Discourse and Mediation: A Historical Overview of Theoretical Narratives and Research Agendas


Published: Jul 25, 2025
Keywords:
mediation, textuality, discourse, digital governance
Lilie Chouliaraki
Abstract

 


This article examines key conceptualizations of discourse that have shaped scholarly analyses of mediation, communicative networks, and practices of digital modernity across the social sciences and humanities throughout the 20th century. It traces four influential frameworks through which discourse has been appropriated: (1) discourse as communicative power, (2) discourse as popular empowerment, (3) discourse as the textualization of power, and (4) discourse as symbolic power. These frameworks reveal distinct analytical orientations to the political and popular dimensions of mediation, and reflect varying understandings of the power of discourse as shaped through language and visuality in the construction of social realities. The article concludes by briefly addressing how these conceptualizations of discourse and power are being reconfigured in the context of machine learning, algorithmic mediation, and big data in the digitized landscape of the 21st century.

Article Details
  • Section
  • Articles
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Author Biography
Lilie Chouliaraki, LSE

Chair in Media and Communications in the Department of Media and Communications at LSE

References
Baker, P., Gabrielatos, C., Khosravinik, M., Krzyżanowski, M., McEnery, T., & Wodak, R. (2008). A useful methodological synergy? Combining Critical Discourse Analysis and corpus linguistics to examine discourses of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK press. Discourse & Society, 19(3), 273-306.
Baudrillard, J. (1983). Simulations. Semiotexte.
Baudrillard, J. (1988). The ecstacy of communication. In H. Foster (Ed.), The anti-aesthetic: Essays on postmodern culture. New Press.
Baudrillard, J. (1994). Simulacra and simulation (Sheila Faria Glaser, Trans.). University of Michigan Press.
Bell A., & Garrett, P. (Eds.) (1998) Approaches to media discourse. Blackwell.
Calhoun, C. (1995). Critical social theory. Blackwell.
Calhoun, C., Gerteis, J., Moody, J., & Pfaff, S. (Eds.). (2002). Contemporary sociological theory (Blackwell Readers in Sociology). Blackwell.
Cheng, W. (2011). Exploring corpus linguistics: Language in action. Routledge.
Chouliaraki, L. (2008). Mediation as moral education. Media, Culture and Society, 30(6), 831–852.
Chouliaraki, L. (2010). Discourse and Mediation. In S. Allan (Ed.), Rethinking Communication: Keywords in Communication Research. Hampton Press.
Chouliaraki, L., & Fairclough, N. (1999). Discourse in late modernity. Edinburgh University Press.
Chouliaraki, L., & Fairclough, N. (2004). The critical analysis of discourse. Critical strategies for social research, 262-271.
Christensen, G. (2024). Three concepts of power: Foucault, Bourdieu, and Habermas. Power and Education, 16(2), 182-195.
Crossley, M., & Roberts, M. (Eds.). (2004). After Habermas: New perspectives on the public sphere. Blackwell.
Curran J., Morley D., & Walkerdine, V. (Eds.) (1996). Cultural studies and communications Arnold L.
Derrida, J. (1976). Of grammatology (G. C. Spivak, Trans.). Johns Hopkins University Press.
Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and social change. Polity Press.
Fairclough, N. (1995). Media discourse. E. Arnold.
Fairclough, N., & Wodak, R. (1997). Critical Discourse Analysis. In T. van Dijk (Ed.), Introduction to discourse analysis. Sage.
Fiske, J. (1987). Television culture. Routledge.
Fiske, J. (1991). Moments of television: Neither the text nor the audience. In E. Seiter, H. Borchers, G. Kreutzner, & E.-M. Warth (Eds.), Remote control: Television audiences and cultural power. Blackwell.
Foucault, M. (1980). Truth and power and two lectures. In C. Gordon (Ed.), Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972–1977. Pantheon.
Forchtner, B., & Wodak, R. (2017). Critical Discourse Studies: A critical approach to the study of language and communication. In The Routledge handbook of language and politics (pp. 135-150). Routledge.
Garrett, P., & Bell, A. (1998). Introduction. In A. Bell & P. Garrett (Eds.), Approaches to media discourse. Blackwell.
Giddens, A. (1987). Social theory today. Stanford University Press. L.
