Ecology, distribution and expansion of a Mediterranean native invader, the fireworm Hermodice carunculata (Annelida)
Abstract
Global change and the overall raise of seawater temperature are causing a poleward shift in species distribution, increasing the occurrence of warm-water biota in many ecosystems worldwide. In the Mediterranean, the ongoing sea warming is promoting native subtropical species to invader status. The bearded fireworm Hermodice carunculata (Amphinomida) is a thermophilic generalist predator spreading in the Central Mediterranean Sea. Although it is a typical inhabitant of Ionian coasts, several sightings have occurred at more northerly localities along the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas, suggesting that density increases and range expansion are underway. These distributional records are in contrast with historical literature and museum collections, which provide poor sporadic information.
The present study aimed at investigating the spatiotemporal changes that have occurred in H. carunculata abundances and distribution in the Mediterranean basins surrounding the Italian peninsula so far. We examined an exhaustive collection of existing information. A total of 857 reports of H. carunculata were collected from 368 localities. These data significantly expand knowledge on the life and feeding habit of H. carunculata. The integration of different data sources allowed the reconstruction of the shifts that have happened over the last 50 years, which are coherent with the consistent warming trend of Mediterranean Sea surface temperatures. Recent colonization events have occurred both along the Adriatic and Western Mediterranean coasts. The present findings provide unique insights into the expansion of H. carunculata, supporting future spreading throughout the Northern and Western Mediterranean. Tracking these changes is critical to assess potential impacts on coastal rocky-benthic communities, public health and commercial fisheries.
Article Details
- Come citare
-
RIGHI, S., PREVEDELLI, D., & SIMONINI, R. (2020). Ecology, distribution and expansion of a Mediterranean native invader, the fireworm Hermodice carunculata (Annelida). Mediterranean Marine Science, 21(3), 558–574. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.23117
- Fascicolo
- V. 21 N. 3 (2020)
- Sezione
- Research Article
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Downloads
I dati di download non sono ancora disponibili.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Ahrens, J.B., Borda, E., Barroso, R., Paiva, P.C., Campbell, A.M. et al., 2013. The curious case of Hermodice carunculata (Annelida: Amphinomidae): evidence for genetic homogeneity throughout the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent basins. Molecular Ecology, 22 (8), 2280-2291.
Azzurro, E., Stancanelli, B., Di Martino, V., Bariche, M., 2017. Range expansion of the common lionfish Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828) in the Mediterranean Sea: an unwanted new guest for Italian waters. BioInvasions Records, 6 (2), 95-98.
Ball-Damerow, J.E., Brenskelle, L., Barve, N., Soltis, P. S., Sierwald, P. et al., 2019. Research applications of primary biodiversity databases in the digital age. PloS one, 14 (9), e0215794.
Baird, W., 1870. Contributions towards a monograph of the species of Annelides belonging to the Amphinomacea, with a list of the known species, and a description of several new species (belonging to the group) contained in the national collection of the British Museum, to which is appended a short account of two hitherto nondescript annulose animals of a larval character. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 10 (44) 215-250.
Barroso, R., Almeida, D., Contins, M., Filgueiras, D., Dias, R., 2016. Hermodice carunculata (Pallas, 1766) (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae) preying on starfishes. Marine Biodiversity, 46 (2), 333-334.
Barroso, R., Filgueiras, D., Contins, M., Kudenov, J., 2017. First report of the fireworm Hermodice carunculata (Annelida: Amphinomidae) preying on a Sea Cucumber. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 5 (4), 282-285.
Bellan-Santini D., Lacaze J.C., Poizat C., 1994. Les Biocénoses marines et littorales de Méditerranée. Synthèse, menaces et perspectives. Vol.19. Patrimoines naturels. Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 246 pp.
Bergamasco, A., Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., 2010. The circulation of the Mediterranean Sea: a historical review of experimental investigations. Advances in Oceanography and Limnology, 1 (1), 11-28.
