Reproductive incompatibility between genetically differentiated populations of Tetranychus urticae from different host plants

PDF
Published: Nov 8, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/eh.11532
Keywords:
host plant reproductive incompatibility Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite
Natasa Fytrou
Hellenic Agricultural Organisation “Demeter”, NAGREF, Plant Protection Institute of Heraklion, Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, 71307Heraklion, Greece
Anastasia Tsagkarakou
Hellenic Agricultural Organisation “Demeter”, NAGREF, Plant Protection Institute of Heraklion, Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, 71307Heraklion, Greece
Abstract

The study of host plant adaptation in arthropods, and especially agricultural pests, presents great interest, as it relates to patterns of population isolation and differentiation, with effects ranging from gene flow restriction to speciation. Prompted by our earlier isoenzyme studies that revealed genetic differentiation of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) collected on citrus, compared to other host plants, we investigated crossing compatibility between T. urticae collected from citrus (lemon) trees (ELCI) and T. urticae collected from the weed Mercurialis annua (ELMA), in the same citrus grove. Crossing compatibility in haplodiploid species where unfertilised eggs develop into males, like T. urticae, is assessed based on both the number and the sex ratio of the offspring. When ELMA females were crossed with ELCI males, fecundity was not affected, however the sex ratio was significantly biased towards males (16.6 % females, compared to 66% in the control cross ELMAxELMA). In the reciprocal crosses (ELCIxELMA), fecundity was lower by 30% and the proportion of female offspring was reduced to 52% from 67 %, compared to the control. The fecundity of the F1 hybrid females was significantly reduced and the eggs they laid were less viable, compared to the non-hybrids, further reducing the reproductive potential of inter-strain crosses. Combined with previous data, these results suggest the existence of a citrus-associated T. urticae host race.

Article Details
  • Section
  • Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons 4.0 license.

Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Agrawal, A.A. 2000. Host-range evolution: adaptation and trade-offs in fitness of mites on alternative hosts. Ecology 81: 500–508.
Aguilar-Fenollosa, E., T. Pina, M.A. Gómez-Martínez, M.A. Hurtado and J.A. Jacas. 2011. Does host adaptation of Tetranychus urticae populations in clementine orchards with a Festuca arundinacea cover contribute to a better natural regulation of this pest mite? Entomol. Exp. Appl. 144: 181-190.
Bolland, H.R., J. Gutierrez and C.H.W. Flechtmann. 1998. World catalogue of the spider mite family. Leiden, The Netherlands.
De Boer, R. 1985. Reproductive barriers. In: Spider mites: their biology, natural enemies and control, Vol. 1A, W. Helle and M.W. Sabelis (eds), pp. 193–199.
Elsevier, Amsterdam. Diehl, S. R. and G. L. Bush. 1984. An evolutionary and applied perspective to insect biotypes. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 29: 471–50.
Drès, M. and J. Mallet. 2002. Host races in plant-feeding insects and their importance in sympatric speciation. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 357: 471–492.
Fox, L. R. and P. A. Morrow. 1981. Specialization: species property or local phenomenon? Science 211: 887-893.
Fry, J.D. 1990. Trade-offs in fitness on different hosts: Evidence from a selection experiment with a phytophagous mite. Amer. Nat. 136: 569-580.
Fry, J.D. 1999. The role of adaptation to host plants in the evolution of reproductive isolation: negative evidence from Tetranychus urticae Koch. Exp. and Appl. Acarol. 23: 379-387.
Gotoh, T., J. Bruin, M.W. Sabelis and S.B.J. Menken. 1993. Host race formation in Tetranychus urticae: genetic differentiation, host plant preference and mate choice in a tomato and a cucumber strain. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 68: 171-178.
Gotoh, T., H. Noda and S. Ito. 2007a. Cardinium symbionts cause cytoplasmic incompatibility in spider mites. Heredity 98: 13–20.
Gotoh, T., J. Sugasawa, H. Noda and Y. Kitashima.2007b. Wolbachia –induced cytoplasmic incompatibility in Japanese populations of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Exp. Appl. Acarol. 42: 1-16.
Gould, F., C.R. Carroll and D.J. Futuyma. 1982. Cross-resistance to pesticides and plant defences: a study of the twospotted spider mite. Ent. Exp. Appl. 31: 175-181.
Grbić, M., T. Van Leeuwen, R.M. Clark, S. Rombauts, P. Rouzé, V. Grbić, E.J. Osborne, W. Dermauw, P.C.T. Ngoc, F. Ortego, et al. 2011. The genome of Tetranychus urticae reveals herbivorous pest adaptations. Nature 479: 487-492.
Hurtado, M.A., T. Ansaloni, S. Cros-Arteil, J.A. Jacas and M. Navajas. 2008. Sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers region in spider mites (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) occurring in citrus orchards in Eastern Spain: use for species discrimination. Ann. Appl. Biol. 153: 167-174.
Magalhães, S., M.R. Forbes, A. Skoracka, M. Osakabe, C. Chevillon and K.D. McCoy. 2007. Host race formation in the Acari. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 42: 225–238.
Navajas, M. 1998. Host plant associations in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): insights from molecular phylogeography. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 22: 201–214.
Navajas, M., A. Tsagkarakou, J. Lagnel and M.J. Perrot-Minnot. 2000. Genetic differentiation in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): polymorphism, host races or sibling species? Exp. Appl. Acarol. 24: 365-376.
Nishimura, S., N. Hinomoto and A. Takafuji. 2005. Gene flow and spatiotemporal genetic variation among sympatric populations of Tetranychus kanzawai (Acari: Tetranychidae) occurring on different host plants, as estimated by microsatellite gene diversity. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 35: 59–71.
Osakabe, M. and S. Komazaki. 1996. Host range segregation and reproductive incompatibility among Panonychus citri populations infesting Osmanthus trees and other host plants. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 31: 397–406.
Perrot-Minnot, M.-J., B. Cheval, A. Migeon and M. Navajas. 2002. Contrasting effects of Wolbachia on cytoplasmic incompatibility and fecundity in the haplodiploid mite Tetranychus urticae. J. Evolut. Biol. 15: 808-817.
Pritchard, A.E. and E.W. Baker. 1955. A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. Memoirs of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society 2: 1-472.
Thompson, J.N. 1994. The coevolutionary process. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Tsagkarakou, A., M. Navajas, J. Lagnel and N. Pasteur. 1997. Population structure in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Crete based on multiple allozymes. Heredity 78: 84–92.
Tsagkarakou, A., M. Navajas, P. Papaioannou-Souliotis and N. Pasteur. 1998. Gene flow among Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) populations in Greece. Mol. Ecol. 7: 71–79.
Tsagkarakou, A., M. Navajas, F. Rousset and N. Pasteur. 1999. Genetic differentiation in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) from greenhouses in France. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 23: 365-378.
Tsuchida, T., R. Koga and T. Fukatsu. 2004. Host plant specialization governed by facultative symbiont. Science 303: 1989-1989.
Vala, F., A. Weeks, D. Claessen, J.A.J. Breeuwer and M.W. Sabelis. 2002. Within- and between-population variation for Wolbachia induced reproductive incompatibility in a haplodiploid mite. Evolution 56: 1331-1339.
Vala, F., J.A.J. Breeuwer and M.W. Sabelis. 2000. Wolbachia –induced ‘hybrid breakdown’ in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. Proc. Royal Soc. London B 267: 1931- 1937.
Wade, M.J. 2001. Evolution: Infectious speciation. Nature 409: 675-677.
Weeks, A.R., T. van Opijnen and J.A.J. Breeuwer. 2000. AFLP fingerprinting for assessing intraspecific variation and genome mapping in mites. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 24: 775–793.
Weeks, A.R., R. Velten and R. Stouthamer. 2003. Incidence of a new sex-ratiodistorting endosymbiotic bacterium among arthropods. Proc. Biol. Sci. B 270: 1857–1865.