AMBIENT NOISE HORIZONTAL-TO-VERTICAL SPECTRAL RATIO FOR ASSESSING SITE EFFECTS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS: THE CASE OF THESSALONIKI CITY ( NORTHERN GREECE )

PDF (English)
Δημοσιευμένα: янв. 1, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16536
A. A. Panou
Geophysical Laboratory, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering
N. Theodulidis
Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering
P. M. Hatzidimitriou
Geophysical Laboratory, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
C. B. Papazachos
Geophysical Laboratory, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
K. Stylianidis
Laboratory of Reinforced Concrete Structures, Department of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Περίληψη

250 ambient noise measurements were performed in a dense grid (about 150mX150m) covering the historical center of the city of Thessaloniki (Northern Greece), that was strongly affected by the 20/6/1978 (M=6.5) damaging earthquake. The data were processed using the method of horizontal- to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio (Nogoshi and Igarashi, 1971; Nakamura, 1989). In order to evaluate diurnal and seasonal variation (summer - winter) of the ambient noise H/V spectral ratio, systematic measurements were performed in eight sites. The fundamental frequency (fo) and the corresponding H/V amplitude level (Ao) from the ambient noise H/V spectral ratio for each site were calculated. Spatial interpolation of the fundamental frequency (fo) and the corresponding H/V amplitude level (Ao) was attempted between all points and respective contour maps were produced. Diurnal variation of the ambient noise H/V spectral ratio showed that it is preferable to perform measurements during the calm hours of a day, when manmade noise is relatively low. However, no systematic seasonal fluctuation effect on the ambient noise H/V spectral ratio was identified for the city of Thessaloniki. Contour maps of both fundamental frequency (fo) and corresponding H/V amplitude level (Ao) were compared versus the macroseismic data of the 1978 earthquake (Leventakis, 2003), as well as with related geological (IGME, 1978) and geotechnical (Anastasiadis et al., 2001) studies for the same area. Damage distribution due to 20/6/1978 earthquake (Penelis et al., 1985) was also converted to EMS_98 (European Macroseismic Scale, 1998). For seventy buildings, made of reinforced concrete, we have also compared the obtained results with the dynamic amplification of the buildings (Ubuilding) at the fundamental soil frequency (fo). The results encourage the use of ambient noise measurements along with the (H/V) spectral ratio technique as a nonexpensive and fast tool in microzonation studies to be carried out in urban environments.

Λεπτομέρειες άρθρου
  • Ενότητα
  • Σεισμολογία
Creative Commons License

Αυτή η εργασία είναι αδειοδοτημένη υπό το CC Αναφορά Δημιουργού – Μη Εμπορική Χρήση 4.0.

Οι συγγραφείς θα πρέπει να είναι σύμφωνοι με τα παρακάτω: Οι συγγραφείς των άρθρων που δημοσιεύονται στο περιοδικό διατηρούν τα δικαιώματα πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας επί των άρθρων τους, δίνοντας στο περιοδικό το δικαίωμα της πρώτης δημοσίευσης. Άρθρα που δημοσιεύονται στο περιοδικό διατίθενται με άδεια Creative Commons 4.0 Non Commercial και σύμφωνα με την οποία μπορούν να χρησιμοποιούνται ελεύθερα, με αναφορά στο/στη συγγραφέα και στην πρώτη δημοσίευση για μη κερδοσκοπικούς σκοπούς. Οι συγγραφείς μπορούν να: Μοιραστούν — αντιγράψουν και αναδιανέμουν το υλικό με κάθε μέσο και τρόπο, Προσαρμόσουν — αναμείξουν, τροποποιήσουν και δημιουργήσουν πάνω στο υλικό.

