Lunisolar Calendars, the Antikythera Mechanism, the Halieia of Rhodes and some thoughts on the Calendars of Rhodes and Kos

Iversen, P. A., Lunisolar Calendars, the Antikythera Mechanism, the Halieia of Rhodes and some thoughts on the Calendars of Rhodes and Kos, ΕΥΛΙΜΕΝΗ 19-20 (2018-2019), 39-122 (English)
Veröffentlicht: Dec 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/eul.32837
Paul A. Iversen
Abstract

This paper will discuss the logic, history and development of lunisolar calendars, including the octaëteris, the Metonic Cycle and Callippic Cycle periods (particularly how the latter two are employed on the Antikythera Mechanism), as well as the years, season, history and events of the Halieia games of Rhodes (which are also attested on the Antikythera Mechanism). It will also discuss the order and seasons of the months and the day-nomenclature of the calendars of Rhodes and Kos as well as their semester systems. Here it will be argued that there were two separate calendars in operation with different starting points at both these city-states an Eponymous Calendar-Year and a Bouleutic Calendar-Year. The paper will also discuss the intercalary month Πάναμος δεύτερος at Rhodes along with various theories concerning the Διπανάμια festival there. Finally, the paper will conclude by analyzing the years in which several Rhodian festivals were celebrated, based upon which several Rhodian inscriptions will be redated.

##plugins.themes.ekt-hometheme.article.details##
  • Rubrik
  • Articles

The copyright for articles in this journal is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal. Authors who submit articles to this journal confirm that third-party intellectual property rights are not violated in any way. By virtue of their appearance in this open access journal, articles can be used freely, with proper attribution, for educational and other non-commercial purposes. The Mediterranean Archaeological Society retains the right to publish papers that appear in EULIMENE in any form, including electronic, the journal may assume in the future. It also retains the right to deposit articles published in EULIMENE in its repository.

Downloads
Keine Nutzungsdaten vorhanden.
Autor/innen-Biografie
Paul A. Iversen

https://classics.case.edu/faculty/paul-iversen/

Literaturhinweise
Adiego, I.-J. 2007. The Carian Language. Leiden and Boston, Brill.
Allen, M., W. Ambrisco, M. Anastasiou, D. Bate, Y. Bitsakis, A. Crawley, M.G. Edmunds, D. Gelb, R. Hadland, P. Hockley, A. Jones, T. Malzbender, H. Mangou, X. Moussas, A. Ramsey, J.H. Seiradakis, J.M. Steele, A. Tselikas, and M. Zafeiropoulou (eds) 2016. “Special Issue: The Inscriptions of the Antikythera Mechanism”, Almagest: International Journal for the History of Scientific Ideas 7.1. Turnhout: Brepolis.
Amandry, P. 1980. “Sur les concours argiens”, Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, Supplément. 6, 211-253.
Amandry, P. 1983. “Le Bouclier d’Argos (Note complémentaire) ”, Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 107, 627-634.
Anastasiou, M., Y. Bitsakis, A. Jones, X. Moussas, A. Tselikas, and M. Zafeiropoulou. 2016a. “The Inscriptions of the Antikythera Mechanism 4: The Back Dial and Back Plate Inscriptions”, in Allen et al. 2016, 138-215.
Anastasiou, M., Y. Bitsakis, A. Jones, X. Moussas, A. Tselikas, and M. Zafeiropoulou. 2016b. “The Inscriptions of the Antikythera Mechanism 6: The Front Cover Inscription”, in Allen et al. 2016, 250-297.
Arenz, A. 2006. Herakleides Kritikos »Über die Städte in Hellas«. Eine Periegese Griechenlands am Vorabend des Chremonideischen Krieges. Munich: Herbert Utz Verlag.
Arnaoutoglou, I. 1994. “ΑΡΧΕΡΑΝΙΣΤΗΣ and its Meaning in Inscriptions”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 104, 107-110.
Arnott, W. G. 2007. Birds in the Ancient World from A to Z. London, New York: Routledge.
Badoud, N. 2015. Le temps de Rhodes: Une chronologie des inscriptions de la cité fondée sur l’étude de ses institutions. Munich: C.H. Beck.
Barth, M. and J. Stauber. 1993. “Inschriften Mysia & Troas: Nördlich Troas”, The Packard Humanities Institute Online Searchable Greek Inscriptions: <https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/287565?&bookid=715& location=746>.
Bennett, C. 2011. Alexandria and the Moon: An Investigation Into the Lunar Macedonian Calendar of Ptolemaic Egypt (Studia Hellenistica 52). Leuven & Walpole, MA: Peeters.
