Role of choline in ruminant nutrition: a detailed review

PDF
Published: Jul 9, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.26914
Keywords:
Choline chloride (C₅H₁₄ClNO) ECM (energy-corrected milk) methionine (Met) phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL).
Sema Yaman Fırıncıoglu YAMAN FIRINCIOGLU
Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University
N Irshad
Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University,Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Department of Animal Production and Technologies,Niğde, Turkey
Abstract

Recent studies designate feed additives, such as rumen-protected choline (RPC), were seen decreasing the health disorders and upsurges the milk yield. Choline is an endogenous agent and the insufficiency of choline is very problematic. The deficiency has been documented in ruminants for a while. The scale of choline production is affected by administered dose, lactation stage, and basal diet composition. Endogenous synthesis through a pathway (PEMT) signifies a precarious source of choline.  High occurrence of fatty liver disease happens in the dairy cows during lactation especially in the periparturient period and to lessen such incident high supply of choline is necessary. This supply is known to decrease the chances of hepatic fatty infiltration and upsurge the countenance of genes tangled in the transport of VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein). RPC typically provided as choline chloride is covered inside a shield of the fatty acid matrix. Therefore, to continue choline susceptibility on important mechanisms, like sparing of a methyl group (–CH3), supporting of animal metabolism, and remethylation of homocysteine via metabolite of betaine; choline must be provided in the rumen-protected form in the ration of dairy cows. Precisely concerning lactation, it is important to note that rumen-protected choline positively affects the performance of animals during the lactation period especially when supplementation started before calving and continues throughout the early lactation. But the difference of commercial products of rumen-protected choline in their rumen degradability and choline content is one of the big problems yet to be resolved.

Article Details
  • Section
  • Review Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

· Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Author Biography
Sema Yaman Fırıncıoglu YAMAN FIRINCIOGLU, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University

Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies,  Department of Animal Production and Technologies,

