Methicillin and vancomycin resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis recovered from bovine mastitis


Keywords:
Bovine mastitis VRSA MRSA VRE MDR
H KALATEH RAHMANI
P AMIRI
M EMANEINI
M RAD
B KHORAMIAN
Abstract

Mastitis is the most costly disease in the dairy industry. Selecting the proper antibiotic treatment is beneficial for economic and avoids the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of methicillin and vancomycin resistant isolates of mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis as a probable source of transferable vancomycin resistance to staphylococci. A total of sixty-one Staphylococcus aureus and eight Enterococcusfaecalis isolates were investigated for genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance.Presence of the mecA, vanA and vanBgenes were surveyed by PCR. The MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of vancomycin was determined bybroth microdilution test for all the isolates.Moreover, the antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolates to the most common classes of antibiotics used in dairy cattle such as β-lactam, macrolides and tetracyclines were determinedusing the disk diffusion method. Among Staphylococcus aureus isolates, one MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) isolate was detected while 47.5% of isolates were detected as multidrug-resistant. Furthermore, no phenotypic and genotypicvancomycin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus was found. Most of the Enterococcus faecalis isolates (6/8) showed high MIC for vancomycin (in the range of 128- 1024 μg/ml) and one vanA-type Enterococcus faecalis was observed. This study indicates thatsince the source of transferable resistance to vancomycin exists in dairy farms, there is a potential for emerging and spreading VRSA (vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) in dairy cattle which is a risk to animal and human health.

Article Details
  • Section
  • Research Articles
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Angulo FJ, Heuer OE, Hammerum AM, Collignon P, Wegener HC (2006) Human Health Hazard from Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterococci in Animals and Food. Clin Infect Dis 43:911-916.
Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Tierch M (1968) Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. Am J Clin Pathol 45:493-496.
Bhattacharyya D, Banerjee J, Bandyopadhyay S, Mondal B, Nanda PK, Samanta I, Mahanti A, Das AK, Das G, Dandapat P, Bandyopadhyay S (2016) First Report on Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Bovine and Caprine Milk. Microb Drug Resist 22:675-681.
Clark NC, Cooksey RC, Hill BC, Swenson JM, Tenover FC (1993) Characterization of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci from U.S. hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37:2311-2317.
CLSI (2017) Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 27th ed. CLSI supplement M100.
Courvalin P(2006) Vancomycin Resistance in Gram-Positive Cocci. Clin Infect Dis 42:S25-S34.
Erskine RJ, Walker RD, Bolin CA, Bartlett PC, White DG (2002) Trends in Antibacterial Susceptibility of Mastitis Pathogens During a Seven-Year Period. J Dairy Sci 85:1111-1118.
Gentilini E, Denamiel G, Llorente P, Godaly S, Rebuelto M, DeGregorio O (2000)Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in Argentina. J Dairy Sci 83:1224-1227.
Graber HU, Casey MG, Naskova J, Steiner A, Schaeren W(2007) Development of a Highly Sensitive and Specific Assay to Detect Staphylococcus aureus in Bovine Mastitic Milk. J Dairy Sci 90:4661-4669.
Guimarães FF, Manzi MP, Joaquim SF, Richini-Pereira VB, Langoni H (2017) Short communication: Outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-associated mastitis in a closed dairy herd. J Dairy Sci 100:726-730.
Hata E(2016) Bovine mastitis outbreak in Japan caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus New York/Japan clone. J Vet Diagnostic Investig 28:291-298.
Jamali H, Radmehr B, Ismail S (2014) Short communication: Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine clinical mastitis. J Dairy Sci 97:2226-2230.
Li T, Lu H, Wang X, Gao Q, Dai Y, Shang J, Li M (2017) Molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus causing bovine mastitis between 2014 and 2015. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 7:127.
Murakami K, Minamide W, Wada K, Nakamura E, Teraoka H, Watanabe S (1991) Identification of methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 29:2240-2244.
Nam HM, Lim SK, Moon JS, Kang HM, Kim JM, Jang KC, Kim JM, Kang MI, Joo YS, Jung SC (2009) Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococci Isolated from Mastitic Bovine Milk Samples in Korea. Zoonoses Public Health 57:e59-64.
National Mastitis Council (U.S.) RC (2004) Microbiological procedures for the diagnosis of bovine udder infection and determination of milk quality.
Oliver SP, Murinda SE (2012) Antimicrobial Resistance of Mastitis Pathogens. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 28:165-185.
Różańska H, Lewtak-Piłat A, Kubajka M, Weiner M (2019) Occurrence of Enterococci in Mastitic Cow’s Milk and their Antimicrobial Resistance. J Vet Res 63:93-97.
Ruegg PL (2017) A 100-Year Review: Mastitis detection, management, and prevention. J Dairy Sci 100:10381-10397.
Ruegg PL, Oliveira L, Jin W, Okwumabua O (2015) Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility and occurrence of selected resistance genes in gram-positive mastitis pathogens isolated from Wisconsin dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 98:4521-4534.
Sato T, Usui M, Konishi N, Kai A, Matsui H, Hanaki H, Tamura Y (2017) Closely related methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from retail meat, cows with mastitis, and humans in Japan. PLoS One 12:e0187319.
Sharma L, Verma AK, Kumar A, Rahat A, Neha, Nigam R (2015) Incidence and Pattern of Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Cattle and Buffaloes. Asian J Anim Sci 9:100-109.
Sweeney MT, Lubbers BV, Schwarz S, Watts JL (2018) Applying definitions for multidrug resistance, extensive drug resistance and pandrug resistance to clinically significant livestock and companion animal bacterial pathogens. J Antimicrob Chemother 73:1460-1463.
Tarai B, Das P, Kumar D (2013) Recurrent Challenges for Clinicians: Emergence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin Resistance, and Current Treatment Options. J Lab Physicians 5:71-78.
Wang D, Zhang L, Zhou X, He Y, Yong C, Shen M, Szenci O, Han B (2016) Antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence genes, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from bovine mastitis in Ningxia, China. J Dairy Sci 99:9560-
Yang F, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang L, Li X, Luo J, Zhang S, Li H (2016) Genetic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis cases in Northwest China. J Integr Agric 15:2842-2847.
Yang F, Zhang S, Shang X, Wang X, Yan Z, Li H, Li J (2019) Short communication: Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis cases in China. J Dairy Sci 102:140-144.
Zaatout N, Ayachi A, Kecha M, Kadlec K (2019) Identification of staphylococci causing mastitis in dairy cattle from Algeria and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus. J Appl Microbiol 127:1305-1314.
Most read articles by the same author(s)