Structure and Dynamics of Phytoplankton Populations in the Black Sea from 2014 to 2017

PDF (English) SUPPL FILE (English)
Publicado: Oct 21, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.37603
FATIH SAHIN
Sinop University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Marine Biology, Sinop, Türkiye
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0605-2672
Resumen

This study investigated the seasonal variations in phytoplankton communities along the Turkish Black Sea coast (2014-2017). Analyzing data from 20 stations revealed high biodiversity (175 species across 14 classes). Phytoplankton abundance showed distinct seasonality, with a peak in summer (2017, 96.6%) and lows in winter, characterized by dinoflagellate dominance. In terms of biomass, diatoms dominated in half of the sampling seasons, while dinoflagellates dominated in the other half at the surface during the study period. The dominance of dinoflagellates corresponded to the winters and summers of 2015 and 2016. The winter conditions of 2015 were harsh. The surface water community composition sometimes varied from that of the water column. Importantly, 44 potentially toxic species were identified, comprising 25% of the community and significantly contributing to both abundance (73.2-98.6%) and biomass (64-90.2%) throughout the year. These results highlight the unique structure of the Black Sea phytoplankton community, characterized by seasonal dominance of diatoms and a significant presence of potentially toxic species. Season, year, and water depth significantly influenced the phytoplankton assemblages. Water temperature was negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen and nitrogen-based nutrients.

Article Details
  • Sección
  • Research Article

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
Biografía del autor/a
FATIH SAHIN, Sinop University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Marine Biology, Sinop, Türkiye

 

 

 

