Feed Ban and BSE: the detection and identification of processed animal proteins in compound feeds
Published:
Nov 10, 2017
Keywords:
BSE processed animal proteins feed ban microscopy PCR immunoassay
Abstract
Reference is made initially to the incidence of BSE within the EU territory and the reasons of the appearance of the disease i.e. the use of meat and bone meal in ruminant diets. In turn, the evolution of Community legislation in the sector of marketing of feeds of animal origin is described. Furthermore, the banning of feeding of mammalian protein to ruminants and the extension of prohibition to further animal proteins such as from other vertebrates and how this banning affects the feeding of the various animal species is reviewed. Finally, the importance of detecting and identifying the presence and amount of processed animal proteins in compound feed as well as feed materials is stressed and methods such as feed microscopy, immunoassay techniques, PCR, NIR and HPLC are discussed.
Article Details
- How to Cite
-
ZOIOPOULOS (Π. ΖΩΙΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) P. (2017). Feed Ban and BSE: the detection and identification of processed animal proteins in compound feeds. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 62(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.14838
- Issue
- Vol. 62 No. 1 (2011)
- Section
- Review Articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
· Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
· Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
· Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
AAFM (1978) Manual of microscopic analysis of feedingstuffs. (2nd Edition). USA: American Association of Feed Microscopists.
Beaten V, von Hoist C, Carrido A, Vancutsem J, Michotte Renier A, Dardenne P. (2005) Detection of banned meat and bone meal in feedstuffs by near infrared microscopic analysis of the dense sediment fraction. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 382:149-157.
Bellorini S, Strathmann S, Beaten V, Furniere Ο, Berben G, Tirendi S, von Holst C (2005) Discriminative animal fats and their origins: assessing the potential of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography, immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction techniques. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 282:1073-1083.
Campagnoli A, Pinotti L, Tognon G, Cheli F, Baldi A, Dell Orto V (2004) Potential application of electronic nose in processed animal proteins (PAP) detection in feedingstuffs. Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 8: 253-255.
Chiappini Β, Brambilla G, Agrimi U, Vacceri G, Aaarts, HJM, Berben G, Frezza D Giamba V (2005) Real-time polymerase chain reaction approach for quantification of ruminant-specific DNA to indicate a correlation between DNA amount and meat and bone meal heat treatments. J. AOAC Int., 88:1399-1403.
Conception Aristoy M, Toldra F (2004). Histidine dipeptides HPLCbased test for the detection of mammalian origin proteins in feeds for ruminants. Meat Sci. 67: 211-217.
Engling FP, Jorgenson JJ, Paradies-Severin I, Hahn H (2000) Evidence of animal meal in feeds. Kraftfutter Feed Mag. 1:14-17.
EEC (1979) Council Directive 79/373/EEC of 23 November 1977 on the marketing of straight feedingstuffs. Off. J. Eur. Comm., L.32, 3.2.1979, p.l.
EEC (1990) Council Directive 90/667/EEC of 27 November 1990 laying down the veterinary rules for the disposal and processing of animal waste for its placing on the market and for the prevention of pathogens in feedstuffs offish origin. Off. J. Eur. Comm., L.363, 27.12.1990, p.31.
EEC (1991) Commission Decision 91/516/EEC of 9 September 1991 establishing a list of ingredients whose use is prohibited in compound feedingstuffs. Off. J. Eur. Comm., L.281, 9.10.1991, p.23.
EU (1997a) Commission Directive 97/47/EC amending Council Directive 77/101/EEC, 79/373/EEC and 91/357/EEC Off. J. Eur. Union, L.211,5.8.1997, p.45.
EU (1997b) Commission Decision 97/582/EC of 28 July 1997 amending Commission Decision 91/516/EC. Off. J. Eur. Union, L.234,28.8.1997, p.39.
EU (1998) Commission Directive 98/88/EC of 13 November 1998 establishing guidelines for the microscopic identification and estimation of constituents of animal origin for the official control of feedingstuffs, (2000/766/EC). Off. J. Eur. Union, L.318, 27.11.1998, p.45.
EU (1999a) Commission Decision 999/420/EC of 18 June 1999 amending Commission Decision 91/516/EEC. Off. J. Eur. Union, L.162,26.6.1999, p.69.
EU (1999b) Council Decision 1999/534/EC of 19 July 1999 on measures applying to the processing of certain animal waste to protect against TSEs and amending Commission Directive 97/735/EC Off. J. Eur. Union, L.204, 4.8.1999, p.37.
