Virtual Reconstruction of Lost Cultural Heritage – The Case of the Historical Church of Pammegist Taxiarch Archangel Michael in Medieval City of Corfu. A holistic Interdisciplinary approach, in Challenging Times enhancing Sustainable Urban Development

PDF
Published: Jul 28, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/ta.34998
Keywords:
Cultural Heritage, Documentation, Digitization, GIS, Photogrammetry, 3-D Modelling, orthodox church, old-town, Corfu
Evi Polymeri
Department of History and Archaeology, Building B, Patras University campus
Abstract

The present work is about the application of digital record of Lost Cultural Heritage monument in Corfu island - the case of the Church of Pammegistos Taxiarch Michael situated in the heart of the oldest medieval district of ‘Campiello’ in the Old Town of Corfu, built at the 14th century. Today the building has been demolished and a homonymous square has been created in its place. The "Taxiarch square" is a free space formed randomly, violently and as a remnant after the bombings of the 2nd World War. Considering an essential step in understanding and conserving the values of the memory of the glorious past, creating a as close as possible digital record of the most important monument in the area for the future, providing a means to communicating the knowledge and value of the tangible monument to the society. Our effort aims to efficiently open new orisons to the locals, in upgrading the living standard, while through culture and dialogue we might provide the necessary transformative dimension that ensures the sustainability of development processes. In our Challenging Times the data coming to light from in-situ research, the archives, bibliography etc., applied to the following modelling features the role of 3D virtual reconstruction of the important monument of cultural heritage in Corfu Old Town – a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Greece acquires even greater importance, supporting archaeological and architecture research and art history, used as well as a vehicle for the cultural and evocative involvement of the people.  

Article Details
  • Section
  • Digital Heritage - Holistic Approach
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
The campiello (campièllo s. m. [lat. mediev. campitellum, dim. di campus «cam-po») in Venetian town planning identifies a smaller field, roughly corresponding to the squares or large towns and often lacking the main characteristic of the Venetian fields, namely the well from which to draw water. In many cases the ‘campiello’ is made up of a simple extension of a ‘calle’ or is a small appendage of an adjacent field.
Technical Chamber of Greece (TEE-TCG) - Corfu Department, Corfu Old City Tour, http://teekerk.gr/index.php/corfu/corfutour/117-corfuoldcitytour.html
Georgopoulou, M., Venice's Mediterranean Colonies: Architecture and Urban-ism. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001, pp.205.
Zaridi, Aikaterini, O Megas Protopapas Kerkyras Alexios Rartouros logios tou 16ou cent.,1504-1574, Ionian University, Kerkira, 1995, pp.214-215.
Marmoras, A., Della historia di Corfu, descritta da Andrea Marmora nobile Corcirese, Libri Ottavo, Al serenissimo principe ed eccellentiss.mo Senato di Venetia., presso il Curti, Venetia, M.DC.LXXII / 1672, pp.202, 241,
Tsitsas, A., O Hieros Spyridon, Kerkyra, 1967, pp.65.
Papageorgiou, S.K., The History of the Church of Corfu. Broth. Aspioti G., Corfu, 1920, pp. 108, 200-201, 230.
Marmoras, A., Istoria tis nisou Kerkyra, 1672, Kerkyra, 1902, pp. 202-3, 231-235, 399-417. Maltezu, Chrisa, Archival evidence about five post-Byzantine churches, Eufrosynon, Honor. to Chatzidakis Manolis, v. 1, Αθήνα, 1991, Hellenic Organization of Cultural Resources Development (H.O.C.RE.D.), pp.313, San Michiel Arcangelo confraternitä
Miller, W., The Latins in the Levant, a history of Frankish Greece (1204-1566), NEW York, 1908, pp. 603. Τσίτσας, ΑΘ., H Panagia Demosiana, Bulletin, ΔΑΕΚ, 7, 1970, pp. 109.
Karydi, Alex., Architect NTUA, Urban and Regional Planning MSc., the re-searcher responsible of the project in 1997-8, AUTOPSY MEMORANDUM OF 10.11.98 IN THE RESEARCH EXCAVATION OF THE PLACE OF TAXIARCH MICHAEL CHURCH AT HISTORICAL CENTER OF CORFU AND UPDATE OF DEVELOPMENTS OF 11.11.98.
