Ψυχοπάθεια: Φωτίζοντας τα σκοτεινά σημεία μιας αμφιλεγόμενης κατασκευής

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Δημοσιευμένα: Sep 4, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/socialwork-rss.43675
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Ψυχοπάθεια συμπτωματολογία αιτιολογία θεραπεία κοινωνική εργασία
Σοφία Μαρτινάκη
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8611-4548
Περίληψη

Η ψυχοπάθεια συνιστά ένα αμφιλεγόμενο κλινικό φαινόμενο. Πρόκειται για ένα σύνδρομο που δεν συμπεριλαμβάνεται αυτούσια, ως διάγνωση, στα επίσημα διαγνωστικά ταξινομητικά συστήματα των ψυχικών διαταραχών, αλλά έχει περιγραφεί μέσα από ποικίλες μεθοδολογικές προσεγγίσεις (κλινικές και διαγνωστικές).Τα ψυχοπαθητικά πρότυπα συμπεριφοράς περιλαμβάνουν κατάφωρη περιφρόνηση των κοινωνικών κανόνων, παθολογικό ψέμα, απερισκεψία, βία, παραβίαση του νόμου, ενώ χαρακτηρίζονται από σκληρότητα, ανευθυνότητα, παρορμητικότητα και χειριστικότητα. Οι κοινωνικοί/ες λειτουργοί, σε κλινικά αλλά και μη κλινικά πλαίσια, μπορεί να έρθουν αντιμέτωποι/ες με παρόμοιες συμπεριφορές εξυπηρετούμενων και συνεπώς οι γνώσεις που σχετίζονται με την αιτιολογία, την εκδήλωση των χαρακτηριστικών γνωρισμάτων και τις προοπτικές αντιμετώπισης, αποτελούν ισχυρά εφόδια που συμβάλλουν στην έγκαιρη αναγνώριση, τη σωστή προσέγγιση  και  ανάπτυξη θεραπευτικής παρέμβασης. Στο παρόν άρθρο διερευνήθηκε η διεθνής βιβλιογραφία σχετικά με την ψυχοπάθεια εστιάζοντας σε σημεία που θα ενδιέφεραν τους κοινωνικούς λειτουργούς στην καθημερινή πρακτική τους. Πραγματοποιήθηκε αναζήτηση στις βάσεις δεδομένων PubMed, Scopus και Web of Science, χρησιμοποιώντας τους όρους «psychopathy», «symptoms», «etioMiogy», «prevalence», «treatment» και «social work». Η αναζήτηση περιορίστηκε σε άρθρα, κεφάλαια βιβλίων και ανασκοπήσεις που δημοσιεύτηκαν κατά το χρονικό διάστημα 2014 - 2024 στην αγγλική γλώσσα. Εντοπίστηκαν αρχικά 3543 πηγές, εκ των οποίων μετά από βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση χρησιμοποιήθηκαν οι 81. Κατά την επεξεργασία των πηγών αναδείχθηκαν τα βασικά ψυχοπαθητικά χαρακτηριστικά, οι αιτιολογικοί παράγοντες, τα ποσοστά επικράτησης, καθώς και οι σύγχρονες προσεγγίσεις στην κλινική αξιολόγηση και τη θεραπευτική αντιμετώπιση. Τέλος, προτείνεται ένα δομημένο πλαίσιο βημάτων που μπορεί να υποστηρίξει τη γνωστική διεργασία και την επαγγελματική πρακτική των κοινωνικών λειτουργών στη διαχείριση ατόμων με ψυχοπαθητικά χαρακτηριστικά.

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