Bergk, Th. 1845. Beiträge zur griechischen Monatskunde. Gießen: B.C. Ferber.
Bernard, A. 1972. Le Paneion d’el-Kanaïs: les inscriptions grecques. Leiden: Brill.
Bernardini, P.A. 1977. “Le Halieia di Rodi e lo scolio a Pind, 0.7, 146ab (p. 229 Dr.)”, Stadion 3, 1-3.
Berthold, R. 1984. Rhodes in the Hellenistic Age. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Bevan, G., A. Jones and D. Lehoux. 2019. “The Miletus Parapegma and the Keskintos Astronomical Inscription: New Evidence from Reflectance Transformation Imagining”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 212, 137-146.
Bickerman, E.J. 1980. Chronology of the Ancient World. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Bischoff, E. 1894. “Beiträge zur Wiederherstellung altgriechischer Kalender”, Leipziger Studien zur classischen Philologie 16, 141-158.
Bischoff, E. 1919. “Kalender”, in W. Kroll (ed) Paulys Real-Encylopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft 20, 1568-1602. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
Bitsakis, Y. and A. Jones. 2016a. “The Inscriptions of the Antikythera Mechanism 3: The Front Dial and Parapegma Inscriptions”, in Allen et al. 2016, 68-137.
Bitsakis, Y. and A. Jones. 2016b. “The Inscriptions of the Antikythera Mechanism 5: The Back Cover Inscription”, in Allen et al. 2016, 217-249.
Blinkenberg, Chr. 1938. Lindiaka VIII. Deux documents chronologiques rhodiennes (Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs virksomhed. Archaeologisk-kunsthistoriske Meddelelser II, 4). Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard.
Boeckh, A. 1821. Pindari opera quae supersunt, vol. 2, part 2. Leipzig: Ioann. August. Gottlob Weigel.
Boeckh, A. 1855. Zur Geschichte der Mondcyclen der Hellenen. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner.
Boëthius, A. 1922. Der argivische Kalender (Filosofi Språkvetenskap och Historiska Vetenskaper 1). Uppsala: A.-B. Akademiska Bokhandeln.
Börker, Ch. 1978. “Der rhodische Kalender”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 31, 193-218.
Bosnakis, D. and K. Hallof. 2005. “Alte und neue Inschriften aus Kos II”, Chiron 35, 219-271.
Bresson, A. 1999. “Rhodes and Lycia in Hellenistic Times”, in V. Gabrielsen, T. Engberg-Pedersen, L. Hannestad and J. Zahle (eds) Hellenistic Rhodes: Politics, Culture, and Society (Studies in Hellenistic Society 9), 98-131. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.
Cantor, M. 1880. Vorlesungen über Geschichte der Mathematik, vol. 1, Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1200 n. Chr. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner.
Carman, Chr. and M. Di Cocco. 2016. “The Moon Phase Anomaly in the Antikythera Mechanism”, Institute for the Study of the Ancient World Papers 11: <http://doi.org/2333.1/3ffbgd1v>.
Carman, Chr. and J. Evans. 2014. “On the Epoch of the Antikythera Mechanism and Its Eclipse Predictor”, Archive for History of Exact Sciences 68.6, 693-774.
Carman, Chr., A. Thorndike and J. Evans. 2012. “The Pin-and-Slot Device of the Antikythera Mechanism, with a New Application to the Superior Planets”, Journal of the History of Astronomy 43.1, 93-116.
Christesen, P. 2007. Olympic Victor Lists and Ancient Greek History. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press.
Clay, C. 1982. “Die Münzprägung des Kaisers Nero in Rom und Lugdunum”, Numismatische Zeitschrift 96, 7-52.
Collignon, M. 1883. “Inscription de Rhodes”, Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 7, 96-99.
Crawford, M.H. (ed). 1996. Roman Statutes, 2 vols. (Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies Supplement 64). London: Institute of Classical Studies.
Darmezin, L. 1999. Les affranchissements par consécration en Béotie et dans le monde grec hellénique (Études anciennes 22). Nancy: Association pour la diffusion de la recherche sur l'antiquité.
Debord, P. 2001. “Sur quelques Zeus Cariens: Religion et politique”, Studi Ellenistici 13, 19-37.
Dever, W.G. 1993. “Preliminary Excavation Reports: Sardis, Paphos, Caesarea Maritima, Shiqmim, ῾Ain Ghazal”, The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 51, 1-43.
Diehls, H. and A. Rehm. 1904. “Parapegmenfragmente aus Milet”, Sitzungsberichte der Koeniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1904.3, 92-111.