Kondostanu, Methodios, (Bishop of Corfu and Paxos), ‘Archive and daily inci-dents of events during the Italian and German occupation', Kerkyra, 1949, pp.513.
Romanos, I.A, Peri tou Despotatou tis Ipeirou, Kerkyra, 1895, pp.41-2
Κapandriti, Α., Chondrogiannis, S.A., TEMPLON. Holy figures, invisible Gates of faith. 20th and 21st century, The architectural conception in the iconostases of the Ionian Is-lands in the period of Venetian rule. The use of stone in Corfu’, Collective work, Museum of Byzantine Culture of Thessaloniki, Aikaterini Lascaridis Foundation, Athens, 2017, pp.70-76.
Vokotopoulos, P., Icones tis Kerkyras, E.T.E, Corfu, 1990. Vokotopoulos, P., Dyo deisis sti Kerkyra. Byzantintina, 13, 1985.
Pieris G. the use of the photo, ‘Passage through time’, Reading Society of Corfu, Giallinas Foundation, 2019.
Karydi, Alex., Architect NTUA, Urban and Regional Planning MSc., the research-er responsible of the project in 1997-8, Kazhdan, Alexander, P., The Oxford Diction-ary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press (1991).
Karydi, Alex., Architect NTUA, Urban and Regional Planning MSc., the re-searcher responsible of the project in 1997-8
Chiotis, P., Istoria tou Ioniou kratous apo tis systaseos avtou mehri enoseos: Eti 1815-1864, Zakynthos,1874.
Du Cange, Charles Du Fresne, sieur, « Cæremoniari », Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis / Conditum a Carolo du Fresne, domino Du Cange, auctum a monachis ordinis S. Benedicti; cum supplementis integris D. P. Carpenterii, Ade-lungii, aliorum, suisque digessit G. A. L. Henschel; sequuntur Glossarium gallicum, Tabulae, Indices auctorum et rerum, Dissertationes. pp. 1161.
Vokotopoulos, P., Dyo deisis sti Kerkyra. Byzantintina, 13, 1985.
Leader, A., https://italianartsociety.tumblr.com/post/114486142065/by-anne-leader-giuseppe-bernardi-called-torretto: Giuseppe Bernardi, called Torretto, was born on 24 March 1694 in the Veneto town of Pagnano. The son and nephew of sculp-tors, Bernardi became one of the leading north Italian sculptors of the mid-eighteenth century. He was also Antonio Canova’s first teacher. From the 1730s on, Bernardi worked on a large project for the church of Santa Maria della Fava in Venice to sculpt eight, monumental marble statues of the four Evangelists and the four Fa-thers of the Church. The clay sketches, or modelli, are now in the Birmingham (AL) Museum of Art.
Bibliography
Agoropoulou Birbili, The architecture of the Town of Corfu during the Domin-ion of the Venetian Republic, National Technical University of Athens,1976, pp.254, 267, 282, 287.
Asonitis, S., Andegaviki Kerkyra (13th -14th C.), pp.223, 236.
Asonitis, S., Η Κέρκυρα και τα ηπειρωτικά παράλια στα τέλη του Μεσαίωνα (1386-1462), Thessaloniki: University Studio Press, 2009.
Bacchion, Eugenio, Il dominio veneto su Corfù (1386-1797), pp.55-6.
Blasopoulos,S., Kerkyraika Chronika, Vol.ΧΧΙ,Corfu, 1977, pp.50-51.
Bonnet, Μ., Analecta Bollandiana, 8, 1889, 287, 313.
Vokotopoulos, P., Icones tis Kerkyras, E.T.E, Corfu, 1990.
Vokotopoulos, P., Dyo deisis sti Kerkyra. Byzantintina, 13, 1985.
Byzantine and Post-byzantine Art, Ministry of Culture, Byzantine and Christian Museum, Athens- Cultural Capital of Europe, 1985.
Boulgareos, N., Manesi, N., Ἀληθής ἔκθεσις περὶ τοῦ ἐν Κερκύρᾳ θαυματουρ-γοῦ Λειψάνου τοῦ ἁγίου Σπυρίδωνος, Βενετία, 1880 (α' έκδοση 1669), σ. 18.
