Syria: double “battlefront” during COVID-19 era

PDF (ελληνικά)
Published: Jun 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/hapscpbs.24962
Antonia-Nefeli Karaleka
University of Athens
Abstract
For many countries, the COVID-19 health crisis has been the biggest challenge of the last decades. However, for Syria it has been included to an already long list of challenges. How did Syria managed the first wave of the pandemic and what were the results? Is the country now more experienced and ready to face a possible second wave of COVID-19? How could Syria have worked more effectively during the last three months and how will it take advantage of this experience to get equipped for the near future. And most importantly, what is the involvement and which are the results of foreign authorities and countries’ involvement? This study will attempt to answer these questions about Syria, a country that has been at the forefront of political developments for the past nine years.
Article Details
  • Section
  • Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Author Biography
Antonia-Nefeli Karaleka, University of Athens
Antonia Nefeli Karaleka is an MA student at the University of Athens. She has completed her parallel studies at the Faculty of Political Science and Public Administration (BA) of the University of Athens and at the Business School (BA in Human Resources Management) of the American College of Greece.
References
Alaaldin, R. (2020). COVID-19 will prolong conflict in the Middle East (online). Διαθέσιμο στο:<https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/04/24/covid- 19-will-prolong-conflict-in-the-middle-east/>(Ανακτήθηκε στις 18/6/2020).
Al-Mounes, M. (2020). A world Redrawn: novelist says Syrians will remain unheard (online). Διαθέσιμο στο: <https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2020/06/14/a-world- redrawn-novelist-says-syrians-will-remain-unheard.html>(Ανακτήθηκε στις 18/6/2020).
Bolder, P. (2020). COVID-19 and World Peace: An Overture to a New Era or Business as Usual? Hague Centre for StrategicStudies.
Bozdaglioglu, Y. (2013). Hegemonic (in)Stability Theory and US Foreign Policy: The Legacy of the Neocons in the Middle East. Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, 13(3):1-12.
Burrows, M. and Engelke, P. (2020). What World Post-COVID-19?: ThreeScenarios. Atlantic Council.
Culebras, I. (2020). Journalists in Syria tell CPJ of fear of humanitarian catastrophe if COVID-19 spreads (online). Διαθέσιμο στο: <https://cpj.org/2020/06/journalists-in- syria-tell-cpj-of-fear-of-humanitarian-catastrophe-if-covid-19-spreads/>(Ανακτήθηκε στις 18/6/2020).
Hubbard, B. (2020). Syria’s economy collapses even as civil war winds to a close (online). Διαθέσιμο στο: <https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/world/middleeast/syria- economy-assad-makhlouf.html>(Ανακτήθηκε στις 18/6/2020).
Kenny, P. (2020). Nearly 8 million Syrians food insecure: UN agency (online). Διαθέσιμο στο: <https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/nearly-8-million-syrians-food- insecure-un-agency/1838436>(Ανακτήθηκε στις 18/6/2020).
McLoughlin, P. (2020). Syria Weekly: Activists claim the regime is embarking a major coronavirus cover-up (online). Διαθέσιμο στο: <https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/indepth/2020/3/22/syria-weekly-activists-allege-a-coronavirus-cover-up-by-regime>(Ανακτήθηκε στις 18/6/2020).
Nexon, D. & Neumann, I. (2018) Hegemonic-order theory: A field-theoretic account.
Relief International (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on Syrian Refugees in Turkey: Results from rapid needs assessment conducted in Istanbul, Izmir, Manisa, Gaziantep, Kilis and Reyhanli. (online). Διαθέσιμο στο: <https://reliefweb.int/report/turkey/impact-covid-19-outbreak-syrian-refugees-turkey-results-rapid-needs-assessment>(Ανακτήθηκε στις 18/6/2020).
The Economist - Intelligence Unit, Democracy Index 2019. Διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.eiu.com/topic/democracy-index (Ανακτήθηκε στις 18/6/2020).
Transparency International (2019). Τhe global coalition against corruption, Corruption Perception Index 2019. Διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2019 (Ανακτήθηκε στις 18/6/2020).
United Nations – COVID-19 Response (2020). UN repeats call for ceasefire as it works to save Middle East from COVID-19 (online). Διαθέσιμο στο: <https://www.un.org/en/un-coronavirus-communications-team/un-repeats-call- ceasefire-it-works-save-middle-east-covid-19>(Ανακτήθηκε στις 18/6/2020).
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) (2020a). Syrian Arab Republic, Recent Developments in Northwest Syria – Situation Report No. 15 (online). Διαθέσιμο στο: <https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/recent- developments-northwest-syria-situation-report-no-15-12-june-2020>(Ανακτήθηκε στις 18/6/2020).
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) (2020b). Syrian Arab Republic: COVID-19 – Humanitarian Update No. 12 (online). Διαθέσιμο στο: <https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Syria_COVID-19_Humanitarian%20Update%20No%2012_14June2020_FINAL.pdf>(Ανακτήθηκε στις 18/6/2020).
World Health Organization (2020). Syrian Arab Republic (online). Διαθέσιμο στο: <https://covid19.who.int/region/emro/country/sy>(Ανακτήθηκε στις 18/6/2020).
World Health Organization - Newsroom (2020). WHO Timeline – COVID-19 (online). Διαθέσιμο στο: <https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-who-timeline--- covid-19>(Ανακτήθηκε στις 18/6/2020).
World Health Organization Coronavirus Disease Dashboard (2020). COVID-19Data
WorldVision, (2020) Syria Crisis Response: COVID-19 Situation Update Syria, Jordan & Turkey – Situation Report No. 3 (online). Διαθέσιμο στο: <https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/syria-crisis-response-covid-19-situation-update-syria-jordan-turkey>(Ανακτήθηκε στις 18/6/2020).
Yüksel, Engin, et al. (2020). Pandemic or Pandemonium?: Covid-19 and Conflict in the Middle East. Clingendael Institute.
Zhang J. (2020). Remarks at Security Council VTC Meeting on Syria (Humanitarian). Διαθέσιμο στο: http://chnun.chinamission.org.cn/eng/hyyfy/t1793241.htm (Ανακτήθηκε στις 23/8/2020).