Investigating the effects of organic and inorganic forms of zinc , copper, and manganese on the productive trait and reproductive performance of broiler breeder hens


Published: Jul 5, 2025
Keywords:
Broiler breeder Inorganic Organic Trace elements Zinc
SA Mojaveriyan
S Gharahveysi
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-0215
M Hajipour
Abstract

race minerals are essential for the bird's body, and are effective in its performance. The current study investigates the effects of organic and mineral forms of copper, zinc, and manganese on the production traits and reproductive performance of Ross 308 broiler breeders. So, 240 hens and 30 roosters were used. The research was conducted as a factorial experiment in the form of a completely randomized design. The factors included the A factor (2 levels of organic and inorganic forms) and the B factor (3 levels of zinc, copper, and manganese). The number of treatments, repeats, and pens were 6, 5, and 30, respectively. The data obtained from the reproductive and reproductive traits' measurements were analyzed with the LSmeans procedure by SAS statistical software. The effect of minerals, mineral forms, and their interaction was significant (p<0.05) on egg production, egg mass, egg weight, hatchable egg, fertility rate, hatchability egg, and chicken weight during weeks 36-33, 37-40, and the whole period. Organic zinc improved the studied traits and, in comparison to other factors, had the most significant effect on them.

Article Details
  • Section
  • Research Articles
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Abou-Kassem DE, El-Sayiad GA, El-Samahy RA, Abd El-Hack ME,
Taha AE, Kamal M, Alfassam HE, Rudayni HA, Allam AA, Moustafa
M, Algopishi U, Ashour EA. (2024). Impacts of storage period
and egg weight on hatching and growth performance of growing
Japanese quails. Poultry Science Journal, 103(7): 103772.
Aksu, T., Özsoy, B., Aksu, D.S., Yörük, M.A., & Gul, M. (2011). The
effects of lower levels of organically complexed zinc, copper and
manganese in broiler diets on performance, mineral concentration of
tibia and mineral excretion. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi
Dergisi, 17:141-146.
Amen, M.H. and Al-Daraji, H.J., (2011). Effect of dietary supplementation
with different level of zinc on sperm egg penetration and
fertility traits of broiler breeder chicken. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition,
(11): 1083-1088.
Ao, T. Pierce, J. L. Power, R., Pescatore, A. J., Cantor, A. H., Dawson,
K. A. and Ford, M. J. (2009). Effects of feeding different forms of
zinc and copper on the performance and tissue mineral content of
chicks. Poultry Science, 88: 2171- 2175.
Araújo, C.S.D.S., Hermes, R.G., Bittencourt, L.C., Silva, C.C., Araújo,
L.F., Granghelli, C.A., Pelissari, P.H., Roque, F.D.A. and Leite,
B.G.D.S., (2019). Different dietary trace mineral sources for broiler
breeders and their progenies. Poultry science, 98(10): 4716-4721.
Avila, L.P., Sweeney, K.M., Roux, M., Buresh, R.E., White, D.L., Kim,
W.K. and Wilson, J.L., (2023). Evaluation of industry strategies
to supply dietary chelated trace minerals (Zn, Mn, and Cu) and
their impact on broiler breeder hen reproductive performance, egg
quality, and early offspring performance. Journal of Applied Poultry
Research, 32(3): 100354.
Carvalho, B.R., Hélvio da Cruz Ferreira, J., da Silva Viana, G., Alves,
W.J., Muniz, J.C.L., Rostagno, H.S., Pettigrew, J.E. and Hannas,
M.I., (2021). In-feed organic and inorganic manganese supplementation
on broiler performance and physiological responses. Animal
bioscience, 34(11): 1811.
Dikmen, B.Y., Ipek, A.Y.D.I.N., Şahan, Ü., Petek, M.E.T.I.N. and Sözcü,
A., (2016). Egg production and welfare of laying hens kept in
different housing systems (conventional, enriched cage, and free
range). Poultry science, 95(7): 1564-1572.
Durmus, I., C. Atasoglu, C. Mizrak, S. Ertas, and M. Kaya. (2004). Effect
of Increasing Zinc Concentration in the Diets of Brown Parent
Stock Layers on Various Production and Hatchability Traits (Short
communication). Arch. Tierz., Dummerstorf 47(5): 483-489.
El-Husseiny, O.M., Hashish, S.M., Ali, R.A., Arafa, S.A., Abd El-Samee,
L.D. and Olemy, A.A., (2012). Effects of feeding organic zinc, manganese
and copper on broiler growth, carcass characteristics, bone
quality and mineral content in bone, liver and excreta. International
Journal of Poultry Science, 11(6): 368.