Dittenberger, W. 1887. De sacris Rhodiorum commentatio. Vol. II., III. De cultu Iovis et Minervae, in Index scholarum in Universitate litteraria Fridericiana Halensi cum Vitebergensi consociata per aestatem anni MDCCCLXXXVII a die XV aprilis usque ad diem XV augustii publice privatimque habendum 1887, III-XVI.
Dragoni, G. 1979. Eratostene e l’apogeo della scienza greca (Studi di storia antica 4). Bologna: CLUEB.
Edmunds, M. and Ph. Morgan. 2000. “The Antikythera Mechanism: Still a Mystery of Greek Astronomy?”, Astronomy and Geophysics 41.6, 10-17.
Erim, K., R. Duru, T. Efe, J. Borchhardt, A. Erkanal, W. Radt, C.H. Greenewalt, V. Sevin and Ch. Le Roy 1989. “Recent Archaeological Research in Turkey”, Anatolian Studies 39, 175-185.
Evans, J. and J. L. Berggren 2006. Geminos’s Introduction to the Phenomena. A Translation and Study of a Hellenistic Survey of Astronomy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Evans, J. and Chr. Carman. 2014. “Mechanical Astronomy: A Route to the Ancient Discovery of Epicycles and Eccentrics”, in N. Sidoli and G. Van Brummelen (eds) From Alexandria, Through Baghdad: Surveys and Studies in the Ancient Greek and Medieval Islamic Mathematical Sciences in Honor of J.L. Berggren, 145-174. Berlin: Springer.
Evans, J. and Chr. Carman. 2019. “Babylonian Solar Theory on the Antikythera Mechanism”, Archive for History of Exact Sciences 73.6, 619-659.
Evans, J., Chr. Carman and A.S. Thorndike. 2010. “Solar Anomaly and Planetary Displays in the Antikythera Mechanism”, Journal for the History of Astronomy 41.1, 1-39.
Farnell, L.R. 1909. The Cults of the Greek States, 5 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Farnell, L.R. 1932. The Works of Pindar, vol. 2, Critical Commentary. London: Macmillan & Company.
Fotheringham, J.K. (ed). 1923. Eusebii Pamphili Chronici canones. Latine vertit, adauxit, ad sua tempora produxit S. Eusebius Hieronymus. London: Humphrey Milford.
Freeth, T. 2002. “The Antikythera Mechanism 2: Is it Posidonius’ Orrery?”, Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 2.2, 45-58.
Freeth, T. 2014. Eclipse Prediction on the Ancient Greek Astronomical Calculating Machine Known as the Antikythera Mechanism. PLOS ONE 9.7: <https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/ journal.pone.0103275>.
Freeth, T. and A. Jones. 2012. The Cosmos in the Antikythera Mechanism. Institute for the Study of the Ancient World Papers 4: <http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-papers/4/>.
Freeth, T., A. Jones, J.M. Steele and Y. Bitsakis. 2008. “Calendars with Olympiad Display and Eclipse Prediction on the Antikythera Mechanism”, Nature 454 (31 July), 614-617 and Supplementary Information, pp. 1-42.
Freeth, T., D. Higgon, A. Dacanalis, L. MacDonald, M. Georgakapoulou and M. Wojcik. 2021. “A Model of the Cosmos in the Ancient Greek Antikythera Mechanism”. Scientific Reports 11, 5821. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84310-w
Frel, J. 1975. “Games on the Rhodian Shore”, Αρχαιολογικὰ Ανάλεκτα εξ Ἀθηνών 8, 77-78.
Gabrielsen, V. 1994. “The Rhodian Associations Honoring Dionysodoros from Alexandria”, Classica et mediaevalia 45, 137-160.
Gabrielsen, V. 2000. “The Synoikized Polis of Rhodes”, in P. Flensted-Jensen, T.H. Nielsen and L. Rubinstein (eds) Polis and Politics: Studies in Ancient Greek History Presented to Mogens Herman Hansen on his Sixtieth Birthday, August 20, 2000, 177-205. Copenhagen: Tusculanum Press.
Gabrielsen. V. 2017. “A New Inscription Attesting to Associations from the Necropolis of Rhodes, with an Appendix by Nicos Christodoulides”, Tyche: Beiträge zur Alten Geschichte Papyrologie und Epigraphik 32, 15-40.
Gallivan, P.A. 1974. “Some Comments on the Fasti for the Reign of Nero”, Classical Quarterly 24, 290-311.
Gauthier, Ph. 1995. “Du nouveau sur les courses aux flambeaux d’après deux inscriptions de Kos”, Revue des Études Grecques 108, 576-585.