References
Arshad U, Zenobi MG, Staples CR et al (2020) Metaanalysis of the effects of supplemental rumen-protected choline during the transition period on performance and health of the parous dairy cow. J Dairy Sci 103, 282-300.
Auboiron S, Durand D, Bauchart D, Robert JC, Chapman MJ (1994) Lipoprotein metabolism in the preruminant calf: Effect of a high fat diet supplemented with L-methionine. J Dairy Sci 77, 1870-1881.
Bindel DJ, Drouillard JS, Titgemeyer EC, Ives SE, Wessels RH (1998) Effects of ruminally protected choline and dietary fat on blood metabolites of finishing heifers. J Anim Sci 76, 52.
Bindel DJ, Drouillard JS, Titgemeyer EC, Wessels RH, Loest CA (2000) Effects of ruminally protected choline and dietary fat on performance and blood metabolites of finishing heifers. J Anim Sci 78, 2497-2503.
Brusemeister F, Sudekum KH (2006) Rumen-protected choline for dairy cows: the in situ evaluation of a commercial source and literature evaluation of effects on performance and interactions between methionine and choline metabolism. Animal Research 55, 93-104.
Bryant TC, Rivera JD, Galyean ML, Duff GC, Hallford DM, Montgomery TH (1999) Effects of dietary level of ruminally protected choline on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers and on growth and serum metabolites in lambs. Journal of Animal Science 77,2893-2903.
Castillo et al (2005) Oxidative status during late pregnancy in dairy cows. The Veterinary Journal 169(2), 286-92.
Crosby M, Mendoza-Martinez GD, Relling A, Vazquez-Valladolid A, Lee-Rangel HA, Martinez JA, Oviedo M (2017) Influence of supplemental choline on milk yield, fatty acid profile, and postpartum weight changes in suckling ewes. Journal of Dairy Science 100, 125.
Davidson S, Hopkins BA, Odle J, Brownie C, Fellner V, Whitlow LW (2008) Supplementing limited methionine diets with rumen-protected methionine, betaine, and choline in early lactation Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 91, 1552-1559.
Dawson RMC, Grime DW, Lindsay DB (1981) On the insensitivity of sheep to the almost complete microbial destruction of dietary choline before alimentary-tract absorption. Biochem J 196, 499–504.
De Veth MJ, Artegoitia VM, Campagna SR, Lapierre H, Harte F, Girard CL (2016) Choline absorption and evaluation of bioavailability markers when supplementing choline to lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 9732-9744.
Deuchler KN, Piperova LS, Erdman RA (1998) Milk choline secretion as an indirect indicator of postruminal choline supply. J Dairy Sci 81, 238–242.
Edman RA, (1994): Production responses in field study herds fed rumen protected choline. J Dairy Sci 77, 186.
Elek P, Newbold JR, Gall T, Wagner L, Husventh F (2008) Effects of rumen protected choline supplementation on milk production and choline supply of peri-parturient dairy cows. Anim 2(11), 1595- 1601.
Elsawy et al (2014) Effect of Choline Supplementation on Rapid Weight Loss and Biochemical Variables Among Female Taekwondo and Judo Athletes. Journal of Human Kinetics 40, 77-82.
Emmanuel B, Kennelly JJ (1984) Kinetics of methionine and choline and their incorporation into plasma lipids and milk components in lactating goats. J Dairy Sci 67(9), 1912-8.
Erdman RA (1992) Vitamins. In: Van Horn HH and Wilcox CJ (Ed.), Large Dairy Herd Management. American Dairy Science Assoc, Champaign Ill: pp 297.
Erdman RA, Sharma BK (1991) Effect of dietary rumenprotected choline in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 74, 1641–1647.
Erdman RA, Shaver RD, Vandersall JH (1984) Dietary choline for the lactating cow: Possible effects on milk fat synthesis. J Dairy Sci 67, 410-415.
Esposito G, Irons PC, Webb EC, Chapwanya A (2014) Interactions between negative energy balance, metabolic diseases, uterine health and immune response in transition dairy cows. Animal Reproduction Science 144, 60-71.
Godinez CJ, Cifuentes LO, Cayetano J, Lee RH, Mendoza G, Vázquez A, Roque A (2015) Effect of choline inclusion on lamb performance and meat characteristics. Journal of Animal Science 93, 766.
Habeeb AA, M Gad AE, Atta MAA, Abdel-Hafez MAM (2017) Evaluation of rumen-protected choline additive to diet on productive performance of male growing goats during hot summer season in Egypt. Tropical Animal Health and Production 49, 1107-1115.
Hartwell JR, Cecavqa MJ, Donkin SS (2000) Impact of dietary rumen undegradable protein and rumen-protected choline on intake, peripartum liver triacylglyceride, plasma metabolites and milk production in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 83, 2907–2917.
Humer E, Bruggeman G, Zebeli Q (2019) A MetaAnalysis on the Impact of the Supplementation of RumenProtected Choline on the Metabolic Health and Performance of Dairy Cattle. Animals 9, 566.
Itle AJ, Huzzey JM,Weary DM, Von Keyserlingk MAG (2015) Clinical ketosis and standing behavior in transition cows. J Dairy Sci 98, 128–134.
Janovick Guretzky NA, Carlson DB, Garrett JE, Drackley JK (2006) Lipid metabolite profiles and milk production for Holstein and Jersey cows fed rumen-protected choline during the periparturient period, J Dairy Sci 89, 188–200.
Johnson BC, Mitchell HH, Pinkos JA, Morrill CC (1951) Choline deficiency in the calf. J Nutr 43, 37.
LeBlanc SJ, Herdt TH, Seymour WM, Duffield TF, Leslie KE (2004) Pripartum serum vitamin E, retinol, and beta-carotene in dairy cattle and their associations with disease. J Dairy Sci 87, 609–619.
Luciano P, Michele M, Francesca F, Nicolett R, Marco T, Antone B (2020) The role of micronutrients in high-yielding dairy ruminants: Choline and vitamin E. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 67, 209-214.
Lykos T, Varga GA (1995) Effects of processing method on degradation characteristics of protein and carbohydrate sources in situ. J Dairy Sci 78, 1789.
Neill AR, Grime DW, Snoswell AM, Northrop AJ, Lindsay DB, Dawson RMC (1979) The low availability of dietary choline for the nutrition of the sheep. Biochem J 180, 559–565.
Piepenbrink MS, Overton TR (2000) Liver metabolism and production of periparturient dairy cattle fed rumen-protected choline. J Dairy Sci 83, 257.
Piepenbrink MS, Overton TR (2003) Liver metabolism and production of cows fed increasing amounts of rumen-protected choline during the periparturient period. J Dairy Sci 86, 1722–1733.
Pinotti L, Baldi A, Politis I, Rebucci R, Sangalli L. and Dell’Orto V (2003) Rumen protected choline administration to transition cows: Effects on milk production and vitamin E status. J Vet Med 50, 18–21.
Pinotti L, Campagnoli A, Sangalli L, Rebucci R, Dell’Orto V, Baldi A (2004) Metabolism of periparturient dairy cows fed rumen-protected choline. J Anim Feed Sci 13, 551-554.
Pirestania A, Aghakhania M (2018) The effects of rumen-protected choline and L-carnitine supplementation in the transition period on reproduction, production, and some metabolic diseases of dairy cattle. Journal Of Applied Animal Research 46, 435–440.
Sales J, Homolka P, Koukolová V (2010) Effect of dietary rumen-protected choline on milk production of dairy cows: A meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 93, 3746-3754.
Scheer WA, Lucy MC, Kerley MS. and Spain JN (2002) Effects of feeding soybeans and rumen protected choline during late gestation and early lactation on performance of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 85, 276.
Sharma BK, and Edrman RA (1989) Effects of dietary and abomasally infused choline on milk production responses of lactating dairy cows. J Nutr 119, 248-254.
Sharma BK. and Erdman RA (1988) Effects of high amounts of dietary choline supplementation on duodenal choline flow and production responses of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 71, 2670–2676.
Sun F, Cao Y, Cai C, Li S, Yu C,Yao Y (2016) Regulation of nutritional metabolism in transition dairy cows: energy homeostasis and health in response to post-ruminal choline and methionine. PLoS ONE 11, 160–659.
Tsiplakou E, Mavrommatis A, Kalogeropoulos T, Chatzikonstantinou M, Koutsouli P, Sotirakoglou K, Labrou N, Zervas G (2016) The effect of dietary supplementation with rumen-protected methionine alone or in combination with rumen-protected choline and betaine on sheep milk and antioxidant capacity. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 101, 1004-1013.
Xu G, Ye J, Liu J, Yu Y (2006) Effect of rumen-protected choline addition on milk performance and blood metabolic parameters in transition dairy cows. Asian-Aust. J Anim. Sci 19, 390-395.
Zahra LC, Duffield TF, Leslie KE, Overton TR, Putnam D, LeBlance SJ (2006) Effects of rumen-protected choline and monensin on milk production and metabolism of periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 89, 4808-4818.
Zeisel, SH (2002) Choline: needed for normal development of memory. J Am CollNutr 19, 528S-31S.
Zeisel, SH (1992) Choline: an important nutrient in brain development, liver function and carcinogenesis. J Am CollNutr 11, 473-81.