“I felt I should be there, all these people talking on my behalf without consulting me” Gender, Experience and Expertise in the Irish Mixed Economy of Welfare, 1970–1990s


Published: Apr 15, 2024
Keywords:
Cherish unmarried mother institutionalisation adoption illegitimacy Catholic Church Republic of Ireland feminism stigma shame discrimination poverty
Lindsey Earner-Byrne
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4997-8627
Abstract

In the early 1970s, Cherish, the first support and advocacy group for unmarried mothers run by unmarried mothers, emerged into the mixed economy of welfare in the Irish Republic. The self-help aspect of the organisation was fundamental to its sociopolitical agenda to remove the stigma associated with unmarried motherhood and the legal status of illegitimacy, to secure welfare payments for this group and to reframe Irish understandings of what constituted a legitimate family. This article explores how Cherish reflected and contributed to a particular moment in Irish gender and welfare history, when notions of responsibility, the role of religion and the state were being redefined. It reveals how the organisation engaged with and reshaped the existing mixed economy of welfare by reframing understandings of expertise, challenging inherent moral biases, and broadening the concept of family.

Article Details
  • Section
  • ARTICLES
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Author Biography
Lindsey Earner-Byrne, Trinity College Dublin

Lindsey Earner-Byrne is the Professor of Contemporary Irish History at the School of Histories and Humanities, Trinity College Dublin. She has researched and published widely on modern Irish history with a particular focus on poverty, welfare, gender, sexuality, health and vulnerable and marginalised groups. Most recently she has co-authored a history of Ireland’s abortion journey with Professor Diane Urquhart of Queen’s University Belfast, The Irish Abortion Journey, 1920-2018 (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019). Her other publications include Letters of the Catholic Poor: Poverty in Independent Ireland, 1920-1940 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017) and Mother and Child: Maternity and Child Welfare in Dublin, 1922-60 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2007). She narrated and co-authored the documentary Forgotten: The Widows of the Irish Revolution (RTÉ One, May 2022).

References
Connolly, Linda. The Irish Women’s Movement: From Revolution to Devolution. London: Palgrave, 2003.
Daly, Mary E. “Marriage, Fertility and Women’s Lives in Twentieth-century Ireland.” Women’s History Review 15 (2006): 571–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/09612020500530638.
Earner-Byrne, Lindsey, and Diane Urquhart. The Irish Abortion Journey, 1920–2018. Cham: Palgrave Pivot, 2019.
Earner-Byrne, Lindsey. “The Boat to England: An Analysis of the Official Reactions to the Emigration of Single Expectant Irishwomen to Britain, 1922–1972.” Irish Economic and Social History 30 (2003): 52–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/033248930303000103.
Earner-Byrne, Lindsey. Mother and Child: Maternity and Child Welfare in Dublin, 1922–60. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2007.
Final Report of the Commission of Investigation into Mother and Baby Homes (12 January 2021).
Foley, Deirdre. “‘Their proper place’: Women, Work and the Marriage Bar in Independent Ireland, c. 1924–1973.” Social History 47, no. 1 (2022): 60–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2022.2009692.
Glenn, Alice. “Combat Poverty Agency Bill, 1985 [Seanad]: Second Stage.” Dáil Éireann Debates, vol. 364, no. 1 (25 February 1986). https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1986-02-25/speech/159/.
Grimes, Lorraine. “‘We did what needed to be done’: Cherish, the First Support Group for Unmarried Mothers in Ireland.” Women’s History Review 32, no. 1 (2023): 21–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2022.2088087.
Holohan, Carole. “The Second Vatican Council, Poverty and Irish Mentalities.” History of European Ideas 46, no. 7 (2020): 1009–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/01916599.2020.1747225.
Holohan, Carole. Reframing Irish Youth in the Sixties. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2018.
Daly, Mary E. Sixties Ireland: Reshaping the Economy, State and Society, 1957–1973. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
Inglis, Tom. Truth, Power and Lies: Irish Society and the Case of the Kerry Babies. Dublin: University College Dublin, 2003.
Irishwomen: Chains and Change. The Civil Wrongs of Irishwomen. Dublin: Irish Women’s Liberation Movement, 1971.
Jasper, James M. “Constructing Indignation: Anger Dynamics in Protest Movements.” Emotion Review 6, no. 3 (2014): 208–213. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914522863.
Kelly, Laura. “‘Please help me, I am so miserable!’: Sexual Health, Emotions and Counselling in Teen and Young Adult Problem Pages in late 1980s Ireland.” Medical Humanities 49, no. 2 (2023): 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2021-012350.
Kelly, Laura. “Irishwomen United: The Contraception Action Programme and the Feminist Campaign for Free, Safe and Legal Contraception in Ireland, c.1975–81.” Irish Historical Studies 43, no. 164 (2019): 269–97. https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2019.54.
Levine, June. Sisters: The Personal Story of an Irish Feminist. Dublin: Attic Press, 2009. First published 1982.
McCashin, Anthony. Lone Parents in the Republic of Ireland: Enumeration, Description and Implications for Social Security. Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute, 1993.
McNamara, Kevin. The Family Today. Dublin: Irish Messenger, 1984.
Nell McCafferty, Nell. Penguin: Dublin, 2004.
Nic Ghiolla Phádraig, Máire. “Social and Cultural Factors in Family Planning.” In The Changing Family, 58–97. Dublin: Family Studies Unit, UCD, 1984.
O’Higgins, Kathleen, and Maura Doyle. State Care – Some Children’s Alternative: An Analysis of the Data from the Returns to the Department of Health, Child Care Division, 1982. Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute, 1988.
O’Mahony, Conor. “Proposal for a State Response to Illegal Birth Registration” (30 September 2021). https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/6ff84-proposals-for-a-state-response-to-illegal-birth-registrations-in-ireland/.
Punch, Aidan. “Marriage, Fertility and the Family in Ireland: A Statistical Perspective.” Journal of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland 36 (2006/2007): 193–227. http://hdl.handle.net/2262/23560.
Redmond, Jennifer. Moving Histories: Irish Women’s Emigration to Britain from Independence to Republic. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2018.
Richards, Maura. Single Issue. Dublin: Poolbeg Press, 1998.
Richardson, Valerie. “The Family Life Styles of Some Single Parents in Ireland.” In In and Out of Marriage: Irish and European Experiences, ed. Gabriel Kiely, 70–86. Dublin: Family Studies Centre, UCD, 1992.
Walsh, Brendan M. “Aspects of Labour Supply and Demand with Special Reference to the Employment of Women in Ireland.” Journal of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland 22, no. 3 (1971): 88–123. http://hdl.handle.net/2262/7283.
Walsh, Brendan M. “Marriage in Ireland in the Twentieth Century.” In Marriage in Ireland, ed. Art Cosgrove, 132–50. Dublin: College Press, 1985.
Walsh, Dermot, ed. The Unmarried Mother in the Irish Community: A Report on the National Conference on Community Services for the Unmarried Parent. Kilkenny: Kilkenny Social Services, 1972.
Working Party on Child Care Facilities for Working Parents: Report to the Minister for Labour: March 1983. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1983.
Most read articles by the same author(s)