Toward the widespread application of low-cost technologies in coastal ocean observing (Internet of Things for the Ocean)

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Опубликован: Apr 8, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.25060
MARCO MARCELLI
Laboratory of Experimental Oceanology and Marine Ecology, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia; Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC)
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2619-8521
VIVIANA PIERMATTEI
Laboratory of Experimental Oceanology and Marine Ecology, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia; Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9000-9070
RICCARDO GERIN
OGS (National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS), Trieste, ITALY
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-0803
FABIO BRUNETTI
OGS (National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS), Trieste, ITALY
ERMANNO PIETROSEMOLI
UNESCO Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste Italy
SAM ADDO
Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences University of Ghana
LOBDA BOUDAYA
Laboratoire de Biodiversité marine et environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisie
RICHARD COLEMAN
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS. Australia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9731-7498
OLULUNMI AYOOLA NUBI
Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria
RICK JOJANNES
Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research-AWI
SUBRATA SARKER
Department of Oceanography, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-1889
ZACHARIE SOHOU
Institut de Recherches Halieutiques et Océanologiques du Bénin
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3314-3481
MARCO ZENNARO
UNESCO Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste Italy
KAREN WHILTSHIRE
Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research-AWI
ALESSANDRO CRISE
OGS (National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS), Trieste, ITALY
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5183-3921
Аннотация

The ability to access user-friendly, low-cost instrumentation remains a limiting factor in coastal ocean observing. The majority of currently available marine observation equipment is difficult to deploy, costly to operate, and requires specific technical skills. Moreover, a harmonized observation program for the world’s coastal waters has not yet been established despite the efforts of the global ocean organizations. Global observational systems are mainly focused on open ocean waters and do not include coastal and shelf areas, where models and satellites require large data sets for their calibration and validation. Fortunately, recent technological advances have created opportunities to improve sensors, platforms, and communications that will enable a step-change in coastal ocean observing, which will be driven by a decreasing cost of the components, the availability of cheap housing, low-cost controller/data loggers based on embedded systems, and low/no subscription costs for LPWAN communication systems. Considering the above necessities and opportunities, POGO’s OpenMODs project identified a series of general needs/requirements to be met in an Open science development framework. In order to satisfy monitoring and research necessities, the sensors to be implemented must be easily interfaced with the data acquisition and transmission system, as well as compliant with accuracy and stability requirements. Here we propose an approach to co-design a cost-effective observing modular instrument architecture based on available low-cost measurement and data transmission technologies, able to be mounted/operated on various platforms. This instrument can fit the needs of a large community that includes scientific research (including those in developing countries), non-scientific stakeholders, and educators.

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