The Catholic Communities of the Aegean Archipelago during the Greek Revolution, 1821–1830


Published: Jan 7, 2022
Keywords:
Greek Revolution Catholics Ottoman Empire Maritime history Island communities
Dimitris Kousouris
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8618-2375
Abstract

The Catholics of the Aegean islands represent a rather neglected subject in the story of the Greek War of Independence. As these communities enjoyed a large degree of autonomy from the Sublime Porte, were under French protection and participated in the global network of the Catholic Church, their integration into the Greek state was difficult. The frictions between insurgents and island Latins, the attempts of the Greek government to impose its authority, the efforts of those communities to mobilise their regional and international networks in order to maintain autonomy and their ultimate acceptance of the description “Greeks of the Western Church” attributed to them by the insurgents demonstrates that the making of the Greek nation was an open-ended process, providing valuable insights into the transition from a prenational/extraterritorial conception of sovereignty to a national/territorial one.

Article Details
  • Section
  • I. THE CONSOLIDATION OF REVOLUTIONARY GREECE
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Author Biography
Dimitris Kousouris, University of Vienna

Dimitris Kousouris studied history and archaeology at the University of Athens (2000) and pursued his postgraduate studies in the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris, where he received a master’s degree (2003) and a PhD in history (2009). His doctoral dissertation examines the postwar (1944-1949) legal purge of the Greek collaborators as an individual case within the framework of the European postwar nation (re-)building process. Since 2015, he is a university assistant in the Institute of Byzantine Studies and Modern Greek Studies of the University of Vienna.

