Isolation, identification and genetic variation analysis of pseudorabies virus mutant strain from Chinese pig farm

PDF
Published: Jul 10, 2024
Updated: 2024-07-10
Versions:
2024-07-10 (2)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.31900
Keywords:
: Pseudorabies virus Sequence alignment Amino acid mutations
B Zhou
College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao,266109, China.
X Wang
C Xin
College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao,266109, China.
J Lin
College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao,266109, China.
S Dong
College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao,266109, China.
Y Wen
College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
R Zhang
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science College, HeBei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, China.
H Shan
College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao,266109, China
Hongliang Zhang
a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:31:"Qingdao Agricultural University";}
Abstract

ABSTRACT: Pseudorabies (PR) is an important infectious disease affecting pig farms worldwide. In this study, we reported a pseudorabies virus (PRV) isolated from a Bartha-K61-vaccinated pig farm in Linyi, Shandong Province, China. Evidence from virus isolation, electronic microscope observation，laboratory animal infection, and histopathologic examination confirmed that the etiological agent of the disease is PRV SD-2017. Sequence alignment of the gE gene indicated that it belongs to a new mutated PRV strain. The gB sequence alignment showed that compared with the Bartha and Kaplan genotype 1 strains, SD-2017 strain had a deletion of three amino acids at positions 75-78 (SPG) and an insertion of one amino acid at position 94 (G). The gC gene had 7 amino acids (A, A, A, S, T, P and A) inserted at positions 69-75 in comparison with the Bartha-K61 vaccine strain. The median lethal dose (LD50) of PRV SD-2017 strain on rabbits was 3.16×102.0TCID50/ml by Karber method. Histopathologic examinations showed that multiple lesion sites were observed in brains, lungs, livers and kidneys. PRV SD-2017 is different from other reports and should be paid more attention to avoid economic losses.


Keywords: Pseudorabies virus; Sequence alignment; Amino acid mutations；Mutant strain

Article Details
  • Section
  • Research Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

· Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Author Biography
X Wang

College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China

References
Ai JW, Weng SS, Cheng Q, Cui P, Li YJ, Wu HL, Zhu YM, Xu B, Zhang
WH (2018): Human endophthalmitis caused by pseudorabies virus
infection, China, 2017. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 24, 1087-1090.
An TQ, Peng JM, Tian ZJ, Zhao HY, Li N, Liu YM, Chen JZ, Leng CL,
Sun Y, Chang D, Tong GZ (2013): Pseudorabies virus variant in Bartha-K61-vaccinated pigs, China, 2012. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 19, 1749-
Fan J, Zeng X, Zhang G, Wu Q, Niu J, Sun B, Xie Q, Ma J (2016): Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of pseudorabies virus
variants isolated from Guangdong province of southern China during
-2014. J. Vet. Sci. 17 (3), 369.
Fauquet CM, Briddon RW, Brown JK, Moriones E, Stanley J, Zerbini M,
Zhou X (2008): Geminivirus strain demarcation and nomenclature.
Arch. Virol. 153 (4), 783-821.
Freuling CM, Muller TF, Mettenleiter TC (2017) Vaccines against pseudorabies virus (PrV). Vet. Microbiol. 206, 3-9.
Gu Z, Hou C, Sun H, Yang W, Dong J, Bai J, Jiang P (2015): Emergence
of highly virulent pseudorabies virus in southern China. J. Vet. Res.
(3), 221-228.
Karger A, Schmidt J, Mettenleiter TC (1998): Infectivity of a pseudorabies virus mutant lacking attachment glycoproteins C and D. J. Virol.
(9), 7341-7348.
Mettenleiter TC (2000): Aujeszky’s disease (pseudorabies) virus: the virus
and molecular pathogenesis--state of the art, June 1999. Vet. Res. 31
(1), 99-115.
Mettenleiter TC (2003): Pathogenesis of neurotropic herpesviruses: role
of viral glycoproteins in neuroinvasion and transneuronal spread. Virus Res. 92 (2), 197-206.
Mettenleiter TC, Klupp BG, Weiland F, Visser N (1994): Characterization of a quadruple glycoprotein-deleted pseudorabies virus mutant
for use as a biologically safe live virus vaccine. J. Gen. Virol. 75 ( Pt
, 1723-1733.
Müller T, Hahn EC, Tottewitz F, Kramer M, Klupp BG, Mettenleiter TC,
Freuling C (2011): Pseudorabies virus in wild swine: a global perspective. Arch. Virol. 156 (10), 1691-1705.
Okazaki K (2007): Proteolytic cleavage of glycoprotein B is dispensable
for in vitro replication, but required for syncytium formation of pseudorabies virus. J. Gen. Virol. 88 (Pt 7), 1859-1865.
Pensaert MBKP (1989): Pseudorabies virus (Aujeszky’s disease), In: Pensaert, M. (Ed.) Virus Infections of Porcines. Elsevier Science Publishers: New York.
Pomeranz LE, Reynolds AE, Hengartner CJ (2005): Molecular biology
of pseudorabies virus: impact on neurovirology and veterinary medicine. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 69 (3), 462-500.
Sun Y, Liang W, Liu Q, Zhao T, Zhu H, Hua L, Peng Z, Tang X, Stratton
CW, Zhou D, Tian Y, Chen H, Wu B (2018) Epidemiological and
genetic characteristics of swine pseudorabies virus in mainland China
between 2012 and 2017. PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) 6:e5785.
Tang Y, Liu J, Wang T, An T, Sun M, Wang S, Fang Q, Hou L, Tian Z,
Cai X (2016): Live attenuated pseudorabies virus developed using the
CRISPR/Cas9 system. Virus Res. 225, 33-39.
Wang CH, Yuan J, Qin HY, Luo Y, Cong X, Li Y, Chen J, Li S, Sun Y,
Qiu HJ (2014): A novel gE-deleted pseudorabies virus (PRV) provides rapid and complete protection from lethal challenge with the
PRV variant emerging in Bartha-K61-vaccinated swine population in
China. Vaccine 32 (27), 3379-3385.
Wang Y, Qiao S, Li X, Xie W, Guo J, Li Q, Liu X, Hou J, Xu Y, Wang L,
Guo C, Zhang G (2015): Molecular epidemiology of outbreak-associated pseudorabies virus (PRV) strains in central China. Virus Genes
(3), 401-409.
Wong G, Lu J, Zhang W, Gao GF (2019) Pseudorabies virus: a neglected
zoonotic pathogen in humans? Emerging Microbes & Infections 8 (1),
-154.
Wozniakowski G, Samorek-Salamonowicz E (2015): Animal herpesviruses and their zoonotic potential for cross-species infection. Ann Agric
Environ Med 22 (2), 191-194.
Wu X, Chen Q, Chen R, Che Y, Wang L, Wang C, Yan S, Liu Y, Xiu J,
Zhou L (2017): Pathogenicity and Whole Genome Sequence Analysis
of a Pseudorabies Virus Strain FJ-2012 Isolated from Fujian, Southern China. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2017:1-8.
Yang H, Han H, Wang H, Cui Y, Liu H, Ding S (2019): A Case of Human
Viral Encephalitis Caused by Pseudorabies Virus Infection in China.
Front Neurol. 10.
Yang X, Guan H, Li C, Li Y, Wang S, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Liu Y (2019):
Characteristics of human encephalitis caused by pseudorabies virus:
A case series study. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 87, 92-99.
Ye C, Guo J, Gao J, Wang T, Zhao K, Chang X, Wang Q, Peng J, Tian Z,
Cai X, Tong G, An T (2016): Genomic analyses reveal that partial
sequence of an earlier pseudorabies virus in China is originated from
a Bartha-vaccine-like strain. Virology 491, 56-63.
Ye C, Zhang QZ, Tian ZJ, Zheng H, Zhao K, Liu F, Guo JC, Tong W, Jiang
CG, Wang SJ, Shi M, Chang XB, Jiang YF, Peng JM, Zhou YJ, Tang
YD, Sun MX, Cai XH, An TQ, Tong GZ (2015): Genomic characterization of emergent pseudorabies virus in China reveals marked
sequence divergence: Evidence for the existence of two major genotypes. Virology 483, 32-43.
Yu T, Chen F, Ku X, Fan J, Zhu Y, Ma H, Li S, Wu B, He Q (2016):
Growth characteristics and complete genomic sequence analysis of a
novel pseudorabies virus in China. Virus Genes 52, 474-83.
Yu X, Zhou Z, Hu D, Zhang Q, Han T, Li X, Gu X, Yuan L, Zhang S,
Wang B, Qu P, Liu J, Zhai X, Tian K (2014): Pathogenic Pseudorabies
Virus, China, 2012. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 20, 102-104.
Zhai X, Zhao W, Li K, Zhang C, Wang C, Su S, Zhou J, Lei J, Xing G,
Sun H, Shi Z, Gu J (2019): Genome Characteristics and Evolution of
Pseudorabies Virus Strains in Eastern China from 2017 to 2019. Virol
Sin. 34, 601-609.
Zhou M, Wu X, Jiang D, Sui C, Chen L, Cong X, Xin X, Wang G, Li Y,
Tian F, Chen Z, Zhang H, Qi J, Wang Z, Wu J, Shan H, Du Y (2019):
Characterization of a moderately pathogenic pseudorabies virus variant isolated in China, 2014. Infect. Genet. Evol. 68, 161-171.
Zhang L, Ruan K, Sang G, Xu Z, Tong W, Yu H, Shan T, Gao F, Li L,
Kong N (2021): Tk-deleted Pseudorabies Virus Retains High Pathogenicity in Rats. J Vet Res, 65:401-405