Substandard Reinforced Concrete Walls with Rectangular Cross-section: Assessment of Shear Resistance

Pdf
Published: Apr 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/ta.37167
Keywords:
Shear Wall Resistance, Reinforced Concrete, Assessment, rectan- gular cross-section
Marina Moretti
National Technical University of Athens
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2082-5571
Abstract

Reinforced concrete walls in buildings constructed prior to 1990 possess low shear resistance and their reinforcement detailing differs considerably as compared to similar walls in modern buildings, designed according to modern code principles. For the seismic capacity assessment of older buildings the correct estimation of shear resistance of existing RC walls is crucial. In previous research it has been demonstrated that available design models are not capable of reliably predicting the shear resistance of RC walls with reinforcement different than the one prescribed by modern codes. In this paper, a design model is presented for the assessment of shear resistance of RC walls with rectangular section, irrespective of reinforcement configuration. The model includes the contribution of all major mechanisms to shear resistance, namely: the longitudinal reinforcement of the confined regions at either end of the cross-section, the horizontal and vertical web reinforcement, the axial compressive force, and the concrete strut. The proposed equations have no restrictions in their applicability, in contrast to the majority of existing models, and proved to be the most effective in assessing the shear resistance of 129 tested RC walls, among 14 other design models considered, including existing design codes. Indicative examples are provided to demonstrate the better predictive capacity of the proposed equations.

Article Details
  • Section
  • Earthquake Engineering
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Antebi, J., Utku, S., and Hansen, R.J.: The response of shear walls to dynamic loads. Department of Civil and Sanitary Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA., 312 pp. (1960).
Shiga, T., Shibata, A., and Takahashi, J.: Experimental study on dynamic properties of reinforced concrete shear walls. In: Proceedings, 5th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Rome, v.1, pp. 1157-1166 (1973).
Hirosawa, M.: Past experimental results on reinforced concrete shear walls and analysis on them. Kenchiku Kenkyu Shiryo, No. 2, Building Research Institute, Ministry of Construction, Tokyo, Japan, 279 pp. (in Japanese) (1975).
Sato, S., Ogata, Y., Yoshizaki, S., Kanata, K., Yamaguchi, T., Nakayama, T., Inada, Y., Kadoriku, J.: Behavior of shear walls using various yield strength of rebar, part 1: An experimental study. In: Proceedings, Tenth International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, H09/01, Anaheim, C.A., pp. 233-238 (1989).
Carrillo, J., and Alcocer, S. M.: Shear strength of reinforced concrete walls for seismic design of low-rise housing. ACI Structural Journal, 110(3), 415-425 (2013).
Kassem, W.: Shear strength of squat walls: a strut-and-tie model and closed-form design formula. Engineering Structures, 84, 430-438 (2015).
Mau, S., T., Hsu, T., T., C.: Shear behavior of reinforced concrete framed wall panel with vertical loads. ACI Structural Journal, 84(3), 228-234 (1987).
Architectural Institute of Japan: Design guidelines for earthquake resistant reinforced concrete buildings based on inelastic displacement concept (1999).
Krolicki, J., Maffei, J., and Calvi, G. M.: Shear strength of reinforced concrete walls subjected to cyclic loading. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 15(S1), 30-71 (2011).
Wood, S. L.: Shear strength of low-rise reinforced concrete walls with boundary elements. ACI Structural Journal, 87(1), 99-107 (1990).
Moretti, M.L., Kono, S., Obara, T.: On the shear strength of reinforced concrete walls. ACI Structural Journal 117(4), 293-304 (2021).
Gulec, C.K., Whittaker, A.S. Empirical equations for peak shear strength of low aspect ratio reinforced concrete walls. ACI Structural Journal 108(1), 80-89, (2011).
ΕΝ 1998-1:2004, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance, part 1: General rules, seismic action and rules for buildings. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium (2004).
EN 1998-3, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance, part 3: Assessment and retrofitting of buildings. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium (2005).
Architectural Institute of Japan. AIJ Standard for Lateral Load-Carrying Capacity Calculation of Reinforced Concrete Structures (Draft), Tokyo, Japan, (2016).
Greek Code for Reinforced Concrete, EKOS2000, in Greek (2000).
EN 1992-1-1. Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules and rules for buildings. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium (2004).
Tassios, T.P., Moretti, M., Bezas, A. On the behavior and ductility of reinforced concrete coupling beams of shear walls. ACI Structural Journal, 93(6), 711-720 (1996).
Moretti, M., Tassios, T.P. Behaviour of short columns subjected to cyclic shear displacements: Εxperimental results. Engineering Structures, 29(8), 2018-2029 (2007).
Barda, F., Hanson, J.M., Corley, W.G. Shear strength of low-rise walls with boundary elements. Reinforced Concrete Structures in Seismic Zones, SP-53, Hawkins, N.M., Mitchell, D. (eds.), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, pp. 149-202(1977).
ASCE/SEI 43-05. Seismic Design Criteria for Structures, Systems and Components in Nuclear Facilities. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA (2005).
Moretti, M.L., Kono, S., Obara, T. Design equations for ultimate shear capacity of reinforced concrete walls. 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 17WCEE, Sendai, Japan, 13-18 September (2020).
Moretti, M.L. Assessment of shear strength of reinforced concrete walls: Is an upper limit apposite? A. Ilki et al. (Eds.): fib Symposium 2023, LNCE 350, pp. 1300-1309 (2023).
Moretti, M., Tassios, T.P. Behavior and ductility of reinforced concrete short columns using global truss model. ACI Structural Journal, 103(3), 319-327 (2006).
FEMA 306. Evaluation of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings: Basic Procedures Manual. Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC (1999).
Luna, B.N., Rivera, J.P., Whittaker, A.S. Seismic behavior of low-aspect-ratio reinforced concrete shear walls. ACI Structural Journal, 112(5), 593-603 (2015).