References
Albera, Dionigi, and Maria Couroucli, eds. Sharing Sacred Spaces in the Mediterranean: Christians, Muslims, and Jews at Shrines and Sanctuaries. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2012.
Argenti, Philip P. The Religious Minorities of Chios: Jews and Roman Catholics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.
Asdrachas, Spyros. “Το ελληνικό Αρχιπέλαγος: μια διάσπαρτη πόλη” [The Greek archipelago: a scattered city]. In Χάρτες και χαρτογράφοι του Αιγαίου Πελάγους [Maps and cartographers of the Aegean Sea], ed. Anna Avramea, Vasilis Sfyroeras and Spyros I. Asdrachas, 235–48. Athens: Olkos, 1985.
Assimakis, Ioannis. H πορεία των σχέσεων Ελλάδος–Αγίας Έδρας (1820–1980) [The course of relations between Greece and the Holy See, 1820–1980]. Thessaloniki: Apostolic Vicariate of Thessaloniki, 2007.
Barkan, Elazar, and Karen Barkey, eds. Choreographies of Shared Sacred Sites: Religion, Politics, and Conflict Resolution. New York: Columbia University Press, 2014.
Chadwick, Owen. A History of the Popes, 1830–1914. Oxford: Clarendon, 2003.
Daskalakis, Apostolos. Κείμενα–πηγαί της ιστορίας της Ελληνικής Επαναστάσεως [Articles–sources of history of the Greek Revolution]. Athens: Kleisiounis, 1967.
Delendas, Ιoannis. Οι καθολικοί της Σαντορίνης: Συμβολή στην ιστορία τών Κυκλάδων [The Catholics of Santorini: Contribution to the history of the Cyclades]. Athens: Kalos Typos, 2019. First published 1949.
Delis, Apostolos. “A Hub of Piracy in the Aegean: Syros During the Greek War of Independence.” In Corsairs and Pirates in the Eastern Mediterranean: Fifteenth–Nineteenth Centuries, ed. Gelina Harlaftis, Dimitris Dimitropoulos and David. J. Starkey, 41–54. Athens: Sylvia Ioannou Foundation, 2016.
Dialla, Ada, and Alexis Heraclides. Humanitarian Intervention in the Long Nineteenth Century: Setting the Precedent. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2015.
Dimakopoulos, Georgios. “Η διοικητική οργάνωσις κατά την Ελληνικήν Επανάστασιν 1821–1827: συμβολή εις την ιστορίαν της ελληνικής διοικήσεως” [The administrative organisation during the Greek Revolution, 1821–1827: Contribution to the history of the Greek administration]. PhD diss., Panteion, 1966.
Dimitropoulos, Dimitris. “Pirates During a Revolution: The Many Faces of Piracy and the Reaction of Local Communities.” In Corsairs and Pirates in the Eastern Mediterranean: Fifteenth–Nineteenth Centuries, ed. Gelina Harlaftis, Dimitris Dimitropoulos and David. J. Starkey, 29–40. Athens: Sylvia Ioannou Foundation, 2016.
Dimitropoulos, Dimitris. “Ένα συριανό κτηματολόγιο του 19ου αιώνα” [A 19th century Syriot cadastre]. In Σύρος και Ερμούπολη: συμβολές στην ιστορία του νησιού, 15ος–20ός αι. [Syros and Ermoupoli: contributions to the history of the island, 15th–20th centuries], ed. Christina Agriantoni and Dimitris Dimitropoulos, 55–75. Athens: Institute of Historical Research, 2008.
Dimitropoulos, Dimitris. “Το δικαίωμα προτίμησης στα νησιά του Αιγαίου: Επιπτώσεις και προσαρμογές κατά τη διάρκεια της οθωμανικής περιόδου” [The right of first refusal in the Aegean islands: implications and adjustments during the Ottoman period]. Ta Istorika 33 (2000): 205–28.
Dimitropoulos, Dimitris. Μαρτυρίες για τον πληθυσμό των νησιών του Αιγαίου, 15ος–αρχές 19ου αιώνα [Testimonies about the population of the Aegean islands, 15th–early 19th century]. Athens: Centre for Neohellenic Research, 2004), 56–63.
Drakakis, Andreas. “Ν. Φαζιώλης: ένας Έλλην Κοντοτιέρος στα χρόνια της Ελληνικής Επαναστάσεως” [N. Faziolis: A Greek condottiero during the Greek Revolution]. Kykladika 7 (1958): 3–21.
Drakakis, Andreas. “Ν. Φαζιώλης: ένας Έλλην Κοντοτιέρος στα χρόνια της Ελληνικής Επαναστάσεως” [N. Faziolis: A Greek condottiero during the Greek Revolution]. Kykladika 8 (1958): 23–37.
Drakakis, Andreas. Η Σύρος επί Τουρκοκρατίας [Syros during Turkish rule]. Vol. 1. Ermoupoli: Tharros, 1948.
Drakakis, Andreas. Ιστορία του οικισμού της Ερμουπόλεως (Σύρας) [History of the settlement of Ermoupoli (Syros)]. Vol. 2. Athens: s.n., 1983.
Filimon, Ioannis. Δοκίμιον ιστορικόν περί της Ελληνικής Επαναστάσεως [Historical essay on the Greek Revolution]. Vol. 3. Athens: Soutsas and Ktenas, 1860.
Frazee, Charles A. Catholics and Sultans: The Church and the Ottoman Empire, 1453–1923. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Hasluck, F.W. “Depopulation in the Aegean Islands and the Turkish Conquest.” Annual of the British School at Athens 17 (1910–11): 151–81.