Berke, S.K., Mahon, A.R., Lima, F.P., Halanych, K.M., Wethey, D.S. et al., 2010. Range shifts and species diversity in marine ecosystem engineers: patterns and predictions for European sedimentary habitats. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 19 (2), 223-232.
Bianchi, C.N., 2004. Proposta di suddivisione dei mari italiani in settori biogeografici. Notiziario della Società Italiana di Biologia Marina, 46, 57-59.
Bianchi, C.N., 2007. Biodiversity issues for the forthcoming tropical Mediterranean Sea. Hydrobiologia, 580 (1), 7.
Bianchi, C.N., 2013. The changing biogeography of the Mediterranean Sea: from the old frontiers to the new gradients. Bollettino dei musei e degli istituti biologici dell’Universita di Genova, 75, 81-84.
Bianchi, C.N., Morri, C., Chiantore, M., Montefalcone, M., Parravicini, V. et al., 2012. Mediterranean Sea biodiversity between the legacy from the past and a future of change. p. 1-55. In: Life in the Mediterranean Sea: a look at habitat changes. Stambler N. (Ed). Nova Science Publishers, New York.
Bianchi, C.N., Caroli, F., Guidetti, P., Morri, C., 2018. Seawater warming at the northern reach for southern species: Gulf of Genoa, NW Mediterranean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 98 (1), 1-12.
Brullé, G.A., 1832. Expédition scientifique de Morée. Section des sciences physiques. Tome III. Partie 1. Zoologie. Deuxième section. Des animaux articulés. Levrault, Paris, 289- 336.
Carey, M.P., Sanderson, B.L., Barnas, K.A., Olden, J.D., 2012. Native invaders-challenges for science, management, policy, and society. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 10 (7), 373-381.
Castelli A., Bianchi C.N., Cantone G., Çinar M.E., Gambi M.C. et al., 2008. Annelida polychaeta. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (1), 323-373.
Celona, A., Comparetto, G., 2010. Prime osservazioni sulla predazione opportunistica del” vermocane” Hermodice carunculata (Pallas, 1766), ai danni della piccola pesca artigianale nelle acque di Lampedusa (is. Pelagie). p. 15-20. In Annales: Series Historia Naturalis, 20 (1). Scientific and Research Center, Republic of Slovenia.
Chown, S.L., Hodgins, K.A., Griffin, P.C., Oakeshott, J.G., Byrne, M. et al., 2015. Biological invasions, climate change and genomics. Evolutionary Applications, 8, 23-46.
Cinar, M.E., 2005. Polychaetes from the coast of northern Cyprus (eastern Mediterranean Sea), with two new records for the Mediterranean Sea. CBM-Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 46 (2), 143-160.
Çinar, M.E., Dağli, E., Şahin, G.K., 2014. Checklist of Annelida from the coasts of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38 (6), 734-764.
Coll, M., Piroddi, C., Steenbeek, J., Kaschner, K., Ben Rais Lasram, F. et al., 2010. The biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns, and threats. PloS one, 5 (8), e11842.
Collins, M., Knutti, R., Arblaster, J., Dufresne, J.L., Fichefet, T. et al., 2013. Long-term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments and Irreversibility. p. 1029-1136. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Stocker, T.F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S.K. et al., (Eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
Coma, R., Serrano, E., Linares, C., Ribes, M., Díaz, D. et al., 2011. Sea urchins predation facilitates coral invasion in a marine reserve. PloS one, 6 (7), e22017.
Corriero, G., Gherardi, M., Giangrande, A., Longo, C., Mercurio, M. et al., 2004. Inventory and distribution of hard bottom fauna from the marine protected area of Porto Cesareo (Ionian Sea): Porifera and Polychaeta. Italian Journal of Zoology, 71, 237-245.
