ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH KARST TERRAINS: THEIR INVESTIGATION. MONITORING, AND MITIGATION AND DESIGN OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES ON KARST TERRAINS

PDF (English)
Δημοσιευμένα: Jan 1, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16679
G. S. Xeidakis
department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace
A. Torok
Department of Engineering Geology and Engineering Materials, Budapest University of Technology and Economics
S. Skias
department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace
B. Kleb
Department of Engineering Geology and Engineering Materials, Budapest University of Technology and Economics
Περίληψη

The design and construction of civil engineering structures in karst regions confronts many problems due to unpredictable location, dimensions and geometry of the karst structure and voids. Karst terrain is one of the most intricate grounds to be assessed for civil engineering purposes. Conventional methods of site exploration like desk studies, site reconnaissance, borings, test pits, geophysical techniques, have their advantages and disadvantages; none of them are 100% accurate; therefore they should be used in concert, adapted to each project, the available budget and the undertaken risk. As not two sides are identical in karst, site investigation should be tailored to each site. Factors that should be considered when designing site investigation in karst are: maturity of karst landforms, depth of the karst features, overburden thickness, lateral extent of the karst features, hydrogeology of the area, laoding, etc. The main problems confronted by engineers designing structures on or in karst terrain are: difficulties in excavation and grading the ground over pinnacled rockheads; collapse of the roof over subsurface voids, subsidence of cover soil over sinkhole, difficulties in founding a structure over an irregular or pinnacled rockhead, loss of water from dam reservoirs, pollution of groundwater, etc. A number of solutions have been practiced by engineers to solve these problems like: relocating the structure on a safer site, filling the voids and the fractures with concrete, improving the foundation ground with grouting and/or geogrids, replacing foundation soil, bridging the voids with rigid mats or
beams, using deep foundations (piling, drilled shafts, etc.), minimizing future sinkhole development by controlling surface and ground water, etc.

Λεπτομέρειες άρθρου
  • Ενότητα
  • Engineering Geology, Hydrogeology, Urban Geology
Creative Commons License

Αυτή η εργασία είναι αδειοδοτημένη υπό το CC Αναφορά Δημιουργού – Μη Εμπορική Χρήση 4.0.

Οι συγγραφείς θα πρέπει να είναι σύμφωνοι με τα παρακάτω: Οι συγγραφείς των άρθρων που δημοσιεύονται στο περιοδικό διατηρούν τα δικαιώματα πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας επί των άρθρων τους, δίνοντας στο περιοδικό το δικαίωμα της πρώτης δημοσίευσης. Άρθρα που δημοσιεύονται στο περιοδικό διατίθενται με άδεια Creative Commons 4.0 Non Commercial και σύμφωνα με την οποία μπορούν να χρησιμοποιούνται ελεύθερα, με αναφορά στο/στη συγγραφέα και στην πρώτη δημοσίευση για μη κερδοσκοπικούς σκοπούς. Οι συγγραφείς μπορούν να: Μοιραστούν — αντιγράψουν και αναδιανέμουν το υλικό με κάθε μέσο και τρόπο, Προσαρμόσουν — αναμείξουν, τροποποιήσουν και δημιουργήσουν πάνω στο υλικό.