Faghih-Mohammadi, F., Seidavi, A., & Bouyeh, M. (2022). The effects
of chelated micro-elements feeding in broiler breeder hens and their
progeny: A review. Tropical animal health and production, 54(5):
Favero, A., Vieira, S.L., Angel, C.R., Bos-Mikich, A., Lothhammer, N.,
Taschetto, D., Cruz, R.F.A. and Ward, T.L., (2013). Development
of bone in chick embryos from Cobb 500 breeder hens fed diets
supplemented with zinc, manganese, and copper from inorganic and
amino acid-complexed sources. Poultry science, 92(2): 402-411.
Franklin, S.B., Young, M.B. and Ciacciariello, M. (2021). The effects of supplemental levels of inorganic zinc, manganese and copper
on growth performance in commercial broilers. Animal: an international
journal of animal bioscience, 15(11): 100394 .
Ghasemi, H.A., Hajkhodadadi, I., Hafizi, M., Taherpour, K., Nazaran,
M.H. (2020). Effect of advanced chelate technology based trace
minerals on growth performance, mineral digestibility, tibia characteristics,
and antioxidant status in broiler chickens. Nutrition &
metabolism, 17: 1-12.
Hall, A. C., Young, B. W. and Brenner, I. (1979). Intestinal metallothionein
and the mutual antagonism between copper and zincin
the rat. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 11: 57–66.
Inal, F., B. Coskun, N. Gulsen, and Kurtoglu, V.(2001). The effects of
withdrawal of vitamin and trace mineral supplements from layer
diets on egg yield and trace mineral composition. British Poultry
Science, 42: 77–80.
Jahanian, R., Moghaddam, H.N. and Rezaei, A.(2008). Improved broiler
chick performance by dietary supplementation of organic zinc
sources. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 21(9):
-1354.
Khajaren, J., Khajaren, S., Rapp, C.J., Ward, T.A., Johnson, J.A. and
Falker, T.M.(2006). Effects of zinc and manganese amino acid complexes
(Availa-Z/M) on layer production and egg quality. Poultry
Science, 55: 322-329.
Khoshbin, M.R., Vakili, R. and Tahmasbi, A.M. (2023). Manganese–
methionine chelate improves antioxidant activity, immune system
and egg manganese enrichment in the aged laying hens. Veterinary
Medicine and Science, 9(1): 217-225.
Kidd, M. T., N. B. Anthony, and Lee, S. R.(1992). Progeny performance
when dams and chicks are fed supplemental zinc. Poultry Science,
: 1201-1206.
Kim, E., Wickramasuriya, S. S., Shin, T. K., Cho, H. M., Kim, H. B.
and Heo, J. M. (2020). Estimating total lysine requirement for optimised
egg production of broiler breeder hens during the early-laying
period. Journal of Animal Science Technology, 62(4): 521-532.
Kimura M. (2016). Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine,
(7): 1186–1191.
Klecker, D., Zeman, L., Jelinek, P. and Bunešová, A., (2002). Effect of
manganese and zinc chelates on the quality of eggs. Acta Universitatis
Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 50: 59-68.
Li, S. F., Luo, X. G., Lu, L., Liu, B., Kuang, X., Shao, G. Z. and Yu,
S. X. (2008). Effect of intravenously injected manganese on the
gene expression of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase
in broilers. Poultry science, 87(11): 2259-2265.
Liao, B., Qiao, H.G., Zhao, X.Y., Bao, M., Liu, L., Zheng, C.W., Li,
C.F. and Ning, Z. H.(2013). Influence of eggshell ultrastructural
organization on hatchability. Poultry science, 92(8): 2236-2239.
Liao, X., Li, W., Zhu, Y., Zhang, L., Lu, L., Lin, X. and Luo, X. (2018).
Effects of environmental temperature and dietary zinc on egg production
performance, egg quality and antioxidant status and expression
of heat-shock proteins in tissues of broiler breeders. British
Journal of Nutrition, 120(1): 3-12.
Londero, A., Rosa, A. P., Luiggi, F. G., Fernandes, M. O., Guterres, A.,
de Moura, S., Hettwer Pedroso, N. and Santos, N. (2020). Effect
of supplementation with organic and inorganic minerals on the
performance, egg and sperm quality and, hatching characteristics
of laying breeder hens. Animal Reproduction Science, 215: 106309.