Citas
Ağırbaş, E., 2010. Interaction of pigment concentration and primary production with environmental condition in the Southeastern Black Sea. Ph.D. Thesis. Karadeniz Technical University, Türkiye, 181 pp.
Agirbas, E., Feyzioğlu, A.M., Kopuz, U., 2014. Seasonal changes of phytoplankton chlorophyll a, primary production and their relation in the continental shelf area of the South Eastern Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 14, 713-726.
Agirbas, E., Feyzioglu, A.M., Kopuz, U., Llewellyn, C., 2015. Phytoplankton community composition in the south-eastern Black Sea determined with pigments measured by HPLCCHEMTAX analyses and microscopy cell counts. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95 (1), 35-52.
Agirbas, E., Koca, L., Aytan, U., 2017. Spatio-temporal pattern of phytoplankton and pigment composition in surface waters of south-eastern Black Sea. Oceanologia, 59, 283-299.
Balkis-Ozdelice, N., Anda Peynirci, M., 2019. Seasonal changes in phytoplankton community structure of southwestern coast of the Black Sea. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28 (2), 788-798.
Bayrakdar, S., 1994. Distribution of phytoplankton (>55 μm) along the Turkish coasts and at the North-western shelf area of the Black Sea. MSc Thesis. Middle East Technical University, Türkiye, 195 pp.
Baytut, Ö., 2004. A study on phytoplankton distribution and variation along the Samsun Black Sea coastline. MSc Thesis. Ondokuz Mayıs University, Türkiye, 163 pp.
Benli, H.A., 1987. Investigation of plankton distribution in the southern Black Sea and its effects on particle flux. In: Particle Flux in the Ocean. E.T. Degens, E. Izdar and S. Honjo, (Eds.). Mitt. Geol.-Palaont. Inst., Univ. Hamburg, Hamburg-Germany. SCOPE UNEP Sonderband, 62, 77-88.
Bircan, R., Bat, L., Kıdeyş, A. E., Satılmış, H.H., Üstün, F., et al., 2005. The dynamic and time series of lower trophic layer in the Black Sea of the Sinop Region. The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) Project Number 199Y121, Final Report, 75 pp.
BSPC Editorial Board, 2013. Black Sea Phytoplankton Checklist. http://phyto.bss.ibss.org.ua (Accessed 10 December 2023).
BS SAP, 2009. Strategic Action Plan for the Environmental Protection and Rehabilitation of the Black Sea. Adopted in Sofia, Bulgaria, 17 April 2009 (Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (blacksea-commission. org).
Büyükhatipoğlu, Ş., Bat, L., Kıdeyş, A.E., Tuğrul, S., Zagorodnyaya, J. et al., 2002. Process-oriented biochemical studies of the central Black Sea off the Cape Sinop. DPT Project Number YDABÇAG-61 197Y156, Final Report, 92 pp.
Çokacar, T., 2023. Spatial and temporal variability of the surface temperature in the Black Sea between 2000-2022. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Journal of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, 6 (2), 158-165.
Danovaro, R., Carugati, L., Berzano, M., Cahill, A.E., Carvalho, S. et al., 2016. Implementing and Innovating Marine Monitoring Approaches for Assessing Marine Environmental Status. Frontiers in Marine Science, 3, 213.
Eker, E., 1998. Abundance and biomass of micro- and nannophytoplankton in the Northwestern and Southern Black Sea in 1995. MSc Thesis. Middle East Technical University, Türkiye, 212 pp.
Eker, E., Georgieva, L., Senichkina, L., Kideys, A.E., 1999. Phytoplankton distribution in the western and eastern Black Sea in spring and autumn 1995. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 56, 15-22.
Eker-Develi, E., Kideys, A.E., 2003. Distribution of phytoplankton in the southern Black Sea in summer 1996, spring and autumn 1998. Journal of Marine Systems, 39, 203-211.
Esensoy, F.B., 2014. Seasonal community structure of the microplankton in the Eastern Black Sea region. Ph.D. Thesis. Karadeniz Technical University, Türkiye, 110 pp.
EU, 2000. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities L327, 1-72.
EU, 2008. Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive). Official Journal of the European Communities L164, 19-40.
Feyzioğlu, A.M., 1990. Qualitative and quantitative investigation of Eastern Black Sea phytoplankton species. MSc Thesis. Karadeniz Technical University, Türkiye, 51 pp.
Feyzioğlu, A.M., 1996. Seasonal changes on phytoplankton dynamics in Eastern Black Sea ecosystem. Ph.D. Thesis. Karadeniz Technical University, Türkiye, 120 pp.
Feyzioğlu, A.M., Seyhan, K., 2007. Phytoplankton composition of south east Black Sea coast. J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 13, 61-71.
GEOHAB, 2001. Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms. Science Plan, Glibert, P. and Pitcher, G. (Eds.). Baltimore, Paris, SCORIOC.
Gönlügür, G., 1995. A study concerning the main planktonic organisms of the inner harbor of the province of Sinop. MSc Thesis. Ondokuz Mayıs University, Türkiye, 102 pp.
Guiry, M.D., Guiry, G.M., 2023. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. https://www.algaebase.org (Accessed 7 December 2023).
Hallegraeff, G.M., 2021. Global HAB Status Report. A Scientific Summary for Policy Makers. Hallegraeff, G.M., Enevoldsen, H., Zingone, A. (Eds), Paris, UNESCO. (IOC Information Document, 1399). Harmful Algal Event Database, 2023. http://haedat.iode.org/ (Accessed 20 December 2023).
Hillebrand, H., Dürselen, C.-D., Kirschtel, D., Pollingher, U., Zohary, T., 1999. Biovolume calculation for pelagic and benthic microalgae. Journal of Phycology, 35, 403-424.
Karaçam, H., Düzgüneş, E., 1990. A study on the phytoplankton of Trabzon coast. İstanbul University Journal of Aquatic Products, 4 (1), 95-102.
Kiselev, I.A., 1950. Dinoflagellate of the seas and fresh waters of the USSR. Academy of Science of USSR, Leningrad, Moscow, 279 pp.
Koca, L., 2014. Temporal variation of diatom/dinoflagellat ratios and pigment composition along the South-Eastern coasts (Rize) of the Black Sea. MSc Thesis. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Türkiye, 65 pp.
Lundholm, N., Churro, C., Escalera, L., Fraga, S., Hoppenrath, M. et al., 2009 onwards. IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae. https://www.marinespecies. org/hab (Accessed 25 December 2023).
McNaughton, S.J.N., 1967. Relationships among functional properties of Californian grassland. Nature, 216 (5111), 168-169.
