Did Securitization Fail to Contain the Covid-19 Pandemic? The Case of Greece

PDF (English)
Опубликован: Dec 29, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/hapscpbs.26453
Nikolaos Lampas
American College of Greece, Deree
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1956-2279
Аннотация

In response to the COVID-19 Pandemic many European governments responded by securitizing the pandemic and adopting a series of emergency measures in order to curb the spread of the pandemic. However, in most cases the measures were unsuccessful. Does this constitute a failure of securitization? In order to address this question, we will analyze the case of Greece. The case of Greece is particularly interesting because it was one of the first countries to adopt emergency measures and for a time it was heralded as a success story in countering the effects of the pandemic. According to the findings of this brief, the case of Greece does not constitute a failure of securitization. The Greek government did show a degree of inconsistency in its efforts of securitizing the pandemic but that was consistent with the fluctuation of the number of confirmed cases and COVID-19 related deaths and the impact of the pandemic on the Greek economy and attitude of the general population.

Article Details
  • Раздел
  • Articles
Лицензия Creative Commons

Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Скачивания
Данные скачивания пока недоступны.
Биография автора
Nikolaos Lampas, American College of Greece, Deree

Dr. Nikolaos Lampas is an Assistant Professor of International and European Affairs, at the American College of Greece, Deree, and also serves as Coordinator for the International and European Affairs program.

Библиографические ссылки
Bamias, G., Lagou, S., Gizis, M., Karampekos, G., Kyriakoulis, K. G., Pontas, C. and Mantzaris, G. J. (2020). "The Greek Response to COVID-19: A True Success Story from an IBD Perspective". Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 26 (8): 1144-1148. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izaa143.
Buzan, B., Wæver, O. and de Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A New Framework for Analysis: Lynne Rienner Pub.
Byaruhanga, R. (2020). "The Impact of Covid-19 on Securitization of Migration and Mobility in the United States". European Journal of Social Scienses, Studies 5 (6): 95-109.
Cook, A. H. (2010). "Securitization of Disease in the United States: Globalization, Public Policy, and Pandemics". Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy, 1 (1): 11-31. doi: 10.2202/1944-4079.1019.
Elbe, S. (2006). "Should HIV/AIDS Be Securitized? The Ethical Dilemmas of Linking HIV/AIDS and Security", International Studies Quarterly, 50 (1): 119-144.
Farzanegan, M. R., Gholipour, H. F., Feizi, M., Nunkoo, R. and Andargoli, A. E. (2020). "International Tourism and Outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Cross-Country Analysis". Journal of Travel Research, 0 (0):0047287520931593. doi: 10.1177/0047287520931593.
Floyd, R. (2016). "Extraordinary or ordinary emergency measures: what, and who, defines the ‘success’ of securitization?". Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 29 (2): 677-694. doi: 10.1080/09557571.2015.1077651.
Gaudino, U. (2020). "The Ideological Securitization of COVID-19: Perspectives from the Right and the Left". E-International Relations. Available at: https://www.e-ir.info/2020/07/28/the-ideological-securitization-of-covid-19-perspectives-from-the-right-and-the-left/ (Accesed: November 18, 2020).
Hale, W., Petherick, P., and Kira, B. (2020). "Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker." Available at: https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/research/research-projects/coronavirus-government-response-tracker?fbclid=IwAR114tjudPxv1OCCgqv9nXvW_wdAVH89OHQ4eCvVsJDVonTm1A3u2CVX4nU (Accessed: November 17, 2020).
Hellenic Ministry of Health. (2020). "Press Release-Safety Rules." Available at: https://www.moh.gov.gr/articles/ministry/grafeio-typoy/press-releases/6708-throyme-toys-kanones-ygieinhs?admin_access=eVYrZXJ0dnQ4amkveFA1SDlkV3ZqZjZ0elNab0VyNDVNaTNKZ3RUMDNvQnMzeDd4WDAyNEp2bUR5ZHRYbjNaUVdFNVNkbTV3WjI5dVdtb3lWV1pEUjJGSmQzTlFkejA5 (Acessed, November 17, 2020).
Hoffman, A. (2020). "The Securitization of the Coronavirus Crisis in the Middle East". Project of Middle East Political Science, 39.
Kamradt-Scott, A. and McInnes, C. (2012). "The securitisation of pandemic influenza: Framing, security and public policy". Global Public Health, 7(sup2):95-110. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2012.725752.
Kwstopoulos, T. (2020). "The pandemic as 'war'". Efsyn.gr, Available at: https://www.efsyn.gr/themata/fantasma-tis-istorias/242614_i-pandimia-os-polemos (Accessed: November 18, 2020). [in Greek].
Liu, X., and Bennett, M. M. (2020). "Viral borders: COVID-19’s effects on securitization, surveillance, and identity in Mainland China and Hong Kong". Dialogues in Human Geography, 10 (2):158-163. doi: 10.1177/2043820620933828.
Mallet, V. (2020). "‘We are at war’ against virus, says Macron". Financial Times. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/d6c96612-67c0-11ea-800d-da70cff6e4d3.
Mandravelis, P. (2020). "The Pandemic as War". Kathimerini. Available at: https://www.kathimerini.gr/opinion/1073527/i-pandimia-os-polemos/ (Accessed: November 18, 2020).
Mariolis, T., Rodousakis, N. and Soklis, G. (2020). "The COVID-19 multiplier effects of tourism on the Greek economy". Tourism Economics, 0 (0):1354816620946547. doi: 10.1177/1354816620946547.
McInnes, C. and Rushton, S. (2013). "HIV/AIDS and securitization theory". European Journal of International Relations, 19(1):115-138. doi: 10.1177/1354066111425258.
Mitsotakis, K. (2020). "Message of the Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis for the Coronavirus". Available at: https://primeminister.gr/2020/03/17/23593 (Accessed: October 31, 2020).
Nunes, J. (2020). "A pandemia de COVID-19: securitização, crise neoliberal e a vulnerabilização global". Cadernos de Saúde Pública 36.
Perrigo, B. and Hincks, J. (2020). "Greece Has an Elderly Population and a Fragile Economy. How Has It Escaped the Worst of the Coronavirus So Far?". TIME, Available at: https://time.com/5824836/greece-coronavirus/ (Accessed: November 18: 2020)
Shafer, J. (2020). "Behind Trump’s Strange ‘Invisible Enemy’ Rhetoric". POLITICO. https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/04/09/trump-coronavirus-invisible-enemy-177894.
TA NEA. (2020). ""Come to Greece" the Message of the Prime Minister from Santorini for Tourism". Available at: https://www.tanea.gr/2020/06/13/politics/live-oi-anakoinoseis-mitsotaki-apo-ti-santorini-gia-tin-enarksi-tou-ellinikou-tourismou/ (Accessed: November 18, 2020).
Taureck, R. (2006). "Securitization theory and securitization studies". Journal of International Relations and Development, 9(1):53-61. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jird.1800072.
Vieria, M. Aa. (2007). "The Securitization of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic as a Norm." Brazilian Political Science Review, 2.
Watterson, C. and Kamradt-Scott, A. (2016). "Fighting Flu:Securitization and the Military Role in Combating Influenza". Armed Forces & Society, 42(1):145-168. doi: 10.1177/0095327x14567364.
World Health Organization. (2020). "Covid-19" Available at: https://covid19.who.int/region/euro/country/gr. (Accessed: November 17, 2020).