The offering and storage of the “first fruits” (aparchē-aparchai) in the cults of Early Iron Age Greece: archaeological evidence, mythical echoes and epic tradition

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Published: May 5, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/eul.45442
Keywords:
Religious storage cult practices aparchai votive pithoi dance rituals fertility and chthonic cults
Alexandra Pentoti
Abstract

The present study examines food storage in ritual and cult places across the central and south Aegean and mainland Greece between the end of the Mycenaean civilization and the rise of the Greek polis (12th-early 7th c. BCE). It particularly focuses on the ritual practice of the offering of the “first fruits” (aparchai), combining the available archaeological evidence with literary knowledge ―especially the epic tradition― in light of the interwoven relation between the myth and the historical, social, and religious life of early Greek communities. Although cult practices are frequently linked to a wide range of social, economic, and cultural variables, the offering of aparchai appears to have been a defining feature of agricultural communities throughout history. The research data of the EIA reveal associations with particular fertility and chthonic deities (Potnia theron, Demeter, Artemis, Zeus, Apollo and Dionysus), as well as with other ritual practices, such as communal meals and dances.

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