Mikaelyan, A., 2008. Long-term changes in taxonomic structure of phytoplankton communities in the Northern part of the Black Sea. In: 2nd Biannual and Black Sea Scene EC project joint conference on climate change in the Black Sea – hypothesis, observations, trends, scenarios and mitigation strategy for the ecosystem. 6-9 October 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Mikaelyan, A., Kubryakov, A.A., Silkin, V.A., Pautova, L.A., Chasovnikov, V.K., 2018. Regional climate and patterns of phytoplankton annual succession in the open waters of the Black Sea. Deep-Sea Research Part I, 142, 44-57.
MISIS Joint Cruise Scientific Report, 2014. State of Environment Report of the Western Black Sea based on Joint MISIS cruise (SoE-WBS). Moncheva S. and L. Boicenco (Eds.), ExPonto, 401 pp.
Moncheva, S., Parr, B., 2010. Manual for phytoplankton sampling and analysis in the Black Sea, 68. from http://documents. blacksea – commission.org/Downloads/ Phytoplankton_ Manual-Final-1.pdf.
Moncheva S., Boicenco L., Mikaelyan, A.S., Zotov, A., Dereziuk, N. et al., 2019. The State and Dynamics of the Biological Community: 1.3.2. Phytoplankton. p. 225-285. In: State of the Environment of the Black Sea (2009-2014/5). Anatoly Krutov (Eds.). Publications of the Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution.
Nesterova, D., Moncheva, S., Mikaelyan, A., Vershinin, A., Atakov, V. et al., 2008. State of Phytoplankton. p. 133- 159. In: State of the Environment of the Black Sea (2001- 2006/7). Black Sea Commission Publications, 2008-3, Istanbul, Turkey, 448 pp.
Oguz, T., Dippner, J., Kaymaz, Z., 2006. Climatic regulation of the Black Sea hydro-meteorological and ecological properties at interannual-to-decadal time scales. Journal of Marine Systems, 60, 235-254.
Proshkina-Lavienko, A.I., 1955. Diatoms of the plankton of the Black Sea. Leningrad/Moscow, p. 220.
Seyhan, K., Feyzioğlu, A.M., Erüz, C., Boran, M., Köse, E., 2005. Dynamics of Lower Trophic Layers in the Eastern Black Sea. The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) Project Number 100Y072, Final Report, 102 pp.
Silkin, V. Mikaelyan, A.S., Pautova, L., Fedorov, A., 2021. Annual dynamics of phytoplankton in the Black Sea in relation to wind exposure. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9 (12), 1435.
Sorokin, Y.I., 2002. Black Sea Ecology and Oceanography. Amsterdam: Backhuys Publishers, 875 pp.
Soydemir, N., 2004. The composition of phytoplankton in the open waters of Turkish seas in October 2000. MSc Thesis. Mersin University, Türkiye, 76 pp.
Soyer, T., 1970. Bionomie benthique du plateau continental de la cote catalana Française. III: Les peuplements de Copepodes Harpacticoides (Crustacea). Vie Millieu, 21, 377-511.
Stanchev, H., Palazov, A., Stanceva, M., Apostolov, A., 2011. Determination of the Black Sea area and coastline length using gis methods and landsat 7 satellite images. Geo-Eco-Marina, 17, 27.
Şahin, F., 2005. The composition and seasonal distribution of phytoplankton in the region of Sinop Cape of the Black Sea, Turkey. MSc Thesis. Ondokuz Mayıs University, Türkiye, 149 pp.
Taş, S., Okuş, E., 2006. Investigation of qualitatively phytoplankton in the Turkish Coasts of the Black Sea and a species List. Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 12 (2), 181-191.
Terenko, L., Terenko, G., 2005. Harmful dinoflagellates blooms off the Ukrainian Black Sea coast as effect of eutrophication. p. 29-30. In: Hazardous Algae a Problem for Modern Ecology, 18-19 May, 2005, Gdansk, Poland.
Tomas, C.R., 1997. Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. Academic Press, 858 pp.
Tuğrul, S., Murray, J.W., Friederich, G.E., Salihoğlu, İ., 2014. Spatial and temporal variability in the chemical properties of the oxic and suboxic layers of the Black Sea. Journal of Marine Systems, 135, 29-43.
Türkoğlu, M., 1998. Phytoplankton composition and effects of bio-ecologic factors of middle Black Sea area (Coasts of Sinop Peninsula). Ph.D. Thesis. Ege University, Türkiye, 399 pp.
Türkoğlu, M., Koray, T., 2002. Phytoplankton species’ succession and nutrients in the Southern Black Sea (Bay of Sinop). Turkish Journal of Botany, 26, 235-252.
Türkoğlu, M., Koray, T., 2004. Algal blooms in surface waters of the Sinop bay in the Black Sea, Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7 (9), 1577-1585.
Uysal, Z., 1993. A preliminary study on some plankters along the Turkish Black Sea coast species composition and spatial distribution. Ph.D. Thesis. Middle East Technical University, Türkiye, 138 pp.
Uysal, Z., 2002. On the formation of net phytoplankton patches in the southern Black Sea during the spring. Hydrobiologia, 485, 173-182.
Uysal, Z., Sur, H.İ., 1995. Net phytoplankton discriminating patches along the southern Black Sea coast in winter 1990. Oceanologica Acta, 18 (6), 639-647.
Uysal, Z., Kideys, A.E., Senichkina, L., Georgieva, L., Altukhov, D. et al., 1998. Phytoplankton patches formed along the southern Black Sea coast in spring and summer 1996. p. 151-162. In: Ecosystem Modeling as a Management Tool for the Black Sea. L. Ivanov, and T. Oguz (Eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.
Vershinin A.O., Moruchkov, A.A., Leighfield, T., Sukhanova, I.N., Pan’kov, S.L. et al., 2005. Potentially toxic algae in the coastal phytoplankton of the Northeast Black Sea in 2001-2002. Oceanology, 45 (2), 224-232.
Vespremeanu, E., Golumbeanu, M., 2018. Brief History of the Black Sea and Scientific Research. p. 9-13. In: The Black Sea Physical, Environmental and Historical Perspectives. Springer Geography Series. ISBN: 978-3-319-70853- 9. pp. 150.
WoRMS Editorial Board, 2023. World Register of Marine Species. https://www.marinespecies.org (Accessed 7 December 2023).
Wu, Y., Guo, P., Su, H., Zhang, Y., Deng, J. et al., 2021. Seasonal and spatial variations in the phytoplankton community and their correlation with environmental factors in the Jinjiang River Estuary in Quanzhou. China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 194, 1-13.
Yasakova, O.N., 2013. The seasonal dynamics of potentially toxic and harmful phytoplankton species in Novorossiysk Bay (Black Sea). Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 39 (2), 107-115.