Byzantine and Post-byzantine Art of Corfu, Holy Metropolis of Corfu, Paxoi and Diapontian Islands, Corfu, 1994, pp.125.
Chiotis, P., Istoria tou Ioniou kratous apo tis systaseos avtou mehri enoseos: Eti 1815-1864, Zakynthos,1874.
Darrouzès, Jean, Archives de l'Orient Chrétien 11, Recherches sur les ophikia de l'Église Byzantine Inst. Français d'Etudes Byzantines, 1970, pp.134-5, 192, 282-3.
Darrouzès, Jean, Notitiae Episcopatuum Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae, Paris (1981).
Du Cange, Charles Du Fresne, sieur, Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis / Conditum a Carolo du Fresne, domino Du Cange, auctum a monachis ordinis S. Benedicti; cum supplementis integris D. P. Carpenterii, Adelungii, aliorum, su-isque digessit G. A. L. Henschel; sequuntur Glossarium gallicum, Tabulae, Indi-ces auctorum et rerum, Dissertationes. pp. 1161.
Georgopoulou, M., Venice's Mediterranean Colonies: Architecture and Urbanism. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001, pp.205.
Gerola, Giuseppe, L'esplorazione dei monumenti veneti in Levante nell'ultimo quarantennio [estratto]. Roma Scuola Tipografica pio X - via degli etruschi, 1938, pp.6-7.
Gratziou, O., «A la latina. Zografoi iconon prosanatolismeni Dytika», Bulletin of the Christian Archaeological Society 33 (2012), pp.357-368.
Zaridi, Aikaterini, O Megas Protopapas Kerkyras Alexios Rartouros Scholar of the 16th century, (1504-1574), Ionian University, Corfu, 1995, pp.61, 76, 81, 113, 131, 369.
Ιdromenos, A.M., Synoptiki istoria tis Kerkyras, Kerkyra, Typogr.. I. Nachamou-li,1895.
Kalligas, P., I ekklesia tou Pantokratora, Ή εκκλησία του Παντοκράτορα, Corfu Chronicles, XIV, 1968, pp. 96-145,
Κapandriti, Α., The marble altarscreen of Saint Antonios in the old town of Corfu. A monument within a monument, Δελτίον ΧΑΕ 32 (2011), Περίοδος Δ', pp.197-206 .
Κapandriti, Α., Galanis, St., Ecclesiastical stone sculpture in the Ionian islands (late 16th - 19th century), Athens, 2013, pp.34-35/444-5.
Κapandriti, Α., Chondrogiannis, S.A., TEMPLON. Holy figures, invisible Gates of faith. 20th and 21st century, The architectural conception in the iconostases of the Ionian Islands in the period of Venetian rule. The use of stone in Corfu’, Collective work, Museum of Byzantine Culture of Thessaloniki, Aikaterini Lascaridis Founda-tion, Athens, 2017, pp.70-76.
Karydis, S. Chr., Collective patronage and the question of the origin of the Orthodox religious Confraternities in the Latin-Greek area, honorary vol., Studi di onore del Prof. Giorgio Fedalto, Hellenic Institute of Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Stud-ies in Venice, Athens-Venice, 2016, pp.237-258.
Karydis, S.Chr., Orthodox confraternities and confraternity churches in Corfu (15th - 19th c.): a contribution to the ecclesiastical history of the Ionian Islands, Athens, 2004.
Karydis, S., Dimoulas, G., Poulis, S., Places of worship and clergy in Corfu of the 17th century. Archival items, Corfu Reading Society, Corfu, 2018.
Kazhdan, Alexander, P., The Oxford_Dictionary of Byzantium (Volume 2), Ox-ford University Press (1991).
Kollas, CH., I nisos ton Koryfon apo ton 16o ai. Apo martyries tou Istorikou Arxeiou Kerkyras, Vol.B’, pp.81.
Archim. S. Koykiares, To eortologio tis Ekklesias os kirios paragon stin ikonografisi Byzantinon naon, Zograf 44, (2020).
Koumanoudis, I., Corfiot bell towers, Zygos, July-October, 1966; n. 11, pp. 36-52.
