Approaches to evaluate spatial and temporal variability of deep marine sediment characteristics under the impact of dense water formation events

PDF (English)
Pubblicato: Sep 9, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.22581
XAVIER DURRIEU de MADRON
CEFREM, CNRS-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4543-6903
MARION STABHOLZ
CEFREM, CNRS-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1333-3202
LARS-ERIC HEIMBÜRGER-BOAVIDA
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-5183
DOMINIQUE AUBERT
CEFREM, CNRS-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
PHILIPPE KERHERVÉ
CEFREM, CNRS-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
WOLFGANG LUDWIG
CEFREM, CNRS-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
Abstract

Dense shelf water cascading and open-ocean convection frequently occur in the Gulf of Lions, Northwestern Mediterranean
Sea. These intense dense water formation events are capable of supplying large amounts of particulate matter as well as remobilizing
and dispersing local sediments and are therefore thought to leave an imprint on superficial deposits. Here, we compare the
spatial variability of the superficial sediment composition (grain size, organic parameters, and metals) at different scales (from
decimetric to kilometric) on the continental slope and rise with the temporal variability linked to the occurrence of intense dense
water formation events. The spatial and temporal variability of the geochemical composition of deep sediments was assessed
using multivariate and geostatistical analyses. The results indicate that in the outer reaches of Cap de Creus Canyon, where both
processes interact, no clear relation was found between the temporal variability of the superficial sediment and the deep-water
formation events, and that the small-scale spatial variability of the sediment masks the temporal variability. Measurements across
the southern slope indicate the presence of a somewhat distinct geochemical signature that likely results from the influence of
recurrent intense, dense water formation events as well as unabating bottom trawling activity.

Article Details
  • Sezione
  • Research Article

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Downloads
I dati di download non sono ancora disponibili.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Anderson, M.J., 2001. Permutation tests for univariate or multivariate analysis of variance and regression. Journal canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques, 58 (3), 626- 639.
Anderson, M.J., Braak, C.T., 2003. Permutation tests for multi-factorial analysis of variance. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 73 (2), 85-113.
Anderson, M. J., Robinson, J., 2003. Generalized discriminant analysis based on distances. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 45, 301-318.
Angelidis, M.O., Radakovitch, O., Veron, A., Aloupi, M., Heussner, S. et al., 2011. Anthropogenic metal contamination and sapropel imprints in deep Mediterranean. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62 (5), 1041-1052.
Arnoux, A., Gilles, G., Ramonda, G., 1975. Pollution par le mercure des sediments superficiels du golfe du Lion. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris, 281, Série D, 743-746.
Barnett, P.R.O., Watson, J., Connelly, D., 1984. A multiple corer for taking virtually undisturbed samples from shelf, bathyal and abyssal sediments. Oceanologica Acta, 7 (4), 399-408.
Béthoux, J.P., Durrieu de Madron, X., Nyffeler, F., Taillez, D., 2002. Deep water in the western Mediterranean: peculiar 1999 and 2000 characteristics, shelf formation hypothesis, variability since 1970 and geochemical inferences. Journal of Marine Systems, 33-34, 117-131.
Canals, M., Puig, P., Durrieu de Madron, X., Heussner, S., Palanques, A. et al., 2006 Flushing submarine canyons. Nature, 444, 354-357.
Cathalot, C., Rabouille, C., Tisnerat-Laborde, N., Toussaint, F., Kerhervé, P. et al., 2013. The fate of river organic carbon in coastal areas: A study in the Rhône River delta using multiple isotopic (δ13C, Δ14C) and organic tracers. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 118, 33-55.
Cossa, D., Buscail, R., Puig, P., Chiffoleau, J.F., Radakovitch, O. et al., 2014. Origin and accumulation of trace elements in sediments of the northwestern Mediterranean margin. Chemical Geology, 380, 61-73.
Dang, D.H., Layglon, N., Ferretto, N., Omanovic, D., Mullot, J.U., et al., 2020. Kinetic processes of copper and lead remobilization during sediment resuspension of marine polluted sediments. Science of the Total Environment, 698, 134120.
Dumas, C., Aubert, D., Durrieu de Madron, X., Ludwig, W., Heussner, S. et al., 2014. Storm-induced transfer of particulate trace metals to the deep-sea in the Gulf of lion (NW Mediterranean Sea). Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 36 (5), 995-1014.
