Body Politics, Internet and Psychotherapy


Ελένη Καραγεωργίου
Τιμολέων Θεοφανέλλης
Abstract
Internet diffusion in everyday life has brought dramatic changes in a person’s relation to his/her body. These changes need to be considered and maybe tacked as intervention points in Psychotherapy. In the present paper, in particular, three issues concerning non explicit politics of body management in internet are critically examined. These are a) the objectification of the body due to the prevalence of the image in the social media b) the impact internet porn has on interpersonal relationships and the sexual behavior and c) the escape to the internet world through the adoption of various virtual personas, vis a vis- their avatars. For the purposes of the present paper some clinical cases are also illustrated. The highlighting of this subject can be very useful in psychotherapeutic practice, since the body and the politics related to it are not traditionally the main focus of attention in psychotherapy. In addition, clients are nowadays frequently discussing problems related to their presence and life, as a whole, on the internet.
Article Details
  • Section
  • THEORETICAL REVIEWS
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Bauer, R (2017). #6 from 2016: Media (R)evolutions: Time spent online continues to rise. World Bank. Ανασύρθηκε από https://blogs.worldbank.org/ publicsphere/6-2016-media-revolutions-timespent- online-continues-rise.
Beard, K.W., & Wolf, E.M. (2001). Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for Internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4 (3), 377-383.
B e c k , U . , & B e c k - G e r n s h e i m E . ( 2 0 0 2 ) . Individualization: Institutionalized Individualism and Its Social and Political Consequences. London: SAGE. Bernam, A. (1988). From the New Critics to Deconstruction. The Reception of Structuralism and Post-Structuralism. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Bfy (2017). Re: Νέα τεχνολογία στις οθόνες αφής, μπορεί να μας χαρίσει ψηφιακές αισθήσεις! Εί- δηση που δημοσιεύτηκε στις 18 Ιουλίου 2017 στο http://www.techfrog.gr/other-news/neatehnologia- stis-othones-afismporei-na-masharisei- psifiakes-aisthiseis.
Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: University Press.
Brandt, M. (2006) Internet Addiction: Stanford study seeks to define whether it’s a problem. Ανασύρ- θηκε στις 27/07/2017 από την ηλεκτρονική δι- εύθυνση: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/ 2006- 10/sumc-ias101706.php
Bridges, A.J., & Morokoff, P.J. (2011). Sexual media use and relational satisfaction in heterosexual couples. Personal Relatshionships, 18, 562- 585.
Butler, J. (1990). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge.
Casale S., Fioravanti G., Flett G.L., & Hewitt P.L. (2015). Self-presentation styles and problematic use of Internet communicative services: The role of the concerns over behavioral displays of imperfection. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 187-192.
Charteris, J., Gregory, S., & Masters, Y. (2016). ‘Snapchat’, youth subjectivities and sexuality: Disappearing media and the discourse of youth innocence. Gender and Education, 1-17.
Chodorow, J. (1991). Dance Therapy and Depth Psychology. London: Routledge. Cooper, P. (n.d.). Social Media Advertising Stats that Matter to Marketers. Ανασύρθηκε στις 02/08/2017, από https://blog.hootsuite.com/ social-media-advertising-stats/
Delmonico, D. L., Griffin, E. J., & Moriarity, J. (2001). Cybersex Unhooked: A Workbook for Breaking Free from Compulsive Online Sexual Behavior. Wickenburg, AZ: Gentle Path Press.
Derrida, J. (1978). Writing and difference. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Dias K. (2003). The ANA Sanctuary: Women’s Pro- Anorexia Narratives in Cyberspace. Journal of International Women Studies 4 (2): 31-4
Diomidous, M., Chardalias, K., Magita, A., Koutonias, P., Panagiotopoulou,P., & Mantas, J. (2016). Social and Psychological Effects of the Internet Use. Acta Informatica Medica, 24 (1), 66-6
Döring, N. (2000). Feminist Views of Cybersex: Victimization, Liberation, and Empowerment. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 5, 863-88
Eisenstein, Z. (1998). Global Obscenities: Patriarchy, Capitalism, and the Lure of Cyberfantasy. New York: New York University Press.
Epston, D., & White, M. (1990). Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends. New York: W.W. Norton. Family Safe Media (n.d.) Pornography Statistics. Ανασύρθηκε στις 20/10/2016, από http://www. familysafemedia.com/pornography_statistics. html.
Freedman, J., & Comps, G. (2002). Narrative Couple Therapy. In A. S. Gurman & N. Jacobson (eds) Clinical Handbook of Couple Therapy. New York: The Guilford Press.
Freud, S. (1914). Psychopathology of everyday life. New York: The Macmillan company.
Foulkes, S. H. (1972). Oedipus conflict and regression. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 22, 3-15.
Gergen, K. J. (1994). Realities and relationships. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Gergen, K. (2009, 2nd edition). An Invitation to Social Construction. Los Angeles: Sage.
Gilbert, L.A. (1999). Reproducing gender in counseling and psychotherapy: Understanding the problem and changing the practice. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 8 (2), 119-127.
Griffiths, M. (2000). Does Internet and Computer Addiction Exist? Some Case Study Evidence. CyberPsychology and Behavior 3(2), 211-218.