Hofmann, Georg. Das Papsttum und der griechische Freiheitskampf (1821–1829): Quellenausgabe mit Einführung. Rome: Pontificum Institutum Orientalium Studiorum, 1952.
Hofmann, Georg. Vescovadi cattolici della Grecia. Rome, Pontificum Institutum Orientalium Studiorum, 1934–1941.
Hofmann, Georg. Vescovadi Cattolici della Grecia. Vol. 3. Syros. Rome: Pontificum Institutum Orientalium Studiorum, 1937.
Ioannou, Κrateros. Διεθνές δίκαιο και ελληνική εξωτερική πολιτική [International law and Greek foreign policy]. Komotini: Sakkoulas, 1989.
Jourdain, Jean Philippe. Mémoires historiques et militaires sur les événements de la Grèce depuis 1822 jusqu’au combat de Navarin. Paris: Brissot-Thivars, 1828.
Karachristos, Yannis. “Μετανάστευση Συριανών στην Κωνσταντινούπολη (1759–1818)” [Migration of Syriots to Istanbul, 1759–1818]. In Η Ελλάδα των νησιών από την Φραγκοκρατία ως σήμερα [The Greece of the islands from Frankish rule to today], ed. Asterios Argyriou, 161–71. Athens: Ellinika Grammata, 2004.
Korais, Adamantios. Αλληλογραφία. Vol. 4. 1817–1822. Athens: Omilos Meletis Neoellinikou Diaforismou, 1982.
Kotaridis, Nikos G. Περί της επαναστάσεως των λεγομένων ελλήνων: Η μαρτυρία του ιερομόναχου Γεράσιμου (1836) [On the revolution of the so-called Greeks: The testimony of the hieromonk Gerasimos (1836)]. Athens: Opportuna, 2017.
Krstić, Tijana. Contested Conversions to Islam: Narratives of Religious Change in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2011.
Loukos, Christos. “Η Επανάσταση του 1821: από κυρίαρχο αντικείμενο έρευνας και διδασκαλίας, στην υποβάθμιση και σιωπή” [The 1821 revolution: from the dominant subject of research and teaching to degradation and silence]. In Ιστοριογραφία της νεότερης και σύγχρονης Ελλάδας, 1833–2002: Πρακτικά [Historiography of modern and contemporary Greece, 1832–2002: proceedings], ed. Paschalis M. Kitromilides and Triantafyllos E. Sklavenitis, 579–94. Athens: Centre for Neohellenic Research, 2004.
Manikas, Konstantinos. “Σχέσεις ορθοδοξίας και ρωμαιοκαθολικισμού κατά τη διάρκεια της Επαναστάσεως (1821–1827)” [Relations between Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism during the Revolution, 1821–1827]. PhD diss., University of Athens, 2001.
Mazower, Mark. “Villagers, Notables and Imperial Collapse: The Virgin Mary on Tinos in the 1820s.” in Networks of Power in Modern Greece: Essays in Honor of John Campbell, ed. Mark Mazower, 69–88. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008.
Mylonakis, Leonidas. “Transnational Piracy in the Eastern Mediterranean, 1821–1897.” PhD diss., University of California San Diego, 2018.
Pégues, Abbè. Histoire et phénomènes du volcan et des îles volcaniques de Santorin suivis d’un coup d’oeil sur l’état moral et religieux de la Grèce moderne. Paris: Imprimerie Royale, 1862.
Rocca, Della. Traité complet sur les abeilles, avec une méthode nouvelle de les gouverner telle qu’elle se pratique à Syra, île de l’archipel. Paris: Bleuet, 1790), 1:77–78.
Schmitt, Oliver Jens. Levantiner: Lebenswelten und Identitäten einer ethnokonfessionellen Gruppe im osmanischen Reich im “langen 19. Jahrhundert”. Munich: Oldenbourg, 2005.
Schulz, Oliver. Ein Sieg der zivilisierten Welt? Die Intervention der europäischen Grossmächte im griechischen Unabhängigkeitskrieg (1826–1832). Münster: LIT, 2011.
Slot, Ben. Archipelagus Turbatus: Les Cyclades entre colonisation latine et occupation ottomane, c. 1500–1718. Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archeologisch Instituut, 1982.
Stewart, Charles. “Dreaming of Buried Icons in the of Greece.” in Networks of Power in Modern Greece: Essays in Honor of John Campbell, ed. Mark Mazower, 89–108. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008.
Themeli-Katifori, Despina. “Καταδρομή και πειρατεία κατά την Επανάσταση του 1821: Φαινόμενα οικονoμικών και κοινωνικών μετασχηματισμών” [Privateering and piracy during the 1821 Revolution: Phenomena of economic and social transformations]. Parousia 5 (1987): 239–54.
White, Joshua M. Piracy and Law in the Ottoman Mediterranean. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2017.
Zei, Eleftheria. Visages et visions d’insularité: L’île de Paros dans l’archipel grec pendant la première moitié du XVIIIe siècle. Istanbul: Isis, 2017.
Most read articles by the same author(s)