Durrieu de Madron, X., Houpert, L., Puig, P., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Testor, P. et al., 2013. Interaction of dense shelf water cascading and open-sea convection in the Northwestern Mediterranean during winter 2012. Geophysical Research Letters, 40, 1379-1385.
Durrieu de Madron, X., Ramondenc, S., Berline, L., Houpert, L., Bosse, A. et al., 2017. Deep sediment resuspension and thick nepheloid layer generation by open-ocean convection. Journal of Geophysical Research – Oceans, 122, 2291-2318.
Durrieu de Madron, X., Wiberg, P., Puig, P., 2008. Sediment dynamics in the Gulf of Lions: The impact of extreme events. Continental Shelf Research, 28, 1867-1876.
Durrieu de Madron, X., Zervakis, V., Theocharis, A., Georgopoulos, D., 2005. Comments to “Cascades of dense water around the world ocean”. Progress in Oceanography, 64 (1), 83-90.
Georgin, P., Mouet, M., 2000 Statistiques avec Excel. Eyrolles ed. Presses Universitaires de Rennes, Paris, France, 344p.
Heimbürger, L-A., Migon, C., Losno, R., Miquel, J-C., Thibodeau, B. et al., 2014. Vertical export flux of metals in the Mediterranean Sea. Deep Sea Research, 87, 14-23.
Houpert, L., Durrieu de Madron, X., Testor, P., Bosse, A., D’Ortenzio, F. et al., 2016. Observations of open-ocean deep convection in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea seasonal and interannual variability of mixing and deep water masses for the 2007-2013 period. Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, 121, 8139- 8171.
Kelly, A.G., Wells, D.E., Fryer, R.J., 1994. Sampling strategy to detect a change in concentration of trace organic contaminants in marine sediment. Science of The Total Environment, 144 (1-3), 217-230.
Kotnik, J., Sprovieri, F., Ogrinc, N., Horvat, M., Pirrone, N., 2014. Mercury in the Mediterranean, part I: spatial and temporal trends. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21, 4063-4080.
Lochte, K., Anderson, R., Francois, R., Jahnke, R.A., Shimmield, G. et al., 2003. Benthic Processes and the Burial of Carbon. In: Fasham M.J.R. (eds) Ocean Biogeochemistry. Global Change - The IGBP Series (closed). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 195-216.
Lopes-Rocha, M., Langone, L., Miserocchi, S., Giordano, P., Guerra, R., 2017. Detecting long-term temporal trends in sediments-bound metals in the western Adriatic (Mediterranean Sea). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 124 (1), 270-285.
Loring, D.H., 1991. Normalization of heavy-metal data from estuarine and coastal sediments. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 48, 101-115.
Martín, J., Sanchez-Cabeza, J.A., Eriksson, M., Levy, I., Miquel, J.-C., 2009. Recent accumulation of trace metals in sediments at the DYFAMED site (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 59 (4-7), 146-153.
Miralles, J., Radakovitch, O., Aloisi, J.-C., 2005. 210Pb sedimentation rates from the Northwestern Mediterranean margin. Marine Geology, 216 (3), 155-167.
Miralles, J., Veron, A., Radakovitch, O., Deschamps, P., Tremblay, P. et al., 2006. Atmospheric lead fallout over the last century recorded in Gulf of Lions sediments (Mediterranean Sea). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 52 (11), 1364-1371.
Nardelli, M., Sabbatini, A., Bonnot, E., Mea, M., Pusceddu, A. et al., 2018. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the Cap de Creus canyon and adjacent open slope: Potential influence of dense shelf water cascading and open-ocean convection. Deep Sea Research, 136, 31-43.
Olsen, C.R., Cutshall, N.H., Larsen, I.L., 1982. Pollutant-particle associations and dynamics in coastal marine environments: a review. Marine Chemistry, 11 (6), 501-533.
Palanques, A., Puig, P., Durrieu de Madron, X., Sánchez-Vidal, A., Pasqual, C. et al., 2012. Sediment transport to the deep canyons and open-slope of the western Gulf of Lions during the 2006 intense cascading and open-sea convection period. Progress in Oceanography, 106, 1-15.
Palanques, A., Puig, P., 2018. Particle fluxes induced by benthic storms during the 2012 dense shelf water cascading and open sea convection period in the northwestern Mediterranean basin. Marine Geology, 406, 119-131.