Geus, K. 2002. Eratosthenes von Kyrene: Studien zur hellenistischen Kultur- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte (Münchener Beiträge zur Papyrusforschung und antiken Rechtsgeschichte 92). Munich: C.H. Beck.
Giffler, M. 1939. “The Calendar of Cos”, American Journal of Archaeology 43, 445-446.
Grainger, J.D. 2010. The Syrian Wars (Mnemosyne, bibliotheca classica Batava Supplementum 320). Leiden & Boston: Brill.
Habicht, Chr. 2003. “Rhodian Amphora Stamps and Rhodian Eponyms”, Revue des Études Anciennes 105, 541-578.
Hammond, M. 1938. “The Tribunician Day During the Early Empire”, MAAR 15, 23-61.
Hanslik-Andrée, J. 1949. Panamaros. Paulys Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, Band 36,2, Palatinus bis Paranatellonta, 450-455. Waldsee, Württeberg: Alfred Druckenmüller Verlag.
Head, B.V. 1892. Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Ionia (R.S. Poole, ed, Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Museum) London: The Trustees of the British Museum.
Heberdey, R. and A. Wilhelm. 1896. Reisen in Kilikien (Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, philologisch-historische Classe 6). Vienna: Carl Gerold’s Sohn.
Herzog, R. 1928. Heilige Gesetze von Kos (Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 6). Berlin: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Hiller von Gaertringen, F. 1894. “Die Anagraphe der Priester des Apollon Erethimios”, Hermes 29, 16-24.
Hiller von Gaertringen, F. 1895. “Inschriften aus Rhodos”, Mittheilungen des Kaiserlich Deutschen Archaeologischen Instituts, Athenische Abtheilung 20, 377-396.
Hiller von Gaertringen, F. 1926. “Review of A. Maiuri”, Nuova silloge epigrafica di Rodi e Cos, Florence 1925. Gnomon 2, 193-198.
Hiller von Gaertringen, F. 1929. “Rhodische Priesterlisten und Feste”, Archiv für Religionswissenschaft 27, 349-354.
Hiller von Gaertringen, F. 1931. “Rhodos”, in W. Kroll (ed) Paulys Real-Encylopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, Supplementband V, Agamemnon – Statilius, 731-840. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
Hiller von Gaertringen, F. and S. Saridakis. 1900. “Inschriften aus Rhodos”, Mittheilungen des Kaiserlich Deutschen Archaeologischen Instituts, Athenische Abtheilung 25, 107-110.
Hoepfner, W. 2003. Der Koloß von Rhodos und die Bauten des Helios: Neue Forschungen zu einem der sieben Weltwunder. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.
Højte, J. M. 2005. Roman Imperial Statue Bases from Augustus to Commodus. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.
Holleaux, M. 1893. “Sur la chronologie des inscriptions rhodiennes”, Revue de Philologie de littérature et d’histoire anciennes 17, 171-185.
Huin, N. and T. Sparks. 1998. “Arrival and Progression of the Swallow Hirundo Rustica through Britain”, Bird Study 45, 361-370.
Iversen, P.A. 2017. “The Calendar on the Antikythera Mechanism and the Corinthian Family of Calendars”, Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 86, 129-203.
Iversen, P.A. 2020. “The Antikythera Mechanism, Rhodes and Epeiros”, in Ch. Carman and A. Jones (eds) Instruments – Observations – Theories: Studies in the History of Astronomy in Honor of James Evans, 17-38. New York: Institute for the Study of the Ancient World (https://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/61288).
Iversen, P.A. and A. Jones. 2019. “The Back Plate Inscription and Eclipse Scheme of the Antikythera Mechanism Revisited”, Archive for History of Exact Sciences 73.5, 469-511 with erratum, 513-516.
Jackson, S. 1999. “Callimachean Istrus and the Halieia on Rhodes”, Eikasmos: Quaderni Bolognesi di Filologia Classica 10, 119-124.
Jacopi, G. 1932. “Nuove epigrafi dalle Sporadi Meridionali”, Clara Rhodos 2, 165-256.
Jacopi, G. 1932-1933. “La stipe votive”, Clara Rhodos 6-7, 269-375.
Jessen, O. 1912. “Helios”, in W. Kroll (ed) Paulys Real-Encylopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft 15, 58-93. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
Johnston, A. 1977. “Rhodes, Sunny Side Up”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 26, 157-158.
Jones, A. 1999. “Geminos and the Isia”, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 99, 255-267.
Jones, A. 2000. “Calendrica I: New Callippic Dates”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 129, 141-158.
Jones, A. 2017. A Portable Cosmos: Revealing the Antikythera Mechanism, Scientific Wonder of the Ancient World. New York: Oxford University Press.