Grossberg, L. (1996). Identity and cultural studies: Is that all there is?. In S. Hall. & P. du Gay (Eds.), Questions of Cultural Identity (pp. 87-107).
Habermas, J. (1980). Discourse ethics: Notes on philosophical justification. In Moral consciousness and communicative action. MIT Press.
Habermas, J. (1988). The structural transformation of the public sphere. MIT Press.
Habermas, J. (1990). On the logic of the social sciences. MIT Press.
Habermas J. (1997). Modernity: An unfinished project. In M.O. d’Entreves & S. Benhabib (Eds.), Habermas and the unfinished project of modernity. MIT Press.
Habermas, J. (2023). Toward a rational society. In Social Theory Re-Wired (pp. 285-290). Routledge.
Hall, S. (2001). Encoding/decoding. In M. D. Durham & D. Kellner (Eds.), Media and cultural studies: Keyworks. Blackwell.
Hall, S. (1982). The return of the repressed. In M. Gurevitch T. Bennett, J. Curran, & J. Woollacott (Eds.), Culture, society and the media. Methuen.
Hall, S. (1996). How needs identity? In S. Hall. & P. du Gay, (Eds) Questions of cultural identity. Sage.
Kellner, D. (2003). Jean Baudrillard. In G. Ritzer (Ed.), The Blackwell companion to contemporary social theorists (pp. 310-331). Blackwell.
Kress, G., & van Leeuwen, T. (1996). Reading images: The grammar of visual design. Arnold.
Kress, G., & van Leeuwen, T. (2001). Multimodal discourse: The modes and media of contemporary communication. Arnold.
Kristeva, J. (1980). The bounded text. In L. Roudiez (Ed.), Desire in language: A semiotic approach to literature and art. Columbia University Press.
Laba, N. (2024). Engine for the imagination? Visual generative media and the issue of representation. Media, Culture & Society, online first: 01634437241259950.
Laclau, E., & Mouffe, C. (1985). Hegemony and socialist strategy. Verso.
Lee. B. (1992). Textuality, mediation and public discourse. In C. Calhoun (Ed.), Habermas and the public sphere. MIT Press.
Livingstone, S. (1990/1998). Making sense of television: The psychology of audience interpretation. Routledge.
Livingstone, S., & Stoilova, M. (2021). Using global evidence to benefit children’s online opportunities and minimise risks. Contemporary Social Science. https://www1.end-violence.org/?tm=1&subid4=1738011998.0279020000
Livingstone, S., & Lunt, P. (1994). Talk on television: Audience participation and public debate. Routledge.
Luke, A. (2002). Beyond science and ideology critique: Developments in CDA. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 22, 96–110.
McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media. MIT Press.
McRobbie, A. (1994). Postmodernism and cultural studies. Routledge.
Meinhoff, U., & Smith, J. (2000). Intertextuality and the media: From genre to everyday life. Manchester University Press.
Morley, D. (1980). The nationwide audience. British Film Institute.
Morley, D. (1996). Populism, revisionism and the “new” audience research. In J. Curran, D. Morley & V. Walkerdine (Eds.), Cultural studies and communications (pp. 279-305). Arnold.
Peters, J. D. (1999). Speaking into the air: A history of the idea of communication. Chicago University Press.
Potter, J., & Whetherell, M. (1987). Discourse and Social Psychology: Beyond Attitudes and Behaviour. Sage.
Schudson, M. (1978). The ideal of conversation in the study of the mass media. Communication Research, 5(3), 320–329.
Shapiro, M. J. (1989). Textualizing global politics. In J. Der Derian & M. J. Shapiro (Eds.), International/intertextual relations. Lexington Books.
Thiel, T. (2023). A polarizing multiverse? Assessing Habermas’ digital update of his public sphere theory. Constellations, 30(1), 69-76.
Thompson, J. (1995). The media and modernity. Polity Press.
Threadgold, T. (2003). Cultural studies, critical theory and Critical Discourse Analysis: Histories, remembering and futures. Lingvistik Online, 14(3).
Unger, J., Wodak, R., & KhosraviNik, M. (2016). Critical Discourse Studies and social media data. Qualitative Research, 277-293.
van Dijk, T. (1988). News analysis as discourse. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
van Dijk, T. (Ed.) (1997). Introduction to discourse analysis. Sage.
Williams, R. (1976). Keywords: A vocabulary of culture and society. Fontana.
Wodak, R. (1996). Disorders of discourse. Longman.
Wodak, R. (2024). Discourse studies. In Research