Grohol, J.M. (2005). Internet addiction guide. Psych Central. Ανασύρθηκε στις 24/07/2017 από: http://psychcentral.com/netaddiction
Harte C. B., & Meston C. M. (2011). Recreational Use of Erectile Dysfunction Medications in Undergraduate Men in the United States: Characteristics and Associated Risk Factors. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40 (3), 597-606.
Jones, L.J., Mitchell, K. J., & Finkelhor, D. (2012). Trends in youth internet victimization: Findings from three youth internet safety surveys 2000 -2010. Journal of Adolescent Health, 50 (2), 179-186.
Kraut, R., Kiesler, S., Boneva, B., Cummings, J., Helgeson, V., & Crawford, A. (2002). Internet paradox revisited. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 49-74.
Langton, R. (2009). Sexual Solipsism: Philosophical Essays on Pornography and Objectification, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sexual Solipsism: Philosophical Essays on Pornography and Objectification, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Landripet, I., & Štulhofer, A. (2015). Is Pornography Use Associated with Sexual Difficulties and Dysfunctions among Younger Heterosexual Men? Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12, 1136- 1139.
Lee, B.W., & Stapinski, L.A. (2012). Seeking safety on the Internet: Relationship between social anxiety and problematic Internet use. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26, 197-205.
Livingstone, S., & Haddon, L. (2009). EU kids online: Final report. London: LSE.
Mangold, W.G., & Faulds, D.J. (2009). Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix. Business Orizons, 52, 357-365.
Malchiodi, C. A. (2003). Expressive Therapies. New York: Guilford.
McAlinden, A. (2013). Grooming’ and the sexual abuse of children: implications for sex offender assessment, treatment and management. Sexual Offender Treatment, 8 (1), 1-13.
Nadkarni, A., & Hofmann, S.G. (2012). Why do people use Facebook? Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 243-249.
Papadaki, L. (2008). Women’s Objectification and the Norm of Assumed Objectivity. Episteme, 5(2), 239-250.
Park, B.Y., Wilson, G., Berger, J., Christman, M., Reina, B., Bishop, F., Klam, W.P., & Doan, A.P. (2016). Is Internet Pornography Causing Sexual Dysfunctions? A Review with Clinical Reports. Behavioral Sciences, 6, 17.
Perls, F.S. (1969). Gestal Therapy Verbatim. Moab, Utah: Real People Press.
Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P.M. (2016). Adolescents and Pornography: A Review of 20 Years of Research. The Journal of Sex Research, 53 (4- 5), 509-531.
Pujazon-Zazik, M.A., Manasse, S.M., & Orrell- Valente, J.K., (2012). Adolescents’ selfpresentation on a teen dating web site: A riskcontent analysis. Journal of Adolescent Health. 50(5), 517-520.
Reich, W. (1945). Character Analysis. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
Ringrose, J. (2011). Are you sexy, flirty or a slut? Exploring “sexualisation” and how teen girls perform/negotiate digital sexual identity on social networking sites, in: Gill R., Scharff, C. (Eds.), New Femininities: Postfeminism, Neoliberalism and Identity (pp: 99-116). Palgrave: London.
Rogers, C. (1951). Client-centered Therapy: Its Current Practice, Implications and Theory. London:
Constable. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
Skau, B., & Barbour, H. (2011). The pursuit of “Good Sex” in a pornified world: Assisting adolescents in constructing positive sexual scripts. Paper presented at the 30th Annual ATSA Conference, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Smith, K. (n.d.). 96 Amazing Social Media Statistics and Facts. Ανασύρθηκε στις 02/08/2017, από https://www.brandwatch.com/blog/96-amazingsocial- media-statistics-and-facts-for-2016/
Smyth, J.M. (2011). Beyond self-selection in video game play: An experimental examination of the consequences of massively multiplayer online role-playing game play. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10 (5), 717-721.
Sontag, L.M., Clemans, K.H., Graber, J.A., & Lyndon S.T. (2011). Traditional and cyber aggressors and victims: a comparison of psychosocial characteristics. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 392-404.
Stanley, N., Barter, C., Wood, M., Aghtaie, N., Larkins, C., Lanau, A., & Overlien, C. (2016). Pornography, sexual coercion and abuse and sexting in young peoples intimate relationships: a European study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Published online: 03/06/2016
Van March, A. (2014). New digital smell technology transforms smartphones into smell-o-phones. CBS News. Ανασύρθηκε από https://www. cbsnews.com/news/new-digital-smell-technology- transforms-smartphones-into-smell-ophones/
White, M. (2002). Adressing personal failure. International Journal of Narrative Therapy and Community Work, 3, 33-76.
White, M. (2007). Maps of narrative practice. New York: W. W. Norton.
Winnicott, D. (1965). The Family and Individual Development. London: Tavistock.
Yen, J. Y., Ko, C. H., Yen, C. F., Wu, H. Y., & Yang, M. J. (2007). The comorbid psychiatric symptoms of Internet addiction: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, social phobia, and hostility. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(1), 93-98.
Young, K.S. (1998). Internet addiction: the emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 1, 237-44.
Young, K.S. (2007). Cognitive-behavioral therapy with Internet addicts: Treatment outcomes and implications. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10 (5), 671-679.
Yuen, C. N., & Lavin, M. J. (2004). Internet dependence in the collegiate population: The role of shyness. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 7(4), 379-383.
Ybarra ML. (2004). Linkages between depressive symptomatology and Internet harassment among young regular Internet users. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 7, 247–257.
Most read articles by the same author(s)