Effects of feeding corn Stover silage treated with optigen or soybean meal on digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood biochemistry and growth performance of fattening lambs

PDF
Published: Jul 22, 2024
Updated: 2024-07-22
Versions:
2024-07-22 (3)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.34335
Keywords:
Corn stover silage optigen digestibility rumen fermentation lamb’s growth
MA Abu El-Hamed
Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt
MK Mohsen
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University
EM Abdel-Raouf
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University
HM Gaafar
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center
NIM Hassan
Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center
Abstract

Eighteen male Rahmani lambs with 4 months old and weighed 25.47±0.17 kg live body weight were divided into three identical groups. In the first group, the lambs were fed on R1, which contained 60% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) and 40% corn stover silage (CSS) and considered as a control. Whereas, lambs in the second group were fed (R2) 50% CFM and 50% CSS supplemented with 0.5% Optigen® (slow-release urea) and the third group fed (R3) 50% CFM and 50% CSS supplemented with 3% soybean meal. Results indicated that the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) contents increased with soybean meal supplement, but nitrogen free extract (NFE) content in silage tended to decrease with Optigen and soybean meal supplementation. Content of DM reduced in R2 with optigen supplementation. Higher CF, NDF, ADF and ADL contents and lower NFE content in R2 and R3 than those of R1content and lower NFE content in R2 and R3 than R1. The R2 and R3 had substantially higher digestion of all nutrients (OM, DM, CP, CF, NFE, and ether extract (EE)) as well feeding values (DCP and TDN) than R1. Lambs in various groups had almost equal ruminal pH values. Concentrations of ammonia-N and total VFA's in rumen fluid were significantly higher (P<0.05) in R2 and R3 compared to R1. Blood plasma biochemical profiles of the various groups were almost identical, with only minor variations. Intake of DM and CP were slightly higher in R2 and R3 than those of R1. The TDN and DCP intake were significantly (P<0.05) higher in R2 and R3 than R1. The final live body weight, total weight gain, and average daily gain (ADG) were significantly greater (P<0.05) in R2 and R3 than those of R1. DM and CP conversion improved significantly in R2 and R3 than R1. The addition of corn stover silage supplemented with 3% soybean meal or 0.5 % Optigen was improving feed intake, digestion, feed conversion, rumen function, and body weight gain of growing Rahmani lambs.

Article Details
  • Section
  • Research Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

· Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Abdel Hameed, A., Fedel Elseed, A. and Salih, A., 2013. Growth performance and rumen fermentation of lambs fed untreated or urea treated
groundnut hull with different protein sources. J. Anim. Prod. Advances 3, 86-96.
AOAC, 1990. Official Methods of Analysis: Changes in Official Methods of Analysis Made at the Annual Meeting. Supplement, Assoc Off
Anal Chem J.
Beever, D.E. and Cottrill, B.R., 1994. Protein Systems for Feeding Ruminant Livestock: A European Assessment. J. Dairy Sci., 77, 2031-
Bush, B., 1991. Interpretation of laboratory results for small animal clinicians. Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd.
Charmley, E., 2001. Towards improved silage quality - A review. Canadian J. Anim. Sci., 81, 157-168.
Chegini, R., Kazemi-Bonchenari, M., Khaltabadi-Farahani, A.H., Khodaei-Motlagh, M. and Salem, A.Z.M., 2019. Effects of liquid protein
feed on growth performance and ruminal metabolism of growing
lambs fed low-quality forage and compared to conventional protein
sources. The J, Agric, Sci., 157, 272-280.
De Visser, H., Valk, H., Klop, A., Van Der Meulen, J., Bakker, J.G.M.and Huntington, G.B., 1997. Nutrient Fluxes in Splanchnic Tissue of
Dairy Cows: Influence of Grass Quality. J. Dairy Sci., 80, 1666-1673.
Eweedah, N., Bassuony, M., EL-Razik, A. and El-Baky, M., 2016. Effect
of supplementing different levels of opteigen as a replacer to soybean
on the steers’ performance. J. Agric. Research. Kafr El-Shaikh University 42, 129-143.
Ferraretto, L.F. and Shaver, R.D., 2015. Effects of whole-plant corn silage
hybrid type on intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation, and lactation
performance by dairy cows through a meta-analysis. J. Dairy Sci.,
, 2662-2675.
Figueiras, J.F., Detmann, E., Franco, M.O., Batista, E.D., Reis, W.L.S.,
Paulino, M.F. and Valadares Filho, S.C., 2016. Effects of Supplements with Different Protein Contents on Nutritional Performance of
Grazing Cattle During the Rainy Season. Asian-Australasian J. Anim.