Λήψεις
Τα δεδομένα λήψης δεν είναι ακόμη διαθέσιμα.
Αναφορές
Alfaro, Α., Pujades L. G., Goula, X., Susagna, T., Navarro, M., Sanchez, J., and Canas A. (2001), Preliminary map of soil's predominant periods in Barcelona using Ambient noises, Pure Appi. Geophys. 158, 2499-2511.
Anastasiadis, Α., Raptakis, D., Pitilakis, K., (2001), Thessaloniki's Detailed Microzoning: Subsurface Structure Site Response Analysis, Pure Appi. Geophys. 158, 2597-2633.
Bahavar, M., and North, R. (2002), Estimation of Background Noise for International Monitoring System Seismic Stations, Pure Appi. Geophys. 159, 911-944.
Bard, P.-Y. (1999), Ambient noise Measurements: A tool for site effect estimation?, In The Effects of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion, (ed. Irikura, Kudo, Okada and Sasatani) (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1999) pp. 1251-1279.
Bour, M., Fouissac, D., Dominique, P., and Martin, C. (1998), On the use of ambient noise recordings in seismic microzonation, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 17, 465-474.
Châtelain, J.-L, Gueguen, Ph., Guillier, B., Frechet, J., Bondoux, F., Sarrault, J., Sulpice, P., and Neuville J.-M. (2000), Cityshark: A user-friendly instrument dedicated to ambient noise (ambient noise) recording for site and building response studies, Seismol. Res. Lett. 71, 698-703.
Châvez-Garcia, F. J., and Cuenca, J. (1996), Site effects in Mexico City urban zone. A complementary study, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 15, 141-146.
Delgado, J., Lopez Casado, C, Giner, J., Estévez, Α., Cuenca, Α., and Molina, S. (2000a), Microtremors as a Geophysical Exploration Tool: Application and Limitations, Pure Appi. Geophys. 158, 2525-2541.
Delgado, J., Lopez Casado, C, Estévez, Α., Giner, J., Cuenca, Α., and Molina, S. (2000b), Mapping soft soils in the Segura river valley (SE Spain): a case study of microtremors as a exploration tool, J. Appi. Geophys. 45, 19-32.
Duval, A.-M., Bard P.-Y., Mèneroud J.-P., and Vidal, S. (1995), Usefulness of ambient noises measurements for site effects, Proc. of 10th European Confer, on Earthquake Engineering, Vienna, Austria, pp. 521-528. European Macroseismic Scale, 1998, http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/pb5/pb53/projekt/ems.
Field, E., and Jacob, K. (1993), The theoretical response of sedimentary layers to ambient seismic noise, Geophys. Res. Lett. 20-24, 2925-2928.
Fyen J., (1990), Diurnal and seasonal variations in the microseismic noise level observed at the NORESS array, Phys. Earth Plan. Inter. 63, 252-268.
Gitterman, Y., Zaslavsky, Y., Sharipa, Α., and Shtivelman, V. (1996), Empirical site response evaluations: case studies in Israel, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 15, 447-463.
Havskov, J., and Ottemöller, L. (2000), SEISAN: The Earthquake Analysis Software, Report of Inst. Solid Earth Physics, Univ. Bergen (Bergen, Norway 2000).
Konno, K., and Ohmachi T. (1998). Ground-motion characteristics estimated from spectral ratio between horizontal and vertical components of ambient noise, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 88, no. 1, 228-241.
Lachet, C, and Bard, P.-Y. (1994), Numerical and Theoretical Investigations on the Possibilities and Limitations of Nakamura's Technique, J. Phys. Earth. 42, 377-397.
Lachet, C, Hatzfeld, D., Bard, P.-Y., Theodoulidis, N., Papaioannou, Ch., and Sawaidis, A. (1996), Site Effects and Microzonation in the city of Thessaloniki (Greece): Comparison of Different Approaches, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 86, 1692-1703.
LeBrun, B., Hatzfield, D. and Bard, P.-Y. (2001), Site effect study in urban area: Experimental results in Grenoble (France), Pure Appi. Geophys. 158, 2543-2557.
Leventakis, G.-A., (2003). Microzonation Study of the city of Thessaloni, PhD., Aristotle University of Thessaloniki: 84 pp (in Greek with an English abstract).
