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Assessment of serum protein profile in sickle cell disease

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Published: Oct 15, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/healthresj.36006
Keywords:
Serum Protein Protein Electrophoresis Sickle cell Disease Nigeria
Munirudeen Ibrahim
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria
Hafiz Abiodun Yakub
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria
Wasiu O. Garuba
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria
Tolulope Ogunniyi
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University Malete, P.M.B.1530, Kwara State, Nigeria
Abubakar Z. Lawal
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Health Science, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, P.M.B. 1515
Godwin O. Adunmo
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Health Science, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, P.M.B. 1515
Kola A Ogunwale
Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria
Akeem O. Busari
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, AL-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
AbdulGafar N Popoola
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria
Suleiman I. Eleha
Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria
Abdulrazak Nuhu
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria
Musbaudeen Ibrahim
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria
Abstract

Background: Sickle Cell disease (SCD) is known to be caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene of the hemoglobin  that affects the red blood cells (RBCs) and is passed down through generations. This study was carried out to determine the effect of sickling of RBC on serum protein profile  in SCD individuals.


Methods: A case-controlled study was carried out among 80 patients. They were forty-five sickle cell disease individuals (HbSS) attending Children Specialist Hospital Ilorin and thirty-five  healthy controls (HbAA). The levels of total protein and albumin were determined spectrophotometrically and serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) was carried out using cellulose acetate electrophoresis.


Results: Significant hypoalbuminemia and hypergammaglobulinemia were observed in SCD groups compared with controls. A higher proportion of the SCD group, 11(25%) had hypergammaglobulinemia and 21(49%) had hypoalbuminemia (P<0.05). Plasma protein electrophoresis in SCD patients shows an intense colour at the gamma region which was not seen in control. There was a significant relationship between the patterns of serum protein electrophoresis and the frequency of crisis.


Conclusions: Sickle cell disease crisis and other associated underlying conditions may be prevented early through assessment of serum protein profile, especially SPE. Hypergammaglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia may be associated with frequent episode of crisis.

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