Pondering Deeper, Ahead and Beyond Over the Use of ChatGPT in H(A)Igher Education

PDF (English)
Publiée : Dec 31, 2023
DOI : https://doi.org/10.12681/hapscpbs.36697
Elena Soroliou
MA in Education and Human Rights, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and BA in Social and Education Policy, University of the Peloponnese, Greece.
Maria Ontil Kritikou
BA in Political Science, Department of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Greece.
Sotiris Antonopoulos
BSc student in Economics, Department of Economics, University of Piraeus, Greece.
Anna Kania
MA in English Philology, Institute of English Studies, University of Warsaw, BA in European Studies, Centre for Europe, University of Warsaw, Poland.
Résumé

While within the last months several studies reveal the real and full implementations of the cutting edge ChatGPT in higher education institutions, a comprehensive examination of its potential at the micro and macro levels of higher education is crucial. To address this gap, this policy brief scrutinises the integrated and potential capabilities of ChatGPT through three lenses-levels: student-facing, teacher-facing, and system-facing advantages, disadvantages, blind spots, challenges, and risks. The core aim of this policy brief is to research and shed light on a robust and nuanced understanding of the level of (in-)appropriateness of ChatGPT's use in higher education among core stakeholders, i.e. educators, students, and administrators, who co-sign an “educational contract” via core emerging trends and implications. Finally, a set of applicable recommendations is presented for policy makers, other interlocutors, and future researchers, in order to walk the talk for a more ethical, inclusive and equitable use of AI in higher education, since a “one-size fits all” approach should be strongly avoided.

Article Details
  • Rubrique
  • Articles
Creative Commons License

Ce travail est disponible sous la licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International .