Λήψεις
Τα δεδομένα λήψης δεν είναι ακόμη διαθέσιμα.
Αναφορές
Adams, A.L. 2001. A geoelectrical investigation of the freshwater aquifer near the well fields of north Andros Island, Bahamas. Proc. Conf. on "Geotechnical and Environmental Applications of Karst Geology and Hydrology. Beck, B.F. & Herring, J.G. 2001 Balkema Publishers, pp. 341-346.
Beck, B.F. & Herring, J.G. 2001. Geotechnical and Environmental Applications of Karst Geology and Hydrology. Balkema Publishers, 438pp
Beck, B.F., Pettit, A.J. & Herring J.G. 1999 (edrs). Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology of Sinkholes and Karst. Conference proceedings, Chapter 11, Special session on highway karst. Design, Construction and Repair. Balkema, Rotterdam, 478pp.
Beck, B.F. & Stephenson J.B. 1997 (edrs). The Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology of Karst Terraines. Conference proceedings. Balkema, Rotterdam. 516pp.
Beck, B.F. & Pearson, F.M. 1995 (edrs). Karst geohazards. Engineering and Environmental problems in Karst Terrane. Conference proceedings. Balkema, Rotterdam. 582pp
Beck, B.F. 1989 (editor). Engineering and Envirommental impacts of Sinkholes and Karst. Conference proceedings. Balkema, Rotterdam, 384pp.
Beck, B.F. & Sinclair, W.C. 1986. Sinkholes in Florida: an introduction. Institute Report 85-86-4. Florida Sinkhole Research, USA.
Bennett, D. 1997. Finding a foothold. New Civil Engineer (4), 24-25.
Crawford, N. C. 2001. Field Trip Guide, Part I. Environmental problems associated with urban development upon karst, Bowling Green, Kentuky. Proc. Conf. on "Geotechnical and Environmental Applications of Karst Geology and Hydrology. Beck, B.F. & Herring, J.G. 2001 Balkema Publishers, pp. 397-424.
Destephen, R.A. & Wargo, R.H. 1992. Foundation Design in Karst Terrain. Bull. Assoc. Engng Geologists, vol. XXIX {2), pp. 165-173.
Ertunc, A. 2004. Karstic limestone problems of some dams in Turkey. Proc. ljh Intern. Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology. Thessaloniki, Greece, 14-20 April 2004.
Fischer, J.A. & Canace, R. 1989. Foundation Engineering Construction in Karst Terrane. In "Foundation Engineering. Current Principles and Practices". Proc. Conf, Eveston, Illinois, ASCE, USA, 1989, pp. 29-42.
Fookes, P.G. 1997. Geology for engineers: the geological model, prediction and performance.Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 30, 293-424.
Fookes, P.G. & Hawkins, A.B. 1988. Limestone weathering: its engineering significance and a proposed classification scheme. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 21, 7-31.
Ford, D.C. & Williams, P.F. 1989. Karst Geomorphology and Hydrology. Unwin Hyman, London.
Green, M.R., Forth, R.A. & Beaumont, D. 1995. Land subsidence on Magnesian Limestone terrain in County Durham, England. International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 234, 423-431.
Hu, R.L., Yeung, M.R., Lee, CF., Wang, S.S. & Xiang, J.X. 2001. Regional risk assessment of karst collapse in Tangshan, China. Environmental Geology 2001, 40, pp. 1377-1389.
Jennings, J.E. 1966. Building on dolomites in the Transvaal. The Civil Engineer in South Africa,8, 41-62
Kannan, R. C. 1999. Designing foundations around sinkholes. Engineering Geology, 52, 75-82
Lowe, D. & Waltham, T. 2002. Dictionary of karst and caves. British Cave Research Association Cave Studies, 10, 1-40.
Marinos P.G.. 2001.Tunnelling and mining in karstic terrane. An engineering challenge. Keynote Address. Proc. Conf. on "Geotechnical and Environmental Applications of Karst Geology and Hydrology. Beck, B.F. & Herring, J.G. 2001 Balkema Publishers. Chapter 1., pp. 3-16.
Merrit, A.M. 1995. Geotecnical aspects of the design and construction of dams and pressure tunnels in soluble rocks. In Beck, B.F. & Pearson, F.M. 1995 (edrs). Karst geohazards. Engineering and Environmental problems in Karst Terrane. Conference proceedings. Balkema, Rotterdam.
Reith, CM., Cadden, A.W. & Naples, C.J. 1999. Engineers challenged by Mother Nature's twist of geology, In: Beck, B.F., Pettit, A.J. & Herring, J.G. (eds) Hydrology and Engineering Geology of Sinkholes and Karst. Balkema, Rotterdam, 149-155.
Sebela, S., Mihevc, A. & Slabe, T. 1999. The vulnerability map of karst along highways in Slovenia. In: BECK, B.F., PETTIT, A.J. & HERRING, J.G. (eds) Hydrology and Engineering Geology of Sinkholes and Karst. Balkema, Rotterdam, 419-422.
Sowers, G.F. 1996. Building on sinkholes. ASCE Press, USA, 202, pp.
Tharp, T.M. 1999. Mechanics of upward propagation of cover-collapse sinkholes. Engineering Geology, 52, 23-33.
Thomas, B. & Roth, M..J.S. 1999. Evaluation of site characterization methods for sinkholes in Pensylvania and New Jersey. Engineering Geology, 52, 1999, pp. 147-152.
Villard, P., Gourc, J.P. & Giraud, H. 2000. A geosynthetic reinforcement solution to prevent the formation of localized sinkholes. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37, 987-999.
Wagener, F.v.M. 1985. Problems of soils in South Africa: dolomites. The Civil Engineer in South Africa, 27, 395-407.
Waltham, A C & Fookes, P.G. 2003. Engineering classification of karst ground conditions. Q.J Engng Geology and Hydrogeology, 36, pp. 101-118.
White, W.B. 2002. Karst Hydrology: recent development and open questions. Engineering Geology, 65, 2002, pp. 85-105.
Yilmaz, I. 2001. Gypsum/anhydrite: some engineering problems. Bull. Eng. Geol. Env. 2001, 59, pp. 227-230.
Τα περισσότερο διαβασμένα άρθρα του ίδιου συγγραφέα(s)