IMAGING SEAWATER INTRUSION IN COASTAL ZONE OF KAVALA (N. GREECE) WITH ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY


Published: Jan 25, 2010
Keywords:
seawater intrusion coastal aquifers electrical resistivity tomography underground water conductivity Prefecture of Kavala – N. Greece
Y. Mertzanides
N. Economou
H. Hamdan
A. Vafidis
Abstract
The needs for water supply in the western coastal zone of Kavala (N. Greece) have been rapidly increased during the last decades because of the high tourist and agricultural development. This resulted to a number of wells that drilled along the coastline. During summer period, when human and irrigation consumptions are maximized, phenomena of groundwater salinization are observed. Although restrictions to new drillings have been taken, salinization in some aquatic systems of the area tends to become a major environmental and economical issue. The only available information till now was a timeseries of groundwater electrical conductivity measurements, in some of the wells of the area. This information is useful but not adequate for the study of the salt intrusion mechanism. Geophysical investigation was carried out and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was chosen as the most appropriate technique for the case. The geophysical survey was set in a site between the coastline and an existing borehole. The 2D ERT profiles gave a clear image of geoelectrical heterogeneities, associated with seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifers, contributing to future measures towards a rational management of ground water resources in the area.
Article Details
  • Section
  • Hydrology and Hydrogeology
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Ahlfeld, D.P., and A.E., Mulligan, 2000. Optimal management of flow in groundwater systems. Academic
Press, London.
Archie, G. E., 1942. The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics.
Transaction of American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers,
, pp.54–62.
Asch, T.H., and H.F., Morrison, 1989. Mapping and monitoring electrical resistivity with surface and
subsurface electrode arrays. Geophysics, 54, pp. 235-244.
Barker, R.D., 1990. Investigation of groundwater salinity by resistivity methods, Geotechnical and
Environmental Geophysics, v. II, n. 5, Soc. Explor. Geophysicists, Inv. in Geophysics, (ed.) S.
Ward, 201-212.
Bear, J., Cheng, A.H.-D., Sorek, S., Ouazar, D., and I., Herrera (eds.), 1999. Seawater intrusion in
coastal aquifers-Concepts, Methods and Practices, Kluwer Academic Puplishers, 625 p.
Cheng, A.H.D.; Halhal, D., Naji, A., and D., Ouazar 2000. Pumping optimization in saltwater intruded
coastal aquifers. Water Resources Research, 36, no.8, 2155-2166.
Claerbout, J.F., and F., Muir, 1973. Robust modeling with erratic data. Geophysics, 38, pp. 826-844.
Daily, W., and E. Owen, 1991. Cross-borehole resistivity tomography. Geophysics, 56, pp.1228–1235.
Daily, W., Ramirez, A., LaBrecque, D. and J., Nitao, 1992. Electrical resistivity tomography of vadose
water movement. Water Resour. Res., 28, pp.1429-1442.
Diamantis, J., and C. Petalas, 1989. Sea water intrusion into coastal aquifers of Thrace and its impact
on the environment. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, Vols. 20-21, pp. 291-305.
Directorate of Land Reclamation/Prefecture of Kavala, 2008. Record Room, Kavala.
Ewing, R. P., and A. G. Hunt, 2006. Dependence of the electrical conductivity on saturation in real
porous media. Vadose Zone Journal, 5, pp.731–741.
Friedel S., Hansruedi Maurer H., Herfort M., and N., Van Meir, 2004. Application of single-hole geoelectrical
tomography to characterize a coastal aquifer. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts-
, pp.620-623.
(4) XLIII, No 4 – 1809
Hubbard, S.S., and Y. Rubin, 2006. Hydrogeological characterization using geophysical methods, in
J. Delleur, ed., Handbook of groundwater engineering, CDCPress, section 14–1.
James, G.A., Hiebert, R., Warwood, B.K. and A., Cunningham, 2001. Subsurface biofilm barriers
for controlling saltwater intrusion. Proceedings of 1st International conference on saltwater intrusion
and coastal aquifers-Monitoring, modeling and management. Essaouira, Morocco, April
-25, 2001.
Kallergis, G., 2002. The salinization of aquifers from environmental point of view. Proceedings of
th Greek Hydrogeology Congress, Xanthi, Greece, 8-10th November 2002, pp.V-XII.
Kallioras, A., Pliakas, F., and I., Diamantis, 2006a. Conceptual model of a coastal aquifer system in
northern Greece and assessment of salinevulnerability due to seawater intrusion conditions. Journal
of Enveronmental Geology, (in press, DOI: 10.1007/s00254-006-0331-0).
Kallioras, A., Pliakas, F., Diamantis, I., and G., Kallergis, 2006b. Seawater intrusion and management
of coastal aquifers in Greece: The case study of Rhodope weastern coastal aquifer. International
Water Association, IWA, Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Diffuse
Pollution, Istanbul, Turkey, 18-22 September 2006.
Kirsch, R., 2009. Groundwater Geophysics: A tool for Hydrogeology, 2nd ed. XX, Springer, 548 p.
Lambrakis, N., and G., Kallergis, 2001. Reaction of subsurface coastal aquifers to climate and land
use changes in Greece. Modelling of groundwater refreshening patterns under natural recharge
conditions. Journal of Hydrology, v.245, pp.19-31.
Loke, Μ. H., 1998. Rapid 2D resistivity IP inversion using the least-squares method. Program manula,
Pengan, Malaysia.
Loke, Μ. H., 2002. 2D and 3D electrical imaging surveys, tutorial.
Marescot, L., Palma Lopes S., Lagabrielle R., and D., Chapellier, 2002. Designing surface-toborehole
electrical resistivity tomography surveys using the Frechet derivative. Proceedings of the
th Meeting of the Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society – European Section,
pp.289-292.
