The Suffering Extremists: Political Behaviour, Civic vs. Party Engagement and Cardiovascular Health from the European Social Survey

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Published: Dec 31, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/hapscpbs.45375
Keywords:
Political orientation Political participation Health outcomes European Social Survey Civic engagement Public health
Håkan Lane
Innovation in Medicine Gbr, Mainz, Germany.
Huda Mirdan
Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey.
Michal Valko
Catholic University in Ruzomberok, Slovakia.
Abstract

Using data from the European Social Survey and applying a range of statistical techniques, this policy brief examines how political orientation and modes of political engagement relate to health outcomes across Europe. The analysis reveals a consistent pattern: individuals positioned at either extreme of the ideological spectrum report poorer health and more unhealthy behaviors, whereas those identifying at the center or moderate left exhibit the most favorable health profiles. Beyond ideology, the form of political participation also matters. Engagement in non‑party political activities, such as civic initiatives or issue‑based actions, is associated with better health outcomes, while participation tied directly to political parties correlates with less advantageous health indicators. Patterns of participation differ across the spectrum: respondents on the left are more active in both party and non‑party politics, centrists participate minimally, and those on the right tend to engage more selectively in party‑related activities. Together, these findings highlight the complex interplay between political identity, modes of engagement, and public health, offering insights for policymakers seeking to strengthen civic life while promoting population well‑being.

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