Cunningham, S.J., Madden, C.F., Barnard, P., Amar, A., 2016. Electric crows: powerlines, climate change and the emergence of a native invader. Diversity and Distributions, 22 (1), 17-29.
Dlugosch, K.M., Anderson, S.R., Braasch, J., Cang, F.A., Gillette, H.D., 2015. The devil is in the details: genetic variation in introduced populations and its contributions to invasion. Molecular ecology, 24 (9), 2095-2111. EastMed, 2010. Report of the Sub-Regional Technical meeting on the Lessepsian migration and its impact on Eastern Mediterranean fishery. Scientific and Institutional Cooperation to Support Responsible Fisheries in the Eastern Mediterranean - EastMed Project, FAO Technical report GCP/ INT/041/EC – GRE – ITA/TD-0 GCP/INT/041/EC – GRE – ITA/TD-01.
Encarnação, J., Morais, P., Baptista, V., Cruz, J., Teodósio, M.A., 2019. New evidence of marine fauna tropicalization off the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula (Southwest Europe). Diversity, 11 (4), 48.
Essl, F., Dullinger, S., Genovesi, P., Hulme, P.E., Jeschke, J.M. et al., 2019. A conceptual framework for range-expanding species that track human-induced environmental change. BioScience, 69, 908-919.
Faulwetter, S., Simboura, N., Katsiaras, N., Chatzigeorgiou, G., Arvanitidis, C., 2017. Polychaetes of Greece: an updated and annotated checklist. Biodiversity Data Journal, 5: e20997.
Francour, P., Mangialajo, L., Pastor, J., 2010. Mediterranean marine protected areas and non-indigenous fish spreading. p. 127-144. In: Fish Invasions of the Mediterranean Sea: Change and renewal. Golani, D., Appelbaum-Golani, B. (Eds). Pensoft Publisher, Sofia-Moscow.
Fraschetti, S., Giangrande, A., Terlizzi, A., Miglietta, M., Della Tommasa, L. et al., 2002. Spatio-temporal variation of hydroids and polychaetes associated with Cystoseira amentacea (Fucales: Phaeophyceae). Marine Biology, 140 (5), 949-958.
Gambi, M.C., Dappiano, M., Lanera, P., Iacono, B., 2003. Biodiversità e bionomia dei popolamenti bentonici dei fondi duri delle isole Flegree: analisi di diverse metodologie di studio. p. 133-162. In “Ambiente marino costiero e territorio delle isole flegree (Ischia, Procida e Vivara - Golfo di Napoli) Risultati di uno studio multidisciplinare” Gambi, M.C., De Lauro, M., Jannuzzi, F. (Eds). Memorie della Società Nazionale di Scienze Lettere ed Arti, Naples. GBIF, 2020. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. https:// www.gbif.org (Accessed 15th December 2019).
Georgiou, D., Alexandre, A., Luis, J., Santos, R., 2016. Temperature is not a limiting factor for the expansion of Halophila stipulacea throughout the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 544, 159-167.
Giakoumi, S., Katsanevakis, S., Albano, P.G., Azzurro, E., Cardoso, A.C. et al., 2019. Management priorities for marine invasive species. Science of the total environment, 688, 976-982.
Giangrande, A., Delos, A.L., Fraschetti, S., Musco, L., Licciano M. et al., 2003. Polychaetes assemblages along a rocky shore on the South Adriatic coast (Mediterranean Sea): patterns of spatial distribution. Marine Biology, 143, 1109-1116.
Giovos, I., Kleitou, P., Poursanidis, D., Batjakas, I., Bernardi, G. et al., 2019. Citizen-science for monitoring marine invasions and stimulating public engagement: a case project from the eastern Mediterranean. Biological Invasions 21, 3707-3721.
Grube, A.E., 1837. De Pleione carunculata: dissertatio zootomica. Ern. Jul. Dalkowski. Regiomontum Prussorum Hammer, Ř., Harper, D., Ryan, P., 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4.