Jones, A. 2020. The Epoch Dates of the Antikythera Mechanism (With an Appendix on its Authenticity). Institute for the Study of the Ancient World Papers 17: <http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-papers/17/>.
Kaltsas, N., E. Vlachogianni, and P. Bouyia (eds) 2012. The Antikythera Shipwreck: The Ship, the Treasures, the Mechanism. Exhibition Catalogue, National Archaeological Museum, April 2012-April 2013. Athens: Kapon.
Kantzia, Ch. 1989. “Οδός Π. Μελά (ακάλυπτος χώρος μεταξύ των οικοπέδων Ν. Μυλωνά και Κυπριώτη - Νουρή)”, Ἀρχαιολογικὸν Δέλτιον 44, Χρονικά, 480-482.
Karo, G. 1965. “Antikythera”, in, J. du Plat Taylor (ed) Marine Archaeology: Developments During Sixty Years in the Mediterranean, 35-39. London: Hutchinson.
Klaffenbach, G. 1914. Symbolae ad historiam collegiorum artificum Bacchiorum. Berlin: Mayer & Müller.
Kleiner, F. 1978. “Hoard Evidence and the Late Cistophori of Pergamum”, American Numismatic Society Field Notes 23, 77-105.
Köhler, U. 1884. “Exegetisch-kritische Anmerkungen zu den Fragmenten des Antigonos von Karystos”, Rheinisches Museum für Philologie 39, 293-300.
Kolonas, L. 2012. “The 1976 Investigations”, in N. Kaltsas et al. (eds) 2012, 32-34.
Konstantinopoulos, Gr. 1963. “Επιγραφαί εκ Ρόδου”, Ἀρχαιολογικὸν Δέλτιον 18, Μελέται, 1-36.
Konstantinopoulos, Gr. 1966. “Αρχαιολογικαί ανασκαφαί εντός της πόλεως της Ρόδου”, Ἀρχαιολογικὸν Δέλτιον 21, Χρονικά, 438-456.
Kontorini, V.N. 1975. “La concours des Grands Éréthimia à Rhodes”, Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 99, 97-117.
Kontorini, V.N. 1989. Inscriptions inédites relatives à l'histoire et aux cultes de Rhodes au IIe et au Ier s. av. J.-C. (Archeologia Transatlantica 6; Publications d’histoire de l’art et d’archéologie de l’Université catholique de Louvain 42; Inscriptions inedités de Rhodes 2). Louvain-la-Neuve: Institut supérieur d'archéologie et d'histoire de l'art.
Kretschmer, P. 1896. Einleitung in die Geschichte der griechischen Sprache. Göttingen: Vandenhoed und Ruprecht.
Lambert, S.D. 2002. “Parerga II: The Date of the Nemean Games”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 139, 72-74.
Larson, J. 2007. “A Land Full of Gods. Nature Deities in Greek Religion”, in D. Ogden (ed) A Companion to Greek Religion, 56-70. Malden, MA and Oxford: Blackwell.
Laumonier, A. 1958. Les cultes indigènes en Carie (Bibliothèque des Écoles Françaises d’Athènes et de Rome 188). Paris: Éditions de Boccard.
Lehoux, D. 2007. Astronomy, Weather, and Calendars in the Ancient World: Parapegmata and Related Texts in Classical and Near Eastern Societies. Cambridge, UK & New York: Cambridge University Press.
Maiuri, A. 1925. Nuova silloge epigrafica di Rodi e Cos. Florence: Felice Le Monnier.
Malkin, I. 2011. A Small Greek World: Networks in the Ancient Mediterranean. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Martelli, M. 1988. “La stipe votive dell’Athenaion di Jalysos: Un primo bilancio”, in S. Dietz and I. Papachristodoulou (eds) Archaeology in the Dodecanese, 104-120. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark, Department of Near Eastern and Classical Antiquities.
Marthari, M. 2000. Το Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείου της Ίου. Athens: Hypourgeio Politismou.
Mattingly, H.B. 1971. “Some Problems in Second Century Attic Prosopography”, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 20, 26-46.
Meiggs, R. and D.M. Lewis. 1969. A Selection of Greek Historical Inscriptions to the End of the Fifth Century B.C. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Meritt, B.D. 1928. The Athenian Calendar in the Fifth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Meritt, B.D. 1961. The Athenian Year (Sather Classical Lectures 32). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Meritt, B.D. 1964. “Athenian Calendar Problems”, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 95, 200-260.
Meritt, B.D. 1977. “Athenian Archons 347/6 – 48/7 B.C”, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 26, 161-191.