Miller, R., 2009. Editorial. The Leading Edge, S.E.G., Oct. 2009, v.28, no 10, p.1210.
Mohnke, O., Prokoph, K., and U., Yaramanci, 2006. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) as a tool
for monitoring moisture dynamics in soil filled containers. Proceedings of 12th European Meeting
of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, B026.
Mualem, Y., and S.P., Friedman, 1991. Theoretical prediction of electrical conductivity in saturated
and unsaturated soil. Water Resources Research, 27, pp.2771–2777.
Müller, M., Mohnke, O., Schmalholz, J., and U. Yaramanci, 2003. Moisture assessment with smallscale
geophysics-The Interurban Project. Near Surface Geophysics, 1, pp.171–182.
National Statistical Service of Greece 2009. Latest statistical data: Population census 2001. Press Release
NSSG, Athens.
Nguyen, F., Kemna, A., Antonsson, A., Engesgaard, P., Kuras, A., Ogilvy, R., Gisbert, J., Jorreto, S.,
and A., Pulido-Bosch, 2009. Characterization of seawater intrusions using 2D electrical Tomography.
Near Surface Geophysics, Vol 7, pp.377-390. Special issue on Hydrogeophysics.
Oldenborger, G. A., Knoll, M., Routh, P., and D. LaBrecque, 2007. Timelapse ERT monitoring of
an injection/withdrawal experiment in a shallow unconfined aquifer: Geophysics, 72, no. 4,
pp.177–187.
Parasnis, D.S., 1997. Principles of Applied Geophysics. 5th ed.: Chapman & Hall.
Park, S., 1998. Fluid migration in the vadose zone from 3-D inversion of resistivity monitoring data.
Geophysics, 63, no. 1, pp.41-51.
XLIII, No 4 – 1810
Petalas, C., and I., Diamantis, 1999. Origin and distribution of saline groundwaters in the Miocene
aquifer system in coastal Rhodope area, Thrace-NE Greece. Hydrogeology Journal, 7/3, pp.305-316.
Petalas, C., Pliakas, F., Diamantis, Ι., and A., Kallioras,2004. Study of the distribution of precipitation
in district of eastern Macedonia and Thrace for the period 1964-1998. Bulletin of the Geological
Society of Greece vol. XXXVI, Proceedings of the 10th International Congress, April
, Thessaloniki, Greece, pp. 1054-1064.
Petalas, C., Pisinaras, V., Gemitzi, A., Tsihrintzis, V.A., and K., Ouzounis, 2009. Current conditions
of saltwater intrusion in the coastal Rhodope aquifer system, northeastern Greece. Desalination,
, pp. 22-41.
Pliakas, F., Diamantis, Ι., and C., Petalas, 2001. Saline water intrusion and ground water artificial
recharge in east delta of Nestos river. Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Environmental
Science and Technology, University of Aegean, Dept. of Environmental Studies, and
Global Nest, Ermoupolis, Syros, Greece, 3-6th September 2001, vol.2, pp.719-726.
Rubin, Y. and S.S. Hubbard, 2005. Hydrogeophysics, X, Springer, 523 p.
Singha, K., and S. M., Gorelick, 2005. Saline tracer visualized with three-dimensional electrical resistivity
tomography: Field-scale spatial moment analysis. Water Resources Research, 41,
W05023, doi: 10.1029/2004WR003460.
Slater, L., Binley, A.M., Daily, W., and R., Johnson, 2000. Cross-hole electrical imaging of a controlled
saline tracer injection. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 44, pp.85-102.
Telford, W.M., Geldart, L.P., and R.E. Sheriff, 1990. Applied Geophysics, 2nd ed.: Cambridge University
Press.
Tsourlos, P., Ogilvy R.D., Meldrum P.I., and Williams G.M., 2003. Time-lapse monitoring in single
boreholes using electrical resistivity tomography. Journal of Environmental and Engineering
Geophysics, 8, pp.1-14.
Tsourlos, P., Ogilvy R.D., and C., Papazachos, 2004. Borehole-to-surface ERT inversion. Proceedings
th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, 6-9th September
, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Tsourlos, P., Ogilvy R.D., and P., Meldrum, 2005. Time-lapse Monitoring using Borehole-toSurface
Electrical Resistivity Tomography. Proceedings 11th European Meeting of Environmental
and Engineering Geophysics, 6-9th September 2005, Palermo, Italy.
Vengosh, A., and E. Rosenthal, 1994. Saline groundwater in Israel: its bearing on the water crisis in
the country. Journal of Hydrology, 156, pp. 389-430.
Vereecken, H., Binley, A., Cassiani, G., Revil, A., and K. Titov, 2006. Applied Hydrogeophysics,
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Soils and Groundwater Contamination:
Improved Risk Assessment, St. Petersburg, Russia, 25-29 July 2004. Series: NATO Science
Series: IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences , Vol. 71, XII, 383 p.
Wilkinson, P B, Chambers, J E, Lelliott, M., Wealthall P., and R.D., Ogilvy 2008. Extreme sensitivity
of crosshole electrical resistivity tomography measurements to geometric errors. Geophysical
Journal International, Vol. 173, 49-62.
Zhou, B., and S.A., Greenhalgh, 2000. Cross-hole resistivity tomography using different electrode
Configurations. Geophysical Prospecting, 48, pp.887-912.
Ziegenbalg, G., Dimitriadis, K., and E., Sarrikostis, 2002. CRYSTECHSALIN-A European project
to manage and reduce saline water intrusion in coastal aquifers. Proceedings of 6th Greek Hydrogeology
Congress, Xanthi, Greece, 8-10th November 2002, pp.13-21.
Most read articles by the same author(s)