| More

Ecological data of Lepidosaphes gloverii (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Greece

Views: 276 Downloads: 215
G.J. Stathas
G.J. Stathas

Abstract


In June 2001 the scale Lepidosaphes gloverii (Packard) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) was found on orange trees in Peloponnesus, Gastouni area, (Southwestern Greece). From the day it was first recorded until August 2003 observations on orange trees were held both in field and laboratory, concerning the biology and ecology of this scale. L. gloνerii infests mainly the upper surface of the leaves and the fruits and less the shoots of the tree. During the period April to August 2002 the scale completed 3 overlapping generations. Female fecundity ranged between 32 and 57 eggs. Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) predators were found to feed upon this scale. In Ju1y 2002 a mass release of those predators took place on infested orange trees. To assess the action of these predators, observations were conducted in both field (by shaking the branches of the trees and counting the number of the predators) and laboratory (by counting the predated scales found on leaves). The release of predators contributed to the decrease of infestation density of trees. C. bipustulatus developed significantly higher populations than R. lophanthae.

Keywords


Chilocorus bipustulaius; fecundity; Greece; Lepidosaphes gloverii; orange trees; phenology; Rhyzobius lophanthae

Full Text:

PDF

References


Argyriou, L.C., 1979a. The present status of integrated control of citrus pests in Greece. Proceedings of Internationa! Symposium of IOBC/WPRS on integrated control in agriculture forestry, Vienna 8,h 12lh, October, 517-520

Argyriou, L.C., 1979b. Zoogeographical consideration of scale insects of citrus in Greece. Biologia Gallo Hellenica, 9: 307-313.

Argyriou, L.C., P.A. Mourikis and K. Matsumoto, 1981. Current status of citrus pests in Greece. Proceedings of the International Society of Citriculture, Vol.e 2, 623-627.

Arias-Reveron, J.M., 1990, Notes on natural enemies attacking Lepidosaphes species (Homoptera: Diaspididae) associated with citrus in Costa Rica. Entomophaga, 35: 301-303.

Benassy, C. and P. Brun, 1989. Encarsia elongata Dozier (Hym.: Aphelinidae) a new entomophagous species introduced in France among the citrus scale insects. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversheit Gent., 54: 861-865.

Bruwer, I.J. and A.S. Schoeman, 1988. Massateling van die langmosseldopluis, Insulaspis gloverii (Packard) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 51: 165-170.

Bruwer, I.J. and A.S. Schoeman, 1990. Key factor analysis of two populations of the long mussel scale, insulaspis gloverii (Packard) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 53: 101-105.

Ceballos, M., M. Henandez, M. Fernandez and E. Garcia, 1998. Aspidiotiphagus lounsburyi (Hymcnoptera: Aphelinidae) a parasitoid of diaspidid

scales on Citrus in Cuba. Revista-de- Proteccion-Vegetal. 1988, 3: 201-208.

Gao, R.X. and Z.A. Ouyang, 1981, Preliminary investigation on parasitic fungi on citrus pests. Weishengwuxue Tongbao, 8: 57-58.

Gomez-Menor Ortega, J. 1937. Coccidos de Espapa. (In Spanish). Instituto de Investigaciones Agronomicas, Estacion, Madrid. 432 pp.

Hall, W.J., 1924. The insect pests of citrus trees in Egypt. Bulletin, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, Technical and Scientific Service 45: 1-29.

Honda, J.Y. and R.F. Luck, 1995. Scale morphology effects on feeding behavior and biological control potential of Rhyzobius lophanthae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Ann. Entomol.Soc. Am. 88: 441-450.

Katsoyannos, P., 1996. Integrated Insect Pest Management for Citrus in Northern Mediterranean Countries. Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 110pp.

Konar, Α., 2001. Insect parasitoids of diaspidid scale insect, Mytilococcus sp. attacking orange in Darjeeling district, West Bengal. Journal of Interacademicia, 567-70.

Koroneos, J., 1934, Les Coccidae de la Grèce: Surtout du pelion (Thessalie). I: Diaspinae. Athènes, 95 pp.

Landi, R., 1977. Lezioni di Metodologia e Tecnica Sperimentale. Cedam, Padova, 234pp.

Lepiney, J. and J,M. Mhneur, 1931. Les coccides du Maroc. (In French). Revue de Pathologie Vignale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France 18: 243-255.

Longo, S., S. Maratta, G. Pellizzari, A. Russo and A. Tranfaglia, 1995. An annotated list of the scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of Italy. Israel Journal of Entomology 29: 113-130.

Rosen, D„ 1990. Armored scale insects. Their biology, natural enemies and control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, vol. 4B, 688 pp.

Smith, D., G.A.C .Beattie and R.H. Broadley, 1997, In: Citrus Pests and their Natural Enemies: Integrated Pest Management in Australia. State of Queensland, Dept. of Primary Industries, and Horticultural Research and Development Corp., Brisbane, Australia. 263 pp.

Stathas, G.J., 2000a. The effect of temperature on the development of the predator Rhyzobius lophanthae and its phenology in Geece. BioControl, 45:439-451.

Stathas, G J., 2000b. Rhyzobius lophanthae Prey consumption and Fecundity. Phytoparasitica, 28 (3): 203-211.

Stathas, G.J., 2001a. Ecological data on predators of Parlatoria per gondii on sour orange trees in southern Greece. Phytoparasitica, 29: 207-214.

Stathas, G . J . , 2001b. Studies on morphology and biology of immature stages of the predator Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (Coleoptera:

Coccinellidae). Anzeiger fUr Schädlingskunde (Journal of Pest Science), 74: 57-59.

Stathas. G.J., Eliopoulos P.A., Kontodimas, D.C. and Siamos D. Th, 2002. Adult morphology and life cycle under constant temperatures of the predator Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (Col,, Coccinellidae). Anzeiger für Schädlingskunde (Journal of Pest Science), 75: 105-109.

Talhouk, A.S., 1975. Citrus pests throughout the world. In: E, Halliger (Editor), Citrus. CIBA - GEIGY Agrochemicals Technical Monograpg No 4, 21-23.

Teran, A.L., M.L. Collado de Manes, S. Glenross, R. Alvarez and H. Lazaro, 1985. Primary and secondary parasitoid Hymenoptera of scale insects, except Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) (Homoptera: Coccoidea), in citrus trees of Tucuman (Argentina). Revista de Investigacion Centro de Investigaciones para la Regulacion de Poblaciones de Organismos, Nocivos Argentina, 3: 25-33.

Viggiani, G. and G. Liotta, 1989. On the introduction in Italy of Encarsia herndoni (Girault) (Hym., Aphelinidae), parasitoid of insulaspis gloverii (Pack) (Homoptera, Diaspididae): preliminary notes. Phytophaga Palermo, No. 3: 79- 81.

Wnolley, IB., M. Rose, P.C. Krauter and D. Rosen 1994. Morphometric comparisons of Aphytis species in the iingnanensis group (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Advances in the study of Aphytis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae),223-244.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2017 G.J. Stathas