Horton, T., Kroh, A., Ahyong, S., Bailly, N., Boyko, C.B., 2020. World Register of Marine Species. https://www.marinespecies. org (Accessed 10th October 2019).
IHO, 1953. Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd Edition. International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), IHO Technical Report, No 23, 45 pp. Kaplan, A.M.,
Haenlein, M., 2010. Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business horizons, 53 (1), 59-68.
Katsanevakis, S., Poursanidis, D., Yokes, M.B., Macic, V., Beqiraj, S. et al., 2011a. Twelve years after the first report of the crab Percnon gibbesi (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) in the Mediterranean: current distribution and invasion rates. Journal of Biological Research, 16, 224.
Katsanevakis, S., Zenetos, A., Mačić, V., Beqiraj, S., Poursanidis, D. et al., 2011b. Invading the Adriatic: spatial patterns of marine alien species across the Ionian-Adriatic boundary. Aquatic Biology, 13, 107-118.
Kinberg, J.G.H., 1857. Nya slägten och arter af Annelider. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens, 14 (1), 11-14. Kudenov, J.D., 1974. The reproductive biology of Eurythoe complanata (Pallas, 1766), (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae). Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
Lejeusne, C., Chevaldonné, P., Pergent-Martini, C., Boudouresque, C.F., Pérez, T., 2010. Climate change effects on a miniature ocean: the highly diverse, highly impacted Mediterranean Sea. Trends in ecology & evolution, 25 (4), 250- 260.
Lopez, B.E., Magliocca, N.R., Crooks, A.T., 2019. Challenges and Opportunities of Social Media Data for Socio-Environmental Systems Research. Land, 8 (7), 107.
Lovejoy, T. E., Wilson, E.O. (Eds), 2019. Biodiversity and climate change: transforming the biosphere. Yale University Press.
Maldonado, M., López-Acosta, M., Sánchez-Tocino, L., Sitjà, C., 2013. The rare, giant gorgonian Ellisella paraplexauroides: demographics and conservation concerns. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 479, 127-141.
Marbà, N., Jordà, G., Agustí, S., Girard, C., Duarte, C.M., 2015. Footprints of climate change on Mediterranean Sea biota. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2, 56.
Marenzeller, E., 1904. Fortsetzung der Berichte der Kommission für Erforschung des östlichen Marzloff, M.P., Melbourne‐Thomas, J., Hamon, K.G., Hoshino, E., Jennings, S. et al., 2016. Modelling marine community responses to climate‐driven species redistribution to guide monitoring and adaptive ecosystem‐based management. Global Change Biology, 22 (7), 2462-2474.
Mastrototaro, F., d’Onghia, G., Corriero, G., Matarrese, A., Maiorano, P. et al., (2010). Biodiversity of the white coral bank off Cape Santa Maria di Leuca (Mediterranean Sea): An update. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 57 (5-6), 412-430.
Mikac, B., 2015. A sea of worms: polychaete checklist of the Adriatic Sea. Zootaxa, 3943 (1), 1-172.
Millot, C., Taupier-Letage, I., 2005. Circulation in the Mediterranean Sea: Updated description and schemas of the circulation of the water masses in the whole Mediterranean Sea. p. 29-66. In: The Mediterranean Sea. Saliot, A. (Ed.). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Mistri, M., Ceccherelli, V.U., 1994. Growth and secondary production of the Mediterranean gorgonian Paramuricea clavata. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, 103, 291- 291. Mittelmeeres. Achte Reihe. Zoologische Ergebnisse XIII. Polychäten des Grundes, Gesammelt 1893, 1894. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, MathematischNaturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Wien, 74 (B), 295-323.
Ordóñez, V., Pascual, M., Fernández-Tejedor, M., Pineda, M.C., Tagliapietra, D. et al., 2015. Ongoing expansion of the worldwide invader Didemnum vexillum (Ascidiacea) in the Mediterranean Sea: high plasticity of its biological cycle promotes establishment in warm waters. Biological invasions, 17 (7), 2075-2085.
