Πληθυσμιακή διακύμανση του Phyllocnistis citrella και των παρασιτοειδών του στη Δυτική Κρήτη


Δημοσιευμένα: Ιαν 8, 2011
A. P. Kalaitzaki
A. E. Tsagkarakis
D. P. Lykouressis
Περίληψη

Μελετήθηκαν η διακύμανση του πληθυσμού, το ποσοστό παρασιτισμού και η πληθυσμιακή σύνθεση των παρασιτοειδών του φυλλορύκτη των εσπεριδοειδών Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), ιθαγενών και εισαγόμενων, που βρέθηκαν σε δύο από τα σπουδαιότερα είδη εσπεριδοειδών που καλλιεργούνται στην Ελλάδα την πορτοκαλιά (Citrus sinensis) και τη μανταρινιά (Citrus reticulata). Η μελέτη πραγματοποιήθηκε το 1999 σε βιολογικό εσπεριδοειδώνα του νομού Χανίων. Από τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης προκύπτει ότι σημαντικά υψηλότερος πληθυσμός του φυλλορύκτη των εσπεριδοειδών ανευρέθηκε στην πορτοκαλιά σε σχέση με την μανταρινιά. Από τα πέντε είδη εξωτικών παρασιτοειδών (Citrostichus phyllocnistoides, Quadrastichus sp., Semielacher petiolatus, Ageniaspis citricola, και Cirrospilus quadristriatus), που είχαν στο παρελθόν εισαχθεί και εξαπολυθεί, βρέθηκαν στα δείγματα μόνο τα τρία πρώτα, εκ των οποίων σημαντικά πολυπληθέστερο βρέθηκε να είναι το C. phyllocnistoides σημειώνοντας τα υψηλότερα ποσοστά παρασιτισμού σε σχέση με τα υπόλοιπα. Το S. petiolatus όμως βρέθηκε σε μικρότερους πληθυσμούς σημειώνοντας σημαντικά χαμηλότερο ποσοστό παρασιτισμού σε σχέση με αυτό του C. phyllocnistoides. Αμφότερα τα παραπάνω εξωτικά είδη προτιμούν να παρασιτούν κυρίως προνύμφες 2ης και 3ης ηλικίας του φυλλορύκτη, γεγονός που πιθανώς οδηγεί σε ανταγωνισμό μεταξύ τους με αποτέλεσμα την επικράτηση του C. phyllocnistoides. Από τα δύο ιθαγενή παρασιτοειδή που ανευρέθησαν, τα Pnigalio pectinicornis και Neochrysocharis formosa, πολυπληθέστερο ήταν το πρώτο, ενώ η εν γένει δράση τους συνέβαλε ελάχιστα στη μείωση του πληθυσμού του φυλλορύκτη.

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