EU (2000) Council Decision 2000/766/EC of 4 December 2000 concerning certain protection measures with regard to
transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and the feeding of animal protein. Off. J. Eur. Union, L.306, 7.12.2000, p.32.
EU (2001) Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 laying down rules for the prevention, control and eradication of certain transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, Off. J. Eur. Union, L.147,31.5.2001,p.l.
EU (2002) Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 October 2002 laying down health rules concerning animal by-products not intended for human consumption. Off. J. Eur. Union, L.273,10.10.2002, p.l.
EU (2003a) Commission Regulation (EC) No 1234/2003 of 10 July 2003 amending Annexes I and IX of Regulation 999/2001. Off. J. Eur. Union, L.173,11.7.2003, p.6.
EU (2003b) Commission Directive 2003/126/EC of 23 December 2003 on the analytical method for the determination of constituents of animal origin for the official control of feedingstuffs. Off. J. Eur. Union, L.339, 24.12.2003, p.78.
EU (2005) Commission Regulation (EC) No 1292/2005 of 5 August 2005 amending Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 999/2001. Off. J. Eur. Union, L.205, 6.8.2005, p.3.
EU (2008) Commission Regulation (EC) No 956/2008 of 29 September 2008 amending Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No
/2001. Off. J. Eur. Union, L.260,30.9.2008, p.8.
EU (2009a) Commission Regulation (EC) No 163/2009 of 26 February 2009 amending Annex IV of Regulation (EC) 999/2001. Off. J. Eur. Union, L.55, p.17.
EU (2009b) Commission Regulation (EC) No 787/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 on the placing on the market and use of feed. Off. J. Eur. Union, L.229, 1.9.2009, p.l.
Fernandez-Pierna JA, Beaten V, Michotte-Renier A, Cogdill RP, Dardenne Ρ (2004) Combination of support vector machines (SVM) and near infrared (NIR) imaging spectroscopy for the detection of meat and bone meal (MBM) in compound feeds. J. Chemom. 18: 341-349.
Flachowsky G, Danicke S (2005) From feed to safe food-Contribution of animal nutrition to the safety of food. In: Riley AP (Ed.), Food Policy, Control and Research. Nova Science Publishers, New York: pp. 65-95.
Ford BJ (1996) BSE the facts: Mad cow disease and the risk to mankind. London, Corgi Books.
Furniere Ο, Dubeis M, Baeten V, von Hoist C, Berben G (2006) Effective PCR detection of animal species in highly processed animal by-products and compound feeds. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 385:1045-1054.
Gizzi G, von Hoist C, Baeten V, Berben G, van Raamstonk L (2004) Determination of processed animal proteins, including meat and bone meal in animal feed. J. AOAC Int. 87:1334-1341.
Hitchcock CHS, Crimes AA (1985) Methodology for meat species identification: a review. Meat Sci. 15: 215-224.
Knock WD (2002) Animal feed legislation-including the influence of the EU Food safety concerns. In: Garnsworthy PC, Wiseman J (Eds.), Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham: pp 12-30.
Knock WD (2003) Animal feed legislation 2002. In: Garnsworthy PC, Wiseman J (Eds.), Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham: pp 21-35.
Louloudis L, Georgiadou B, Stavrakakis I (2000) Nature, Society and Science in the era of mad cows: Risk and uncertainty. Athens: Nepheli Publishers (In Greek).
Mendoza-Romero L, Verkaar ELC, Savelkoul RJM, Catsburg A, Aaarts HJM, Buntjer JB, Lenstra JA (2004) Real-time PCR detection of ruminant DNA. J. Food Prot. 67: 550-554.
Ocana MF, Neubert Η, Przyborowska A, Parker R, Branley P, Halketa J, Patel R (2004) BSE control: detection of gelatine-derived peptides in animal feed by mass spectrometry. Analyst 129:111-115.
Tartaglia M, Sanile E, Pestalozza S, Morelli L, Antonncci G, Battaglia PA (1998) Detection of bovine mitochondrial DNA in ruminant feeds: a molecular approach to test for the presence of bovinederived materials. J. Food Prot. 61:513-518.
Van Raamsdonk LWD, von Hoist C, Baeten V, Berben G, Boix A, de Jong J (2007) New developments in the detection and identification of processed animal proteins in feeds. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 133: 63-83.
Zoiopoulos PE, Drosinos EH (2010). The animal feed question in the shadow of contemporary food crises: The European challenge. New York: Nova Science Publishers.