Meritt, B.D. 1981. “Mid-Third-Century Athenian Archons”, Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 50, 78-99.
Mikalson, J.D. 1974. The Sacred and Civil Calendar of the Athenian Year. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Miller, S. 1975. “The Date of the Olympic Festivals”, Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abtheilung 90, 215-231.
Mommsen, A. 1889. “Jahresbericht über die griechischen Sakralaltertümer. 5. Artikel: Rhodos”, Jahresbericht über die Fortschritte der classisischen Altertumswissenschaft 60.3, 409-437.
Moretti, L. 1953. Iscrizioni agonistiche Greche (Studi pubblicati dall’Istituto Italiano per la Storia Antica 12). Rome: Angelo Signorelli.
Moretti, L. 1991. “Dagli Heraia all’Aspis di Argo”, Miscellenea Greca e Romana 16, 179-189.
Morgan, J.D. 1996. “The Calendar and the Chronology of Athens”, American Journal of Archaeology 100, 395.
Morgan, J.D. 1998. “Polyeuktos, the Soteria, and the Chronology of Athens and Delphi”, American Journal of Archaeology 102, 389.
Morgan, Ph. 2002. The Antikythera Mechanism. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, University of Cardiff.
Nietzel, S. 1977. Apions [Glossai Homerikai] (Sammlung griechischer und latinischer Grammatiker 3). Berlin & New York: de Gruyter.
Neugebauer, O. 1975. A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy, 3 vols. (Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences 1). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer.
Nilsson, M.P. 1906. Griechische Feste von religiöser Bedeutung mit Ausschluss der Attischen. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner.
Nilsson, M.P. 1909. Timbres amphoriques de Lindos: Publiès avec une étude sur les timbres amphoriques rhodiens (Exploration archéologique de Rhodes, Fondation Carlsberg, V). Copenhagen: Imprimerie Bianco Luno.
Oikonomidou, M. 2001. “ΝΟΜΙΣΜΑΤΙΚΟΣ «ΘΗΣΑΥΡΟΣ» ΑΝΤΙΚΥΘΗΡΩΝ”, in A. Alexandri and I. Leventi (eds) Καλλίστευμα· Μελέτες προς τιμήντης Ὀλγας Τζάχου-Αλεξανδρή, 541-544. Athens: Hypourgeio Politismou.
Oppermann, H. 1924. Zeus Panamaros (Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche und Vorarbeiten, Bd. 19, Heft 3). Gießen: A. Töpelmann.
Osborne, M.J. 1989. “The Chronology of Athens in the Mid Third Century B.C.”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 78, 209-242.
Osborne, M.J. 2009. “The Archons of Athens 300/299 – 228/7”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 171, 83-99.
Palmer, L.R. 1963. Mycenaean Greek Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Paton, W.R. 1890. “Inscriptions de Rhodes”, Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 14, 275-291
Paton, W.R. and E.L. Hicks. 1891. The Inscriptions of Cos. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Peek, W. 1969. Inschriften von den dorischen Inseln (Abhandlungen der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, Philologisch-historische Klasse 62, Heft 1). Berlin: Akademie Verlag.
Perlman, P. 1989. “The Calendrical Position of the Nemean Games”, Athenaeum 67, 57-90.
Perlman, P. 2000. City and Sanctuary in Ancient Greece: The Theorodokia in the Peleponnese (Hypomnemata 121). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht.
Petzl, G. and E. Schwertheim. 2006. Hadrian und die dionysischen Künstler. Drei in Alexandria Troas neugefundene Briefe des Kaisers an die Künstler-Vereinigung (Asia Minor Studien 58). Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt GMBH.
Pfeiffer, S. 2004. Das Dekret von Kanopos (238 v. Chr.): Kommentar und historische Auswertung eines dreisprachingen Synodaldekretes der ägyptischen Priester zu Ehren Ptolemaios’ III. Und seiner Familie (Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete 18). Munich: K.G. Saur.
Price, D. de Solla. 1974. “Gears from the Greeks. The Antikythera Mechanism: A Calendar Computer from ca. 80 B.C.”, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 64, 1-70.
Pugliese Carratelli, G. 1939-1940. “Per la storia delle associazioni in Rodi antica”, Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente 17-18 (n.s. 1-2), 117-200.
Pugliese Carratelli, G. 1940. “Note su epigrafi di età imperiale I. Onori a Tiberio e ad Antonio Pio”, in R. Andreotti and F. Arnaldi (eds) Studi di antichità classiche offerti da colleghi e discepoli a Emanuele Ciaceri al termine del suo insegnamento universitario, 254-260. Genova: Società anonima Dante Alighieri.