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Téléchargements
Les données relatives au téléchargement ne sont pas encore disponibles.
Références
Buchholz, C. (2023). Chart: ChatGPT Sprints to One Million Users. The Wire. Available at: https://thewire.in/tech/chart-chatgpt-sprints-to-one-million-users (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Channon, M. (2023, March 29). Is Open AI ChatGPT Safe?' Google searches soar 614% as Elon Musk warns of 'profound' AI risk. BelfastLive. Available at: https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/is-open-ai-chatgpt-safe-26590453 (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Engler, A. (2023, February 21). Early thoughts on regulating generative AI like ChatGPT. Brookings. Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/techtank/2023/02/21/early-thoughts-on-regulating-generative-ai-like-chatgpt/ (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Entrepreneur Staff. (2023, February 16). How Will ChatGPT Change Education and Teaching? Entrepreneur. Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/science-technology/how-will-chatgpt-change-education-and-teaching/445018 (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Espinoza, J. (2023, June 30). European companies sound alarm over draft AI law. Financial Times. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/9b72a5f4-a6d8-41aa-95b8-c75f0bc92465 (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
EU AI Act. (2021, April 21). The Artificial Intelligence Act: What is the EU AI Act? Available at: https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
European Commission. (2023, June 20). Regulatory framework proposal on artificial intelligence. European Commission. Available at: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/regulatory-framework-ai (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Future of Life Institute. (2023, April 19). What can policymakers do now to combat risks from advanced AI systems? Policymaking in the Pause. OER Commons. Available at: https://futureoflife.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/FLI_Policymaking_In_The_Pause.pdf (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Gilbard, M. (2023, January 31). Navigating the Risks and Rewards of ChatGPT. Teachers College Columbia University. Available at: https://www.tc.columbia.edu/articles/2023/january/navigating-the-risks-and-rewards-of-chatgpt/ (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Guyatt, C. (2023, March 23). ChatGPT in higher education: Will artificial intelligence help or hinder authentic learning? Teaching for Learning @ McGill University. Available at: https://teachingblog.mcgill.ca/2023/03/23/chat-gpt-in-higher-ed-will-artificial-intelligence-help-or-hinder-authentic-learning/?subscribe=success#subscribe-blog-blog_subscription-2 (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Heaven, W. D. (2023, April 6). ChatGPT is going to change education, not destroy it. MIT Technology Review. Available at: https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/04/06/1071059/chatgpt-change-not-destroy-education-openai/ (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Heaven, W. D. (2020, November 18). The way we train AI is fundamentally flawed. MIT Technology Review. Available at: https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/11/18/1012234/training-machine-learning-broken-real-world-heath-nlp-computer-vision/ (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
IBM (2023). What is Natural Language Processing (NLP)? IBM. Available at: https://www.ibm.com/topics/natural-language-processing (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
LLanera, K. et al. (2023, January 31). ChatGPT is just the beginning: Artificial intelligence is ready to transform the world. El Pais. Available at: https://english.elpais.com/science-tech/2023-01-31/chatgpt-is-just-the-beginning-artificial-intelligence-is-ready-to-transform-the-world.html (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Marr, B. (2023, May 19). A Short History Of ChatGPT: How We Got To Where We Are Today. Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2023/05/19/a-short-history-of-chatgpt-how-we-got-to-where-we-are-today/?sh=21d68fd2674f (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
McGraw Hill (2023, March 30). Revolutionising Higher Education ChatGPT and the Future of Learning [Video]. You Tube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EQCY5UMn10 (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Mehrishi, M. (2023, February 7). The Dangers of ChatGPT: How It Can Put You at Risk. OpenGrowth. Available at: https://www.opengrowth.com/resources/the-dangers-of-chatgpt-how-it-can-put-you-at-risk (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Metzler, K. and ChatGPT (2022, February 12). How ChatGPT Could Transform Higher Education. Social Science Space. Available at: https://www.socialsciencespace.com/2022/12/how-chatgpt-could-transform-higher-education/ (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Milmo, D. (2023). ChatGPT reaches 100 million users two months after launch. The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/feb/02/chatgpt-100-million-users-open-ai-fastest-growing-app (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
National Cyber Security Center. (2023, March 14) ChatGPT and large language models: what's the risk? Available at: https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/blog-post/chatgpt-and-large-language-models-whats-the-risk (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
O’Byrne, W. I. (2023, April 18). Can AI improve education? Here are 4 potential use cases. World Economic Forum. Available at: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/04/can-ai-improve-education-here-are-4-potential-use-cases/ (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Rainee, l & Anderson, J. et al. (2017, February 8). Theme 7: The need grows for algorithmic literacy, transparency and oversight. Pew Research Center. Available at: https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2017/02/08/theme-7-the-need-grows-for-algorithmic-literacy-transparency-and-oversight/ (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Roose, K. (2022, December 8). The brilliance and weirdness of ChatGPT. San Francisco Examiner. Available at: https://www.sfexaminer.com/our_sections/forum/the-brilliance-and-weirdness-of-chatgpt/article_9888e9aa-7699-11ed-b6cb-8b678f09bd1e.html (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Roose, K. (2022, December 5). The Brilliance and Weirdness of ChatGPT. New York Times. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/05/technology/chatgpt-ai-twitter.html (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Sabzalieva E.& Valentini A.(2023). ChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education. Quick Start Guide. OER Commons. Available at: https://www.iesalc.unesco.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/ChatGPT-and-Artificial-Intelligence-in-higher-education-Quick-Start-guide_EN_FINAL.pdf (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Stalzer, S. (2023). Considerations and potential for ChatGPT in Higher Education. [Video]. McGraw Hill. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DjJZrM4nlJw (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Stock, L. (2023, January 24). ChatGPT is changing education, AI experts say — but how? Deutsche Welle. Available at: https://www.dw.com/en/chatgpt-is-changing-education-ai-experts-say-but-how/a-64454752 (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Sullivan, M., Kelly, A. & McLaughlan, P. (2023, March 20). ChatGPT in higher education: Considerations for academic integrity and student learning. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 6(1).
Tajik, E. & Tajik, F. T. (2023, April 12). A comprehensive Examination of the potential application of Chat GPT in Higher Education Institutions. OER Commons. Available at: https://www.techrxiv.org/articles/preprint/A_comprehensive_Examination_of_the_potential_application_of_Chat_GPT_in_Higher_Education_Institutions/22589497 (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Tech Business News. (2023, July 7). ChatGPT May Lead to The Downfall Of Education and Critical Thinking. Available at: https://www.techbusinessnews.com.au/blog/chatgpt-may-lead-to-the-downfall-of-eduction-and-critical-thinking/#potential-negatives-of-using-chat-gpt-in-education (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Tiulkanov, A. (2023, January 19). Is it safe to use ChatGPT for your task? [Image attached] [Post] LinkedIn. Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/tyulkanov_a-simple-algorithm-to-decide-whether-to-use-activity-7021766139605078016-x8Q9/ (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
UNESCO (2021, November 9-24). Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Available at: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380455 (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
University of Cambridge. (n.d.). ChatGPT: (we need to talk). Available at: https://news.educ.cam.ac.uk/230403-chat-gpt-education (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Varwandkar, A. (2023, February 10). Is ChatGPT the end of thinking skills? The Times of India. Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/the-next-step/is-chat-gpt-the-end-of-thinking-skills/ (Accessed: 15/11/2023).
Wingard, J. (2023, January 10). ChatGPT: A Threat to Higher Education? Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jasonwingard/2023/01/10/chatgpt-a-threat-to-higher-education/ (Accessed: 15/11/2023).