Panogos, P., Ballabio, C., Lugato, E., Jones, A., Borrelli, P. et al., 2018. Potential sources of anthropogenic copper inputs to European agricultural soils. Sustainability, 10, 2380.
Pasqual, C., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Zúñiga, D., Calafat, A., Canals, M. et al., 2010. Settling particle fluxes across the continental margin of the Gulf of Lion: the role of dense shelf water cascading. Biogeosciences, 7, 217-231.
Puig, P., Durrieu de Madron, X., Salat, J., Schroeder, K., Martín, J. et al., 2013. Thick bottom nepheloid layers in the western Mediterranean generated by deep dense shelf water cascading. Progress in Oceanography, 111, 1-23.
Pusceddu, A., Mea, M., Gambi, C., Bianchelli, S., Canals, M. et al., 2010. Ecosystems effects of dense water formation on deep Mediterranean Sea ecosystems : an overview. Advances in Oceanography and Limnology, 1 (1), 67-83.
Pusceddu, A., Mea, M., Canals, M., Heussner, S., Durrieu de Madron, X. et al., 2013. Major consequences of an intense dense shelf water cascading event on deep-sea benthic trophic conditions and meiofaunal biodiversity. Biogeosciences, 10, 2659-2670.
Ribó, M., Durán, R, Puig, P., Van Rooij, D., Guillén, J. et al., 2018. Large sediment waves over the Gulf of Roses upper continental slope (NW Mediterranean). Marine Geology, 399, 84-96.
Roussiez, V., Ludwig, W., Monaco, A., Probst, J.L., Bouloubassi, R. et al., 2006. Sources and sinks of sediments-bound contaminants in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean Sea): a muti-tracer approach. Continental Shelf Research, 26, 1843-1857.
Roussiez, V., Heussner, S., Ludwig, W., Radakovitch, O., Durrieu de Madron, X. et al., 2012. Impact of oceanic floods on particulate metal inputs to coastal and deep-sea environments: a case study in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 45, 15-26.
Salvadó, J.A., López, J.L., Grimalt, J.O., Durrieu de Madron, X., Heussner, S. et al., 2012 Transformation of PBDE mixtures during sediment transport and resuspension in marine environments (Gulf of Lion, NW Mediterranean Sea). Environmental Pollution, 168, 87-95.
Salvadó, J.A., Grimalt, J.O., Lopez, J.F., Durrieu de Madron, X., Pasqual, C. et al., 2013. Distribution of organochlorine compounds in surficial sediments from the Gulf of Lion, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Progress in Oceanography, 118, 235-248.
Sanchez-Vidal, A., Pasqual, C., Kerhervé, P., Heussner, S., Calafat, A. et al., 2009. Across margin export of organic matter by cascading events traced by stable isotopes, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Limnology & Oceanography, 54 (5), 1488-1500.
Siegel, S., Castellan, N.J. Jr., 2002. The case of one sample, two measures or paired replicates; in Siegel S, Castellan NJ Jr (eds): Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, ed 2. Singapore, McGraw-Hill, pp 73-101.
Somot, S., Houpert, L., Sevault, F., Testor, P., Bosse, A. et al., 2016. Characterizing, modelling and understanding the climate variability of the deep water formation in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea. Climate Dynamics, 51 (3), 1179-1210.
Stabholz, M., Durrieu de Madron, X., Khripounoff, A., Canals, M., Taupier-Letage, I. et al., 2013. Impact of open-sea convection on particulate fluxes and sediment dynamics in the deep basin of the Gulf of Lions. Biogeosciences, 10, 1097- 1116.
Testor, P., Bosse, A., Houpert, L., Margirier, F., Mortier, L. et al., 2018. Multi-scale observations of deep convection in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea during winter 2012- 2013 from a multi-platform approach. Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, 123, 1745-1776.
Tubau, X., Canals, M., Lastras, G., Rayo, X., Rivera, J. et al., 2015. Marine litter on the floor of deep submarine canyons of the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea: The role of hydrodynamic processes. Progress in Oceanography, 134, 379-403.
Valette-Silver, N.J., 1993. The use of sediment cores to reconstruct historical trends in contamination of estuarine and coastal sediments. Estuaries, 16 (3), 577-588.
Van der Weijden, C.H., 2002. Pitfalls of normalization of marine geochemical data using a common divisor. Marine Geology, 184 (3-4), 167-187.