Wolbachia – Επαγόμενος αναπαραγωγικός παρασιτισμός και εφαρμογές

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Δημοσιευμένα: янв. 8, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/eh.11597
A. Saridaki
Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Ioannina
K. Bourtzis
Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Ioannina
Περίληψη
Οι συμβιωτικές σχέσεις εντόμων-μικροοργανισμών (και ιδιαίτερα βακτηρίων) είναι ένα ευρέως διαδεδομένο φαινόμενο με ποικίλες συνέπειες στη βιολογία του ξενιστή, θετικές ή αρνητικές. Ένα από τα πιο διαδεδομένα και καλά μελετημένα βακτήρια είναι το βακτήριο Wolbachia. Το βακτήριο Wolbachia είναι ένα υποχρεωτικά ενδοκυττάριο και μητρικά κληρονομούμενο βακτήριο που συμβιώνει με ένα μεγάλο εύρος ειδών ασπόνδυλων όπως ακάρεα, αράχνες, ισόποδα, νηματώδεις της φιλαρίασης και κυρίως έντομα. Μελέτες έχουν δείξει ότι το βακτήριο Wolbachia πιθανώς συμβιώνει με το 70% όλων των ειδών των εντόμων, καθιστώντας το ως τον πιο διαδεδομένο συμβιωτικό οργανισμό του πλανήτη. Οι αλληλεπιδράσεις του βακτηρίου με τον ξενιστή κυμαίνονται μεταξύ της αμοιβαίας συμβίωσης και της επαγωγής αναπαραγωγικών ανωμαλιών όπως θηλυκοποίηση, παρθενογένεση, θανάτωση των αρσενικών ατόμων ή κυτταροπλασματική ασυμβατότητα. Παρά την ευρεία εξάπλωση και τις επιδράσεις του βακτηρίου στη βιολογία του ξενιστή, στην ειδογένεση και στην οικολογική ποικιλότητα, λίγα είναι γνωστά για τους μοριακούς μηχανισμούς της αλληλεπίδρασης του ξενιστή με το συμβιωτικό αυτό βακτήριο. Πρόσφατες μελέτες εστιάζουν στη δυνατότητα ανάπτυξης μεθόδων βιολογικού ελέγχου εντόμων γεωργικής, περιβαλλοντικής ή ιατρικής σημασίας, οι οποίες βασίζονται στις ιδιότητες του βακτηρίου Wolbachia.
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