/index.php?op=record&lang=el&pid=iid:21219
Meltzer, J. P., & Kerry, C. F. (2021, February). Strengthening international cooperation on artificial intelligence. Brookings. Retrieved September 2021, from: https://www.brookings.edu/research/strengthening-international-cooperation-on-artificial-intelligence/
Moore, A. (2023, March 21). How AI Could Revolutionize Diplomacy. Foreign Policy. Retrieved October 2023, from: https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/03/21/ai-artificial-intelligence-diplomacy-negotiations-chatgpt-quantum-computing/#cookie_message_anchor
Perricos, C., & Kapur, V. (2019, June 24). Anticipatory Government - Preempting problems through predictive analytics. Retrieved October 2023, from Deloitte Insights: https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/industry/public-sector/government-trends/2020/predictive-analytics-in-government.html
Sachdev, N. (2023, September 14). The future of disaster planning: How AI & ML models could protect communities form natural disasters. Retrieved October 2023, from HT Tech: https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/the-future-of-disaster-planning-how-ai-ml-models-could-protect-communities-from-natural-disasters-71694656860911.html
Sakhri, M. (2023, June 9). The Intersection of Digital Diplomacy and Artificial Intelligence: Unlocking New Opportunities. Retrieved October 2023, from Politics-dz: https://www.politics-dz.com/the-intersection-of-digital-diplomacy-and-artificial-intelligence-unlocking-new-opportunities/
State Council. (2017, September 15). Next Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plann. China's Strengths Create Innovation Miracles. Retrieved September 2021, from China Science & Technology. Department of International Cooperation Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), P.R. China: http://fi.china-embassy.org/eng/kxjs/P020171025789108009001.pdf
Sutaria, N. (2022, August 29). Bias and Ethical Concerns in Machine Learning. Retrieved October 2023, from Isaca: https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/issues/2022/volume-4/bias-and-ethical-concerns-in-machine-learning
Tegmark, M. (2017). Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
U.S. Department of State. (n.d.). Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved September 2021, from: https://www.state.gov/artificial-intelligence/
UN environment programme. (2022, November 7). How artificial intelligence is helping tackle environmental challenges. Retrieved October 2023, from UN environment programme: https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/how-artificial-intelligence-helping-tackle-environmental-challenges
UNICEF EAP Blog. (2023, April 6). Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Opportunities and Risks of AI for Child Rights. Retrieved October 2023, from Unicef: https://www.unicef.org/eap/blog/artificial-intelligence-chatbots
UNICRI, & UNCCT. (2021). Algorithms and terrorism: The malicious use of artificial intelligence for terrorist purposes. Retrieved October 2023, from United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism: https://www.un.org/counterterrorism/sites/www.un.org.counterterrorism/files/malicious-use-of-ai-uncct-unicri-report-hd.pdf
ÓhÉigeartaigh, S. S., Whittlestone, J., Liu, Y., Zeng, Y., Liu, Z., & (2020, May 15). Overcoming Barriers to Cross-cultural Cooperation in AI Ethics and Governance. Philos. Technol. 33, 571–593 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-020-00402-x
Vladisavljev, S. (2021, June). China’s 'Digital Silk Road' Enters the Western Balkans. Retrieved September 2021, from: https://chinaobservers.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/CHOICE_policy-paper_digital-silk-road_A4_web_04.pdf
Vousinas, G. L., Simitsi, I., Livieri, G., Gkouva, G. C., & Efthymiou, I. P. (2022). Mapping the road of the ethical dilemmas behind Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Politics and Ethics in New Technologies and AI, 1(1), e31238-e31238.