Pugliese Carratelli, G. 1951. “La formazaione dello stato rodio”, Studi Classici e Orientali 1, 77-88.
Pugliese Carratelli, G. 1952-1954. “Supplemento epigrafico rodio”, Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente 30-32 (n.s. 14-16), 247-316.
Pugliese Carratelli, G. 1955-1956. “Nuovo supplemento epigrafico rodio”, Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente 33-34 (n.s. 17-18), 157-181.
Rados, K. 1910. Ναυτικαὶ καὶ Ἀρχαιολογικαὶ Σελίδες. Περὶ τῶν Θησαυρῶν τῶν Ἀντικυθήρων. Athens: Panelleniou Kratous.
Rediadis, P. 1910. “Τὸ ἐξ Ἀντικυθήρων Ἀστρολάβον”, Ἀρχαιολογικὴ Ἐφημερίς 1910, 158-172.
Rehm, A. 1905. Svoronos, Athener Nationalmuseum. Unpublished paper in a folder entitled “Studien zu Astrolabe von Antikythera” and archived as “Rehmiana III/9” at the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich, 1-7.
Rehm, A. 1906. Astronomische Instrumente der Alten. Unpublished paper archived as “Rehmiana III/7” at the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich, 1-31.
Rehm, A. 1907. Review of P. Rediadis, Der Astrolabos von Antikythera, translated by W. Barth, Athens 1903. Philologische Wochenschrift 27, 467-470.
Reger, G. 1994. “The Political History of the Kyklades 260-200 B.C.”, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 43, 32-69.
Reinach, S. 1904. “Inscriptions des iles (Ios, Délos, Rhodes, Chypre)”, Revue des Études Grecques 17, 196-214.
Remijsen, S. 2011. “The So-called ‘Crown Games’: Terminology and Context of the Ancient Categories of Agones”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 177, 97-109.
Rigsby, K. 1996. Asylia: Territorial Inviolability in the Hellenistic World (Hellenistic Culture and Society 22). Berkeley, Los Angeles & London: University of California Press.
Robinson, D.M. 1958. “A New Logos Inscription”, Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 27, 74-78.
Ross, L. 1845. Inscriptiones graecae ineditae. Fasciculus III: Insunt lapides insularum Meli, Therae, Casi, Carpathi, Rhodi, Symes, Chalces, Calymnae, Astypalaeae, Amorgi, II. Berlin: Typis Academicis.
Ryan, F.X. 2010. “The Dates Indicated by the Two Deadlines in the Decree on the Stala of Athana Lindia”, in G. Reger, F.X. Ryan and T.F. Winters (eds) Studies in Greek Epigraphy and History in Honor of Stephen V. Tracy (Ausonius Éditions 26), 327-354. Paris & Bordeaux: Éditions de Boccard.
Samuel, A. 1972. Greek and Roman Chronology: Calendars and Years in Classical Antiquity (Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft I.7). Munich: C.H. Beck.
Schäfer, J. 1912. De Iove apud Cares Culto. Dissertation, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg.
Schwyzer, E. 1953. Griechische Grammatik auf der Grundlage von Karl Brugmanns griechischer Grammatik, Band I, Allgemeiner Teil. Lautlehre Wortbildung. Flexion. Munich: C.H. Beck.
Segre, M. 1944-1945. “Tituli Calymnii”, Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente 22-23 (n.s. 6-7), 1-250.
Segre, M. 1949. “L’oracolo di Apollo Pythaeus a Rodi”, La Parola del Passato; Revista di Studi Antichi 4, 72-82.
Segre, M. 1951. “Rituali rodii di sacrifici”, La Parola del Passato; Revista di Studi Antichi 6, 139-153.
Segre, M. 1993. “Iscrizioni di Cos (Monografie della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente 6). Rome: L’Erma di Bretschneider.
Segre, M. and G. Pugliese Carratelli. 1949-1951. “Tituli Camirenses”, Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente 27-29 (n.s. 11-13), 141-318.
Staïs, V., Chr. Tsountas, K. Kourouniotis and P. Kavvadias. 1902. “Τὰ εὐρήματα τοῦ ναυγίου τῶν Ἀντικυθήρων”, Ἀρχαιολογικὴ Ἐφημερίς 1902, 146-172.
Stobbe, H.F. 1873. “Die Tribunenjahre der römischen Kaiser”, Philologus 32, 1-91.
Svoronos, I.N. 1903. Ὁ θησαῦρος τῶν Ἀντικυθήρων. Athens: Beck & Barth.