Mabe, I., Rapp, C., Bain, M. M. and Nys, Y. (2003). Supplementation
of a Corn-Soybean Meal Rationwith Manganese, Copper, and Zinc
from Organic or Inorganic Sources Improves Eggshell Quality in
Aged Laying Hens. Poultry Science, 82: 1903–1913.
Macelline, S. P., Toghyani, M., Chrystal, P. V., de Paula Dorigam, J. C.,
Greenhalgh, S., Selle, P. H. and Liu, S. Y. (2022) Essential amino
acid recommendations for Isa Brown layers during peak and post
peak production. Poultry Science, 101(12): 102171.
Maciel, M.P., Saraiva, E.P., Aguiar, É.D.F., Ribeiro, P.A.P., Passos, D.P.
and Silva, J.B. (2010). Effect of using organic microminerals on
performance and external quality of eggs of commercial laying hens
at the end of laying. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39: 344-348.
Mahmood, H. M. and Hazim, J. (2011). Zinc Improves Egg Quality in
Cobb500 Broiler Breeder Females. International Journal of Poultry
Science, 10(6): 471-476.
Miao, Y., Chen, J., Gao, Q. and Xiong, B. (2021). Generation and
assessment of high-quality mouse oocytes and embryos following
nicotinamide mononucleotide administration. STAR Protoc. Jan
;2(1):100298.
Mohammadi, S., Tarani Kohi, H. and Qavi Hosseinzadeh, N. (2015).
Evaluation of feather mineral content as a biological reagent in
relation to the mineral status of broiler chickens, Master’s thesis,
Gilan University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources.
Mojaverian, S. A., Gharahveysi, S., Hajipour, M. (2025). Investigating
the organic and mineral forms of copper, zinc, and manganese on
the productive and reproductive performance of broiler breeder
hens. Journal of Animal Production, 27(1): 93-105.
Nowaczewski. S., Babuszkiewicz, M., Szablewski, T., Stuper-Szablewska,
K., Cegielska-Radziejewska, R., Tomczyk, Ł., Kaczmarek, S.,
Sechman, A., Lis, M. W., Kwaśniewska, M., Racewicz, P., Jarosz,
Ł., Ciszewski, A., Nowak, T. and Hejdysz, M. (2022). Effect of
weight and storage time of broiler breeders’ eggs on morphology
and biochemical features of eggs, embryogenesis, hatchability, and
chick quality. Animal,16(7): 100564.
NRC (National Research Council and Subcommittee on Poultry Nutrition),(
. Nutrient requirements of poultry, 9th rev. ed. Washington,
DC: Natl. Acad. Press.
Nys, Y., Gautron, J., Garcia-Ruiz, J.M. and Hincke, M.T. (2004). Avian
eggshell mineralization: biochemical and functional characterization
of matrix proteins. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 3(6-7): 549-562.
Oso, A. O., Lala, O. A., Oke E. O., Williams, G. A., Taiwo, A. G. and
Ogunsola, Z. O. (2020). Effects of dietary supplementation with
vitamin E, selenium yeast or both on egg incubation response,
embryonic development, keet quality, and posthatch growth of
helmeted guinea fowl breeders. Tropical Animal Health and Production.
(5): 2667-2675.
Pimentel, J. L., Cook, M. E. and Greger, J. L. (1991). Immune response
of chicks fed various levels of zinc. Poultry science, 70(4): 947-954.
Prasad, A.S. and Kucuk, O. (2002). Zinc in cancer prevention. Cancer
and Metastasis Reviews. 21: 291–295.
Qiu, J.L., Zhou, Q., Zhu, J.M., Lu, X.T., Liu, B., Yu, D.Y., Lin, G., Ao,
T. and Xu, J.M. (2020). Organic trace minerals improve eggshell
quality by improving the eggshell ultrastructure of laying hens
during the late laying period. Poultry Science, 99(3):1483-1490 .
Rahimi Fatehkohi, A., Kaysari, A., Toghiani, M. and Kaysari, M.M.
(2009). The effect of using organic chelates of copper, zinc and
manganese elements in comparison with their mineral sources on
the performance of broiler chickens, the fourth regional conference
of new ideas in agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan
Branch (Isfahan), Faculty of Agriculture.
Rezapour, A., Gharahveysi, S., Jafari Khorshidi, K. and Abdolahpour,
R. (2024). Effects of organic mineral chelates zinc, manganese, and
chromium on growth performance, physiological, hematological,
intestinal microflora, immunological, and bone traits in broiler
chickens. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 26(4): 001-001 1.