Panceri, P., 1874. Catalogo degli Anellidi, Geifirei e Turbellarie d’Italia. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 18 (2-3), 1-55.
Parapar J., Alós C., Núñez J., Moreira J., López E. et al., 2012. Annelida Polychaeta III. In: Fauna Ibérica vol. 36. Ramos M.A. et al. (Eds). Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, 416 pp.
Pastor, F., Valiente, J.A., Palau, J.L., 2018. Sea surface temperature in the Mediterranean: Trends and spatial patterns (1982-2016). p. 297-309. In: Meteorology and Climatology of the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Vilibić, I., Horvath, K., Palau, J.L. (Eds). Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany.
Pauk, G., 2019. Šibenik portal. https://sibenskiportal.rtl.hr/ aktualno/foto-opasni-vatreni-crvi-potjerali-kupace-iz-rogoznicke- uvale-peles-nekoliko-ih-je-zavrsilo-na-hitnoj/ (Accessed 1st October 2019).
Pecl, G.T., Araújo, M.B., Bell, J.D., Blanchard, J., Bonebrake, T.C. et al., 2017. Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being. Science, 355 (6332), eaai9214.
Pérès, J.M., Picard, J., 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique. Recueil des Travaux de la Station marine d’Endoume, 31 (47), 5-137.
Pires, A., Martins, R., Magalhães, L., Soares, A.M.V.M., Figueira, E. et al., 2015. Expansion of lugworms towards southern European habitats and their identification using combined ecological, morphological and genetic approaches. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 533, 177-190.
Pisano, A., Marullo, S., Artale, V., Falcini, F., Yang, C., et al., 2020. New Evidence of Mediterranean Climate Change and Variability from Sea Surface Temperature Observations. Remote Sensing, 12 (1), 132.
Prevedelli, D., Massamba N’Siala, G., Simonini, R., 2005. The seasonal dynamics of six species of Dorvilleidae (Polychaeta) in the harbour of La Spezia (Italy). Marine Ecology, 26 (3‐4), 286-293.
Psomadakis, P.N., Scacco, U., Vacchi. M., 2006. Recent findings of some uncommon fishes from the central Tyrrhenian Sea. Cybium: international journal of ichthyology, 30 (4), 297-304.
Psomadakis, P.N., Ceddia, P., Vacchi, M., 2008a. Additional record of Sphoeroides pachygaster (Pisces, Tetraodontidae) in the Tyrrhenian Sea and notes on the distribution of the species in the Mediterranean. Marine Biodiversity Records, 1 (e18), 1-5.
Psomadakis, P.N., Dalù, M., Scacco, U., Vacchi, M.. 2008b. A rare batoid fish Gymnura altavela (Chondrichthyes, Gymnuridae) captured in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Marine Biodiversity Records, 1 (e6), 1-4.
Psomadakis, P.N., Scacco, U., Consalvo, I., Bottaro, M., Leone, F., Vacchi, M., 2009. New records of the lessepsian fish Fistularia commersonii (Osteichthyes: Fistulariidae) from the central Tyrrhenian Sea: Signs of an incoming colonization? Marine Biodiversity Records, 2 (e49), 1-6.
Psomadakis, P.N., Bentivegna, F., Giustino, S., Travaglini, A., Vacchi, M., 2011. Northward spread of tropical affinity fishes: Caranxcrysos (Teleostea: Carangidae), a case study from the Mediterranean Sea. Italian Journal of Zoology, 78 (1), 113-123.
Relini, G. (Ed.), 2008. Checklist della flora e della fauna dei mari Italiani: (Parte I). Biologia marina Mediterranea, 385 pp.
Righi, S., Maletti, I., Maltagliati, F., Castelli, A., Barbieri, M. et al., 2019. Morphometric and molecular characterization of an expanding Ionian population of the fireworm Hermodice carunculata (Annelida). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 99 (7), 1569-1577.