Sci., 29, 1710-1718.
Galina, M.A., Pérez-Gil, F., Ortiz, R.M.A., Hummel, J.D. and Ørskov,
R.E., 2003. Effect of slow release urea supplementation on fattening
of steers fed sugar cane tops (Saccharum officinarum) and maize (Zea
mays): ruminal fermentation, feed intake and digestibility. Livestock
Prod. Sci., 83, 1-11.
Galo, E., Emanuele, S.M., Sniffen, C.J., White, J.H. and Knapp, J.R.,
Effects of a Polymer-Coated Urea Product on Nitrogen Metabolism in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 86, 2154-2162.
Ghizzi, L.G., Del Valle, T.A., Zilio, E.M.C., Sakamoto, L.Y., Marques,
J.A., Dias, M.S.S., Nunes, A.T., Gheller, L.S., de P. Silva, T.B., Grigoletto, N.T.S., Takiya, C.S., da Silva, G.G. and Rennó, F.P., 2020. Partial replacement of corn silage with soybean silage on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and milk fatty acid profile of dairy
cows. Anim. Feed Sci. and Tech. 266, 114526.
González-Alcántara, F.d.J., Estrada-Flores, J.G., Morales-Almaraz, E.,
López-González, F., Gómez-Miranda, A., Vega-García, J.I. and Arriaga-Jordán, C.M., 2020. Whole-crop triticale silage for dairy cows
grazing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) or tall fescue (Lolium
arundinaceum) pastures in small-scale dairy systems during the dry
season in the highlands of Mexico. Tropical Animal Health and Production 52, 1903-1910.
Harrison, G. and Karnezos, T., 2005. Can we improve the efficiency of
nitrogen utilization in the lactating dairy cow. Recent Advances in
Animal Nutrition in Australia 15, 143-154.
Harrison, J.H., Blauwiekel, R. and Stokes, M.R., 1994. Fermentation and
Utilization of Grass Silage. J. Dairy Sci., 77, 3209-3235.
Henchion, M., Hayes, M., Mullen, A.M., Fenelon, M., Tiwari, B., 2017.
Future Protein Supply and Demand: Strategies and Factors Influencing a Sustainable Equilibrium. Foods 6.
Henderson, N., 1993. Silage additives. Anim. Feed Sci. and Tech., 45,
-56.
Kim, S.W., Less, J.F., Wang, L., Yan, T., Kiron, V., Kaushik, S.J. and Lei,
X.G., 2019. Meeting global feed protein demand: challenge, opportunity, and strategy. Annual Review of Anim. Biosciences 7, 221-243.
Manera, D.B., Voltolini, T.V., Yamamoto, S.M., de Araújo, G.G.L. and
Souza, R.A., 2014. Productive performance lambs on grazing supplemented with concentrates containing fruit processing by-products.
Semina: Ciências Agrárias 35, 1013-1022.
McDonald, P., Edwads, R.A., Greenhalh, F.D. and Morgan, C.A., 1995.
Animal Nutrition. 5th Ed., Prentices Hall, London, UK.
McDonald, P., Henderson, A. and Heron, S., 1991. The biochemistry of
silage 2nd ed. Marlow, UK: Chalcombe Publications.
Mehrez, A., 1992. Influence of roughage: concentrate ratio on N requirements of rumen microbes for maximal rate of fermentation, Proc of
Int Conf on Manipulation of Rumen Microorganisms to Improve Efficiency of Fermentation and Ruminant Production. Alex Egypt, p.
Mentz, A., Van Niekerk, W.A., Hassen, A., Coertze, R.J. and Gemeda,
B.S., 2015. Effect of diets differing in rumen soluble nitrogen on utilization of poor-quality roughage by sheep. South African J. Anim.
Sci., 45, 528-537.
Merensalmi, M. and Virkki, M., 1991. The role of enzymes in the preservation and utilization of forage, Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Forage Preservation, Nitra, Czechoslovakia, pp. 43-46.
Miranda, M.S., Arcaro, J.R.P., Saran Netto, A., Silva, S.L., Pinheiro, M.G.
and Leme, P.R., 2019. Effects of partial replacement of soybean meal
with other protein sources in diets of lactating cows. Anim., 13, 1403-
NRC, 2007. Nutrient requirements of small ruminants. National Academy
of Sciences, Washington, DC. USA.
Obeidat, B.S., Subih, H.S. and Ata, M., 2020. Protein Supplementation
Improves Performance of Lambs Fed Low-Quality Forage. Anim.,
Olafadehan, O., Adewumi, M. and Fakolade, P., 2014. Effect of replacement of soybean meal with urea or urea supplemented with sulphur
on the performance of lambs. Sch. J. Agric. Vet. Sci 1, 80-185.
Paulino, M., Detmann, E., Valente, E. and Barros, L., 2008. Nutrition of
grazing cattle. Simpósio Sobre Manejo Estratégico Da Pastagem 4,
-169.
Pulina, G., Milán, M.J., Lavín, M.P., Theodoridis, A., Morin, E., Capote,
J., Thomas, D.L., Francesconi, A.H.D. and Caja, G., 2018. Invited
review: Current production trends, farm structures, and economics of
the dairy sheep and goat sectors. J. Dairy Sci., 101, 6715-6729.
Rastogi, S.C., 2008. Essentials of Animal Physiology. Fourth edition.
New Age International (P) Limited, New Delhi. .
Ravi Kanth Reddy, P., Srinivasa Kumar, D., Raghava Rao, E., Venkata Seshiah, C., Sateesh, K., Pradeep Kumar Reddy, Y. and Hyder, I., 2019.
Assessment of eco-sustainability vis-à-vis zoo-technical attributes of
soybean meal (SBM) replacement with varying levels of coated urea
in Nellore sheep (Ovis aries). PLoS One 14, e0220252.
Santiago, B.T., Villela, S.D.J., Leonel, F.d.P., Zervoudakis, J.T., Araújo, R.P., Machado, H.V.N., Moreira, L.M., Oliveira, T.S.d., 2015.
Slow-release urea in diets for lactating crossbred cows. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 44, 193-199.
Saro, C., Mateo, J., Andrés, S., Mateos, I., Ranilla, M.J., López, S.,
Martín, A., Giráldez, F.J., 2019. Replacing Soybean Meal with Urea
in Diets for Heavy Fattening Lambs: Effects on Growth, Metabolic
Profile and Meat Quality. Anim., 9.
Schneider, B.H., Flatt, W.P., 1975. The Evaluation of Feeds Through Digestibility Experiments. The University of Georgia Press, Athens,
Georgia, USA. .
Sinclair, L.A., Blake, C.W., Griffin, P., Jones, G.H., 2012. The partial replacement of soyabean meal and rapeseed meal with feed grade urea
or a slow-release urea and its effect on the performance, metabolism
and digestibility in dairy cows. Anim., 6, 920-927.
Supapong, C., Sommai, S., Khonkhaeng, B., Suntara, C., Prachumchai, R., Phesatcha, K., Chanjula, P., Cherdthong, A., 2022. Effect
of Rhodanese Enzyme Addition on Rumen Fermentation, Cyanide
Concentration, and Feed Utilization in Beef Cattle Receiving Various
Levels of Fresh Cassava Root. Fermentation 8.
Taylor-Edwards, C., Elam, N., Kitts, S., McLeod, K., Axe, D., Vanzant,
E., Kristensen, N., Harmon, D., 2009. Influence of slow-release urea
on nitrogen balance and portal-drained visceral nutrient flux in beef
steers. J. Anim. Sci., 87, 209-221.
Valadares Filho, S., Pina, D., Azevêdo, J., Valadares, R., 2007. Estimativa da produção de proteína microbiana utilizando a excreção de
derivados de purinas na urina. Simpósio Internacional avanços em
técnicas de pesquisa em nutrição de ruminantes 1, 90-120.
Van Keulen, J., Young, B., 1977. Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a
natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. J. Anim. Sci., 44,
-287.
Varlyakov, I., Radev, V., Slavov, T., Mihaylov, R., 2015. Ethological and
haematological indices in yearling sheep fed various dietary nitrogen
sources. Agric. Sci. and Tech., 7, 423-430.
Yitbarek, M. B. and Birhan, T., 2014. Silage Additives: Review. Open J.
Applied Sci., 4, 258-274.
Wanapat, M., Gunun, P., Anantasook, N., Kang, S., 2014. Changes of
rumen pH, fermentation and microbial population as influenced by
different ratios of roughage (rice straw) to concentrate in dairy steers.
The J. Agric. Sci., 152, 675-685.
Warner, A., 1964. Production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen: methods
of measurement. Nutr.Abst. and Rev. 34, 339.
Wilkinson, J.M., Rinne, M., 2018. Highlights of progress in silage conservation and future perspectives. Grass and Forage Science 73, 40-5
Most read articles by the same author(s)