Throckmorton, P. 1970. Shipwrecks and Archaeology: The Unharvested Sea. Boston & Toronto: Little, Brown and Company.
Toomer, G. J. 1988. “Hipparchus and Babylonian Astronomy”, in E. Leichty, M. de J. Ellis and P. Gerardi, (eds) A Scientific Humanist: Studies in Memory of Abraham Sachs (Occasional Publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund 9), 353-365. Philadelphia: The University of Pennsylvania Museum.
Trümpy, C. 1989. “Nochmals zu den Mykenischen Fr-Taefelchen. Die Zeitangaben innerhalb der Pylischen Oelrationenserie”, Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici 27, 191-234.
Trümpy, C. 1997. Untersuchungen zu den altgriechischen Monatsnamen und Monatsfolgen (Bibliothek der klassischen Altertumswissenschaften, ser. 2, vol. 98). Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter.
Tselekas, N. 2012. “The Coins”, in N. Kaltsas et al. (eds) 2012, 216-226.
Van der Waerden, 1960. “Greek Astronomical Calendars and Their Relation to the Athenian Civil Calendar”, JHS 80, 168-180.
Van der Waerden, 1984. “Greek Astronomical Calendars II.. Callippos and His Calendar”, Archive for History of Exact Sciences 29, 115-124.
Van Gelder, H. 1900. Geschichte der alten Rhodier. Haag: Martinus Nijhof.
Vollgraff, W. 1916. “Novae inscriptiones Argivae”, Mnemosyne 44, 219-238.
Weinberg, G.D., V.R. Grace, G.R. Edwards, H.S. Robinson, P. Throckmorton and E. Ralph. 1965. “The Antikythera Shipwreck Reconsidered”, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 55, 3-48.
Wilamowitz-Moellendorf, U. von. 1922. Pindaros. Berlin: Weidmann.
Wilamowitz-Moellendorf, U. von. 1931-1932. Der Glaube der Hellenen, 2 vols. Berlin: Weidmann.
Williamson, Ch. 2009. “Panamara. The (Mis)fortunes of a Karian Sanctuary”, Groniek 42 (183), 211-218.
Wright, M.T. 2002a. “A Planetarium Display for the Antikythera Mechanism”, Horological Journal 144.5, 169-173.
Wright, M.T. 2002b. “Antikythera Error”, Horological Journal 144.6, 193.
Wright, M.T. 2005. “The Antikythera Mechanism: A New Gearing Scheme”, Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument Society 85 (June Issue), 2-7.
Wright, M.T. 2006. “The Antikythera Mechanism and the Early History of the Moon-Phase Display”, Antiquarian Horology 30, 319-329.
Wright, M.T. 2012. “The Front Dial of the Antikythera Mechanism”, in T. Koetsier and M. Ceccarelli (eds) Explorations in the History of Machines and Mechanisms: Proceedings of HMM 2012, 279-292. Dordrecht, Netherlands and New York: Springer.
Wright, M.T. 2013. “The Antikythera Mechanism: Compound Gear-Trains for Planetary Indications”, Almagest: International Journal for the History of Scientific Ideas 4.2, 4-31.
Yalouris, N. 1990. “The Shipwreck of Antikythera: New Evidence of its date after Supplementary Investigation”, in J-P. Descoeudres (ed) Eumousia: Ceramic and Iconographic Studies in Honour of Alexander Cambitoglou (Mediterranean Archaeology Supplement 1), 135-136. Sydney: Meditarch.
Zafeiropoulou, M. 2012. “Old and New Fragments of the Antikythera Mechanism and Inscriptions”, in Kaltsas, N., E. Vlachogianni, and P. Bouyia (eds) 2012, 241-248.
Zervoudaki, I.E. 1975. “Ήλιος και Αλίεια”, Ἀρχαιολογικὸν Δέλτιον 30, Μελέται, 1-20.
Zervoudaki, I.E. 1983. “ΜΑΥΣΣΩΛΛΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΛΙΕΙΑ”, Ἀρχαιολογικὸν Δέλτιον 38, Μελέται, 249-257.
Zimmer, G. and K. Baïrami. 2008. “Ῥοδιακά Ἐργαστήρια Χαλκοπλαστικής: Ῥόδος II”, (Δημοσιεύματα του Αρχαιολογικού Δελτίου 98). Athens: Hypourgeio Politismo.
Zink, G. 1969. “The Migrations of European Swallows Hirudo Rustica to Africa from Data Obtained Through Ringing in Europe”, Journal of African Ornithology 40.1, 211-222.
Zusanek, H. 1996. Rhodos und Helios. Mythos, Topos und Kultentwicklung. 2nd Edition. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.