Roque, L. and Soares, M.C.(1994). Effects of eggshell quality and broiler
breeder age on hatchability. Poultry science, 73(12): 1838-1845.
Sharma, K., Gulati, R. and Bamel, K.(2023). Effect of zinc concentration
on the growth performance of White leg shrimp, Litopenaeusvannamei
Boone. Journal of Applied and Natural Science,
(1): 289-296.
Sohrabi, A., Mehri, M. and Shirmohamed, F. (2018). The effect of organic,
inorganic and hydroxy-manganese, zinc and copper sources on
the performance of old laying hens, Journal of Animal Production
Research, 8(4): 65-77.
Souza da Silva, C., Molenaar, R., Giersberg, M. F., Rodenburg, T. B.,
van Riel, J. W., De Baere, K., Van Dosselaer, I., Kemp, B., van den
Brand, H. and de Jong, I. C. (2021). Day-old chicken quality and
performance of broiler chickens from 3 different hatching systems.
Poultry Science, 100(3):100953.
Wang, D. H., Li, Y. J., Liu, L., Liu, J. S., Bao, M., Yang, N., Zhuo-Cheng,
H. and Ning, Z. H. (2017). Traits of eggshells and shell membranes
of translucent eggs. Poultry Science, 1;96(2): 351-358.
Wang, F., Lu, L., Li, S., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yao, J. and Luo, X. (2012).
Relative bioavailability of manganese proteinate for broilers fed
a conventional corn–soybean meal diet. Biological Trace Element
Research, 146(2): 181-186.
Wang, G., Liu, L.J., Tao, W.J., Xiao, Z.P., Pei, X., Liu, B.J., Wang, M.Q.,
Lin, G. and Ao, T.Y. (2019). Effects of replacing inorganic trace
minerals with organic trace minerals on the production performance,
blood profiles, and antioxidant status of broiler breeders. Poultry
Science, 98: 2888-2895.
Xiao, J. F., Wu, S. G., Zhang, H. J., Yue, H. Y., Wang, J., Ji, F. and Qi,
G. H. (2015). Bioefficacy comparison of organic manganese with inorganic manganese for eggshell quality in Hy-Line Brown laying
hens. Poultry Science, 94(8): 1871-1878.
Xie, J., Tian, C., Zhu, Y., Zhang, L., Lu, L. and Luo, X. (2014). Effects
of inorganic and organic manganese supplementation on gonadotropin-
releasing hormone-I and follicle-stimulating hormone expression
and reproductive performance of broiler breeder hens.
Poultry science, 93(4): 959-69.
Youssefi, M., Ghabel, M.R. and Ghazikhani Shad A. (2014). Effects of
organic and inorganic selenium supplements on the performance,
reproductive, some blood parameters and immune system of broiler
breeders. Animal Sciences Journal, 102: 12- 19.
Zhang, K. K., Han, M. M., Dong, Y. Y., Miao, Z. Q., Zhang, J. Z., Song,
X. Y., Feng, Y., Li, H. F., Zhang, L. H., Wei, Q. Y., Xu, J. P., Gu,
D. C., & Li, J. H. (2021). Low levels of organic compound trace
elements improve the eggshell quality, antioxidant capacity, immune
function, and mineral deposition of aged laying hens. Animal : an
international journal of animal bioscience, 15(12): 100401.
Zhang, L., Wang, Y. X., Xiao, X., Wang, J. S., Wang, Q., Li, K. X.,
Guo, T. Y. and Zhan, X. A. (2017). Effects of Zinc Glycinate on
Productive and Reproductive Performance, Zinc Concentration and
Antioxidant Status in Broiler Breeders. Biological trace element
research, 178(2): 320–326.
Zhang, L., Wang, J. S., Wang, Q., Li, K. X., Guo, T. Y., Xiao, X., Wang,
Y. X. and Zhan, X. A. (2018). Effects of Maternal Zinc Glycine on
Mortality, Zinc Concentration, and Antioxidant Status in a Developing
Embryo and 1-Day-Old Chick. Biological Trace Elements
Research, 181(2):323-330.
Zhu, Y.W., Lu, L., Li, W.X., Zhang, L.Y., Ji, C., Lin, X., Liu, H.C.,
Odle, J. and Luo, X.G. (2015). Effects of maternal dietary manganese
and incubation temperature on hatchability, antioxidant status,
and expression of heat shock proteins in chick embryos. Journal of
animal science, 93(12): 5725-5734.
Most read articles by the same author(s)