Prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in horses (Equus caballus) and donkeys (Equus asinus) in El-Bayadh district, southwestern Algeria

PDF (English)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.21786
K. BENFODIL
Higher National Veterinary School, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria
S. ANSEL
Higher National Veterinary School, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria
A. MOHAMED-CHERIF
Higher National Veterinary School, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria
K. AIT-OUDHIA
Higher National Veterinary School, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria
Abstract

Trypanosoma evansi is a parasite that causes surra in a variety of wild and domestic animals and is mainly transmitted by biting flies in Africa, Asia and Latin-America. Horses infected by Trypanosoma evansi present a chronic weight loss, icterus, oedema, anemia, abortions and neurological troubles. Due to this parasite, cases of human trypanosomiosis have been reported in different countries by contacting with infected animals. In this study, 206 healthy equines (177 horses and 29 donkeys) from El-Bayadh district, located in southwest Algeria, were tested for the presence of parasites in blood using Giemsa-stained blood films and for the presence of antibodies against T. evansi using CATT /T. evansi. While none of the equines showed detectable parasites in the blood, the individual seroprevalence of T. evansi was found to be 46.6% (CI 95%, 40.7-54.4%). Out of 98 positives samples, 56.1% (55/98) were shown at level 1 (+), 27.5% (27/98) at level 2 (++) and 16.3% (16/98) at level 3 (+++). The results show that out of 177 tested horses, 80 were seropositive to T. evansi, 45.2% (CI 95%, 37.8-52.5%) and out of 29 tested donkeys, 18 were seropositive to T. evansi, 62.1% (CI 95%, 44.4-79.7%). A questionnaire for the owners, targeted to associate risk factors for surra in horses, showed that environmental factors that are favorable for Tabanids, such as water and vegetation, but also promiscuity with dromedaries were positively associated with the seroprevalence rate in the horses. El-Bayadh district is a highly endemic region for surra in Algeria.

Article Details
  • Rubrik
  • Research Articles
Creative-Commons-Lizenz
Dieses Werk steht unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung - Nicht-kommerziell 4.0 International.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

· Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Downloads
Keine Nutzungsdaten vorhanden.
Literaturhinweise
Abo-Shehada MN, Anshassi H, Mustafa G, Amr Z (1999) Prevalence of Surra among camels and horses in Jordan. Prev Vet Med 38:289–293.
Baldacchino F, Desquesnes M, Mihok S, Foil LD, Duvallet G, Jittapalapong S (2014) Tabanids: Neglected subjects of research, but important vectors of disease agents! Infect Genet Evol 28:596–615.
Bennoune O, Adili N, Amri K, Bennecib L, Ayachi A (2013) Trypanosomiasis of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Algeria: First report In: Veterinary Research Forum: An International Quarterly Journal , p 273. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Birhanu H, Rogé S, Simon T, Baelmans R, Gebrehiwot T, Goddeeris BM, Büscher P (2015) Surra Sero K-SeT, a new immunochromatographic test for serodiagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi infection in domestic animals. Vet Parasitol 211:153–157.
Brun R, Hecker H, Lun Z-R (1998) Trypanosoma evansi and T. equiperdum: distribution, biology, treatment and phylogenetic relationship (a review). Vet Parasitol 79:95–107.
Chappuis F, Loutan L, Simarro P, Lejon V, Buscher P (2005) Options for Field Diagnosis of Human African Trypanosomiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 18:133–146.
Claes F, Ilgekbayeva GD, Verloo D, Saidouldin TS, Geerts S, Buscher P, Goddeeris BM (2005) Comparison of serological tests for equine trypanosomosis in naturally infected horses from Kazakhstan. Vet Parasitol 131:221–225.
Clausen P-H, Chuluun S, Sodnomdarjaa R, Greiner M, Noeckler K, Staak C, Zessin K-H, Schein E (2003) A field study to estimate the prevalence of Trypanosoma equiperdum in Mongolian horses. Vet Parasitol 115:9–18.
Dargantes AP, Mercado RT, Dobson RJ, Reid SA (2009) Estimating the impact of Trypanosoma evansi infection (surra) on buffalo population dynamics in southern Philippines using data from cross-sectional surveys. Int J Parasitol 39:1 109–1114.
Desquesnes M, Dargantes A, Lai D-H, Lun Z-R, Holzmuller P, Jittapalapong S (2013) Trypanosoma evansi and Surra: A Review and Perspectives on Transmission, Epidemiology and Control, Impact, and Zoonotic Aspects. BioMed Res Int 2013:1–20.
Dia ML, Diop C, Aminetou M, Jacquiet P, Thiam A (1997) Some factors affecting the prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in camels in Mauritania. Vet Parasitol 72:111–120.
Elshafie EI, Sani RA, Hassan L, Sharma R, Bashir A, Abubakar IA (2013) Seroprevalence and risk factors of Trypanosoma evansi infection in horses in Peninsular Malaysia. Res Vet Sci 94:285–289.
Evans, G. (1880) Report on “surra” disease in the Dera Ismail Khan district, Punjab Gov. Mil. Dep 493-446.
Evans, G. (1881) On a Horse Disease in India Known as “Surra,” Probably Due to a Hæmatozoon. Vet. J. Ann. Comp. Pathol 13:180–200.
Fernández D, González-Baradat B, Eleizalde M, González-Marcano E, Perrone T, Mendoza M (2009) Trypanosoma evansi: A comparison of PCR and parasitological diagnostic tests in experimentally infected mice. Exp Parasitol 121:1–7.
Fikru R, Andualem Y, Getachew T, Menten J, Hasker E, Merga B, Goddeeris BM, Büscher P (2015) Trypanosome infection in dromedary camels in Eastern Ethiopia: Prevalence, relative performance of diagnostic tools and host related risk factors. Vet Parasitol 211:175–181.
Gardiner PR, Mahmoud MM (1992) Salivarian trypanosomes producing disease in livestock outside sub-Saharan Africa (Report). Academic Press.
Haridy FM, El-Metwally MT, Khalil HH, Morsy TA (2011) Trypanosoma evansi in dromedary camel: with a case report of zoonosis in greater Cairo, Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 41:65–76.
Hasan MU, Muhammad G, Gutierrez C, Iqbal Z, Shakoor A, Jabbar A (2006) Prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi Infection in Equines and Camels in the Punjab Region, Pakistan. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1081:322–324.
Herrera HM, Dávila AMR, Norek A, Abreu UG, Souza SS, D’Andrea PS, Jansen AM (2004) Enzootiology of Trypanosoma evansi in Pantanal, Brazil. Vet Parasitol 125:263–275.
Hilali M, Abdel-Gawad A, Nassar A, Abdel-Wahab A, Magnus E, Büscher P (2004) Evaluation of the card agglutination test (CATT/T. evansi) for detection of Trypanosoma evansi infection in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Egypt. Vet Parasitol 121:45–51.
Hoare CA (1965) Vampire Bats as Vectors and Hosts of Equine and Bovine Trypanosomes. Acta Trop 22:204–16.
Joshi PP, Shegokar VR, Powar RM, Herder S, Katti R, Salkar HR, Dani VS, Bhargava A, Jannin J, Truc P (2005) Human trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi in India: the first case report. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73:491–495.
Kumar R, