Toxicological evaluation of feed contaminated with herbicides using luminescent microorganisms Photobacterium Phosphoreum
Résumé
Based on the reduction in luminescence intensity, a rapid toxicological assessment (up to 30 minutes) of herbicide-contaminated feed can be performed using the luminescent microorganisms Photobacterium phosphoreum (strain IMB B-7071; Sq3). However, for the herbicides Greenfort Horse (chisalofop-p-ethyl) and Astralid (clopyralid), when tested at the maximum residue limit (MRL) levels (0.04 and 2.0 mg/kg), the feed was classified as non-toxic. While for the herbicides Skat (chisalofop-p-tefuryl), Agroshield Super (glyphosate potash), Greenfort Extra (metolachlor+terbutazine) and Greenfort NK 40 (nicosulfuron) MRL (0.04; 1.0; 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) feed is classified as toxic for Soteira (imazamox+imazapyr), Greenfort Premium (2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl ether+florazulam) and Astanes (acetochlor) (MRL 0.05; 0.05 and 0.03 mg/kg) – classified as extremely toxic, indicating the need for further studies on the toxicological properties of the herbicide in laboratory and farm animals and possible further (downward) feed revision the maximum allowable levels of relevant pollutants.
Article Details
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Kurbatska, O., Orobchenko, O., Kolchyk, O., & Dukhnytskyi, V. (2025). Toxicological evaluation of feed contaminated with herbicides using luminescent microorganisms Photobacterium Phosphoreum. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 76(3), 9453–9466. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.37256
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- Vol. 76 No 3 (2025)
- Rubrique
- Research Articles
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At the same time, some herbicides in low doses
stimulated the luminescence of Ph. phosphoreum,
in particular, Skat (chisalofop-p-tetufuryl), Astanes
and Astralid (clopyralid), which can be explained
by the phenomenon of hormesis (stimulation of any
organism’s system by external influences that are not
strong enough to manifest harmful factors) (Belz and
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The results of our research confirm the possibility
of luminescent bacteria use for the analysis of contaminated
with herbicides feed, which is a relevant
and popular rapid test of laboratory diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS
The influence of different levels of herbicides on
the intensity of Ph. phosphoreum luminescence was
studied and the toxicological assessment of feeds by
the percentage of decrease in luminescence intensity
was given: Soteira (imazamox+imazapyr) completely
suppressed the luminescence of Ph. phosphoreum
at all studied levels of herbicide in feed, Greenfort
premium (2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl ether+florasulam)
on average - by 18.9-74.2%, Greenfort Horse
(chisalofop-p-ethyl) - by 13,9-54.2%, Skat (chisalofop-
p-tefuryl) - by 12.6-67.3%, Agroshield Super
(potassium salt of glyphosate) - by 16.5-71.0%,
Greenfort Extra (metholachlor+terbutylazine) - by
6-84.2%, Astanes (acetochlor) - by 25.3-67.9%,
Astralid (clopyralid) - by 8.5-71.0%, Greenfort NK
(nicosulfuron) - by 10.8-45.3%, which allowed to
assess feed with the content of herbicides Greenfort
Premium less than 0.01 mg/kg, Greenfort Horse less
than 0.008-0.04 mg/kg, Skat less than 0.008-0.02
mg/kg, Agroshield Super less than 0.1-0.5 mg/kg,
Greenfort Extra less than 0.02-0.05 mg/kg, Astanes
less than 0.006 mg/kg, Astralid less than 0.4-2.0 mg/
kg, Greenfort NK 40 less than 0.04-0.1 mg/kg as
non-toxic; with the content of Greenfort Premium
025 mg/kg, Skat 0.04-0.08 mg/kg, Agroshield Super
from 1.0 mg/kg, Greenfort Extra from 0.1 mg/
kg, Astanes 0.015 mg/kg, Greenfort NK 40 from
2 mg/kg as toxic and with the content of Soteira
01-0, 25 mg/kg, Greenfort Premium 0.05-0.25 mg/
kg, Greenfort Horse 0.08-0.2 mg/kg, Skat from 0.2
mg/kg, Agroshield Super from 2.5 mg/kg, Greenfort
Extra from 0.2 mg/kg, Astanes from 0.03 mg/kg,
Astralid 4.0 mg/kg and above as highly toxic feeds.
The luminescence of Photobacterium phosphoreum
can be used for rapid (up to 30 minutes) toxicological
evaluation of feed contaminated with herbicides,
which will avoid economic damage from the
shortage of agricultural products due to poisoning
and ensure the safety of the resulting products for
humans.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors express their sincere gratitude to Golovach
Tatiana Mykolaivna, Candidate of Biological
Sciences, the Head of the Depository of Microorganisms
of the Institute of Microbiology and Virology
named after D. K. Zabolotny of the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine for the kindly submitted
for study strain of Photobacterium phosphoreum
(ІМВ В –7071; Sq3).
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no potential conflict
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