Internal Security vs. Democratic Freedoms: The Problematic in Dealing with the Case of Religious Terrorism in European States
Published:
Dec 29, 2020
Keywords:
democratic freedoms European states internal security policies religious fundamentalism terrorism
Abstract
Undoubtedly, the last decades have been marked by the growing effort of nations to reduce the effects of terrorism, a consequence of the rise of religious fundamentalism. To this end, it is observed that many European countries have been taking measures to ensure their national security, endangering certain democratic rights. By reviewing the policies of some European states against terrorism, the present brief attempts to determine the relation between the level of security of a state and the degree of restriction of democratic freedoms, within the political context of the state in question.
Article Details
- How to Cite
-
Kyrgos, Z. S., Pantazis, D. G., & Kalasountas, S. T. (2020). Internal Security vs. Democratic Freedoms: The Problematic in Dealing with the Case of Religious Terrorism in European States. HAPSc Policy Briefs Series, 1(2), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.12681/hapscpbs.26475
- Section
- Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Amnesty International (2018). Punished without trial: the use of administrative control measures in the context of counter-terrorism in France. (Report) Available at: https://www.amnesty.nl/content/uploads/2018/12/Punished-without-trial-The-use-of-administrative-control-measures-in-the-context-of-counter-terrorism-in-France.pdf?x62320 (Accessed: 16/11/2020).
Bartolucci, V. (2017). The Perils and Prospects of the French Approach to Counterterrorism. In: Romaniuk, S. N., et al (Ed), The Palgrave Handbook of Global Counterterrorism Policy. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 437-458.
(Belgian) Action plan against radicalism "Plan R" (2019). Available at: https://www.besafe.be/sites/default/files/2019-06/planr_en.pdf (Accessed: 21/11/2020).
(Belgian) Federal Framework Memorandum on Integral Security (2016). Available at: https://www.besafe.be/sites/default/files/2018-05/2016-06-07_note-cadre_de_securite_integrale_fr_1.pdf (Accessed: 21/11/2020) (in French).
Bove, V. and Böhmelt, T. (2016). Does immigration induce terrorism?. The Journal of Politics, 78(2): 572-588.
Chaliand, G., and Blin, A. (2007). The history of terrorism: from antiquity to Al-Qaida. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.
Chang, B. O. (2005). Islamic Fundamentalism, Jihad, and Terrorism. Journal of International Development and Cooperation, 11(1): 57-67.
Committee of Experts of the Council of Europe against Terrorism (2016). National capacity profiles against terrorism: Belgium. Available at: https://rm.coe.int/16806ed6ba (Accessed: 21/11/2020) (in French).
Committee of Experts of the Council of Europe against Terrorism (2016). National capacity profiles against terrorism: Germany. Available at: https://rm.coe.int/1680641010 (Accessed: 21/11/2020).
D’Amato, S. (2019). Islamization of criminal behaviour: The path to terrorism? Terrorist threat and crime in French counterterrorism policy-formulation. European Journal of Criminology, 16(3): 332-350.
Doty, R. L. (1998). Immigration and the Politics of Security. Security Studies, 8(2-3): 71-93.
French Ministry of European and International Affairs (2015). 16 November 2015 - François Hollande’s Speech Before a Joint Session of Parliament. Available at: https://onu.delegfrance.org/Francois-Hollande-s-Speech-Before-a-Joint-Session-of-Parliament?fbclid=IwAR07RnN5pnZFO3sBbCMqpUEZS1aEpB3OaQrORmd6yXPlp24bKxu6TnQZFhY (Accessed: 21/11/2020).
(German) Federal Ministry for Families, Seniors, Women and Youth (2016). Federal Strategy for the Prevention of Extremism and the Promotion of Democracy. Available at: https://www.bmfsfj.de/blob/109002/5278d578ff8c59a19d4bef9fe4c034d8/strategie-der-bundesregierung-zur-extremismuspraevention-und-demokratiefoerderung-data.pdf (Accessed: 16/11/2020).
Humenberger, M. (2018). Dynamics and root causes of recent major terrorist attacks in Europe. Vienna: Diplomatic Academy of Vienna. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323856159_Dynamics_and_root_causes_of_recent_major_terrorist_attacks_in_Europe (Accessed: 16/11/2020).
Kiras, D. J. (2013). Terrorism and globalization. In: Baylis, J. et al (Ed.), The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations. Athens: Epikentro (Greek Edition), pp.504-525.
Murshed, S. M. & Pavan, S. (2009). Identity and Islamic Radicalization in Western Europe. MICROCON Research Working Paper No. 16. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1488813 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1488813. (Accessed: 16/11/2020).
Rault, C. (2010). The French approach to counterterrorism. CTC Sentinel, 3(1): 22-25.
Vasilopoulou-Athanasopoulou, A. (2017). European integration and counter-terrorism: institutional and political trends, transatlantic cooperation. Athens: Pataki (in Greek).
United Nations Committee for Human Rights (2018). Human rights and counter-terrorism: UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism concludes visit to Belgium. Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/FR/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=23164&LangID=E (Accessed: 16/11/2020).
Zöller, V. (2004). Liberty dies by inches: German counter-terrorism measures and human rights. German Law Journal, 5(5): 469-494.