Lermo, J. and Châvez-Garcia, F. J. (1994), Are Ambient noise Useful in Site Response Evaluation?, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 84, 1350-1364.
Milana, G., Barba, S., Del Pezzo, E., and Zambonelli, E. (1996), Site Response from Ambient Noise Measurements: New Perspectives from an Array Study in Central Italy, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 86, 320-328.
Mucciarelli M., (1998), Reliability and Applicability of Nakamura's technique using Ambient noises: An experimental approach, J. Earthq. Eng. 2, 625-638.
Nakamura, Y. (1989), A method for dynamic characteristics estimation of Osubsurface using ambient noise on the ground surface, QR Railway Tech. Res. Inst. 30, 25-33.
Navarro, M., Enomoto, T., Sanchez, F. J., Matsuda, I., Iwatate, T., Posadas, A. M., Luzon, F., and Seo, K. (2001), Surface soil effects study using short-period Ambient noises observations in Almeria City, Southern Spain, Pure Appi. Geophys. 158, 2481-2497.
Nogoshi, M. and Igarashi, T. (1971), On the Amplitude Characteristics of Ambient noise (Part 2), J. Seismol. Soc. Japan 24, 26-40.
Ohta, Y., Kagami, H., Goto, N., and Kudo, K. (1978), Observations of 1-5second ambient noise and their application to earthquake engineering. Part I: Comaparison with long-period accelerations at the Tokachi-Oki earthquqke of 1968, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 68, 767-779.
Ojeda, Α., and Escallon, J. (2000), Comparison between different techniques for evaluation of predominant periods using strong ground motions records and microtremors in Pereira Colombia, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 20, 137-143.
Parolai S., Bormann, P., and Milkereit, C, (2002), New relationships between Vs, Thickness of Sediments and Resonance frequency calculated by the H/V ratio of seismic noise for the Cologne area (Germany), Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 92, 2521-2527.
Penelis G., Stylianidis K., Stavrakakis E., 1985. Statistical evaluation of the response of the buildings in the center of Thessaloniki to the earthquake of 20 June 1978, 12th regional Seminar on Earthquake Engineering.
Rodriguez, V. H. S. and Midorikawa S., (2002). Applicability of the H/V spectral ratio of ambient noises in assessing
site effects on seismic motion, Earthq. Eng. and Structural Dynamics 31, 261-279.
SESAME Project 2003, Site Effects assessment using AMbient Excitations, http://sesame-fp5.obs.uifqrenoble.
fr.
Suzuki T., Adachi Y., Tanaka M., (1995), Application of ambient noise measurements to the estimation of earthquake ground motions in Kushiro city during the Kushiro-Oki earthquake of 15 January 1993, Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. 24, 595-613.
Teves-Costa, P., Mafias, L., Bard, P.-Y. (1996), Seismic behaviour estimation of thin alluvium layers using ambient noise recordings, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 15, 201-209.
Toshinawa, J., Taber, J., and Berril, J. (1997), Distribution of ground-motion intensity from questionnaire survey, earthquake recordings, and microtremor measurements - A case study in Christchurch, New Zealand, during the 1994 Arthus Pass earthquake, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 87, 356-369.
Triantafyllidis, P., Hatzidimitriou, P., Theodoulidis, N., Suhadolc, P., Papazachos, C, Raptakis, D., and Lontzetidis, K. (1999), Site Effects in the city of Thessaloniki (Greece) estimated from acceleration data and 1D local soil profiles, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 89, 521-537.
Tsilingiridis, G., Zachariadis, Th., and Samaras, Z., (2002), Spatial and temporal characteristics of air pollutant emissions in Thessaloniki, Greece: investigation of emission abatement measure, Sc. Total Environ. 300, 99-113.
Τα περισσότερο διαβασμένα άρθρα του ίδιου συγγραφέα(s)