Il periplo delle icone, Corfu XIV-XVIII secolo, Ministero della Cultura, Direzione dei Monumenti Bizantini e Post-bizantini, 8a Eforia alle Antichita Bizantine, Sacra Metropoli di Corfu, Paxi e Isole Diapontia, -Presidenza Greca-Unione Europea, 1994.
Kapandriti, Α., Ecclesiastical stone sculpture in the Ionian islands (late 16th - 19th century), Thessaloniki, 2013, pp.5,14,46, 75.
Kondostanu, Methodios, (Bishop of Corfu and Paxos), ‘Archive and daily inci-dents of events during the Italian and German occupation', Kerkyra, 1949, pp.513.
Leader, A., https://italianartsociety.tumblr.com/post/114486142065/by-anne-leader-giuseppe-bernardi-called-torretto
LUNZI, Ermanno, Della condizione politica delle Isole Ionie sotto il dominio Veneto; Barozzi, Nicolo; Typaldo-Foresti, Marino, Venezia, 1858, publ. 1969 pp.114-118-119.
Maltezu, Chrisa, Archival evidence about five post-Byzantine churches, Eufrosynon, Honor. to Chatzidakis Manolis, v. 1, Αθήνα, 1991, Hellenic Organiza-tion of Cultural Resources Development (H.O.C.RE.D.), pp.309-320.
Marmoras, A., Della historia di Corfu, descritta da Andrea Marmora nobile Corcirese, Libri Ottavo, Al serenissimo principe ed eccellentiss.mo Senato di Venetia., presso il Curti, Venetia, M.DC.LXXII / 1672, pp.202, 241,
Marmoras, A., Istoria tis nisou Kerkyra, 1672, Kerkyra, 1902, pp. 202-3, 231-235, 399-417.
Matton, R., Corfou par Raymond Matton avec 139 photographies hors texte commentées en français et en anglais et 13 cartes et plans, Athens, 1960, pp.68-78, 90.
Miller, W., The Latins in the Levant, a history of Frankish Greece (1204-1566), NEW York, 1908, pp. 603,
Νικηφόρου, Α. Δημόσιες Τελετές στην Κέρκυρα 14ος- 18οςαι., εκδ. Θεμέλιο, pp.63, 73.
Papageorgiou, S.K., The History of the Church of Corfu. Broth. Aspioti G., Cor-fu, 1920, pp. 108, 200-201, 230.
Papamarkos, F., M., “Οι εν Επτανήσω Ενοριακοί Ναοί μετά τον περί Ενορια-κών Ναών Νόμον ΓΦΝΣΤ Μετά παραρτήματος περιέχοντος τον Εκκλησια-στικόν Κανονισμόν του 1811”, εκδ. Πετρίδειον Κληροδότημα, Κέρκυρα 1921, pp.25,6.
Partsch, J., The island of Corfu: geographical monography, translation by Pericles Vegia, publ. I.Nachamouli, Corfu, 1892, pp.124-128.
Pieris, I., O Thomas Flanginis kai i Kerkyra, Society of Corfiot Studies, Corfu, 1993, pp.3-23.
Pieris, G., ‘Passage through time’, Reading Society of Corfu, Giallinas Founda-tion, 2019.
Romanou, I., Peri Despotatou tis Ipeirou, Kerkyra, 1895, pp.78.
SANTUS, Cesare, Le isole Ionie, Trasgressioni necessarie : Communicatio in sacris, coesistenza e conflitti tra le comunità cristiane orientali. Nouvelle édition [en ligne]. Rome : Publications de l’École française de Rome, 2019 (généré le 19 juillet 2023). Disponible sur Internet : <http://books.openedition.org/efr/31792>. ISBN : 9782728313693. DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/books.efr.31792, pp.241-302.
Technical Chamber of Greece (TEE-TCG) - Corfu Department, Corfu Old City Tour, http://teekerk.gr/index.php/corfu/corfutour/117-corfuoldcitytour.html
Τσίτσας, ΑΘ., H Panagia Demosiana, Bulletin, ΔΑΕΚ, 7, 1970, pp. 109.
Tsitsas, A., O Hieros Spyridon, Kerkyra, 1967, pp.65.