Rullier, F., Amoureux, L., 1968. Annélides polychètes du golfe de Tarente. Résultats des campagnes de l’Albatros (1966- 1967). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova, 77, 386-407.
Sakalli, A., 2017. Sea surface temperature change in the Mediterranean Sea under climate change: A linear model for simulation of the sea surface temperature up to 2100. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 15, 707-716.
Sampaio, E., Rosa, R., 2020. Climate change, multiple stressors, and responses of marine biota. Climate Action, 264-275.
Samperio-Ramos, G., Olsen, Y. S., Tomas, F., Marbà, N., 2015. Ecophysiological responses of three Mediterranean invasive seaweeds (Acrothamnion preissii, Lophocladia lallemandii and Caulerpa cylindracea) to experimental warming. Marine pollution bulletin, 96 (1-2), 418-423.
Sbragaglia, V., Cerri, J., Bolognini, L., Dragićević, B., Dulćić, J. et al., 2020. Local ecological knowledge of recreational fishers reveals different meridionalization dynamics of two Mediterranean subregions. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 634, 147-157.
Schulze, A., Grimes, C.J., Rudek, T.E., 2017. Tough, armed and omnivorous: Hermodice carunculata (Annelida: Amphinomidae) is prepared for ecological challenges. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 97 (5), 1075-1080.
Simonini, R., Righi, S., Maletti, I., Fai, S., Prevedelli, D., 2017. Bearded versus thorny: the fireworm Hermodice carunculata preys on the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Ecology, 98, 2730-2732.
Simonini, R., Maletti, I., Righi, S., Fai, S., Prevedelli, D., 2018. Laboratory observations on predator–prey interactions between the bearded fireworm (Hermodice carunculata) and Mediterranean benthic invertebrates. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 51 (3), 145-158.
Simonini, R., Prevedelli, D., Righi, S., 2019. Esemplari mediterranei del verme di fuoco Hermodice carunculata (Annelida) catalogati nelle raccolte zoologiche di musei europei. Atti della Società dei Naturalisti e Matematici di Modena, 150, 145-159.
Spalding, M.D., Fox, H.E., Allen, G.R., Davidson, N., Ferdaña, Z.A. et al., (2007). Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioScience, 57 (7), 573-583.
Stachowicz, J.J., Terwin, J.R., Whitlatch, R.B., Osman, R.W., 2002. Linking climate change and biological invasions: ocean warming facilitates nonindigenous species invasions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99 (24), 15497-15500.
Stoner, E.W., Layman, C.A., 2015. Bristle worms attack: benthic jellyfish are not trophic dead ends. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 13, 226-227.
Sunday, J.M., Bates, A.E., Dulvy, N.K., 2012. Thermal tolerance and the global redistribution of animals. Nature Climate Change, 2 (9), 686-690.
Toivonen, T., Heikinheimo, V., Fink, C., Hausmann, A., Hiippala, T. et al., 2019. Social media data for conservation science: A methodological overview. Biological Conservation, 233, 298-315.
Toso, A., Boulamail, S., Lago, N., Pierri, C., Piraino, S. et al., 2020. First description of early developmental stages of the native invasive fireworm Hermodice carunculata (Annelida, Amphinomidae): a cue to the warming of the Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science, 21 (2), 442-447.
Ungaro, N., Pastorelli, A.M., 2015. Percnon gibbesi (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) (Crustacea, Grapsidae): an other reporting in the Adriatic. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 22 (1), 11-112.
Wolf, A.T., Nugues, M.M., 2013). Predation on coral settlers by the corallivorous fireworm Hermodice carunculata. Coral Reefs, 32 (1), 227-231.
Yáñez-Rivera, B., Salazar-Vallejo, S.I., 2011. Revision of Hermodice Kinberg, 1857 (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae). Scientia Marina, 75, 251-262.
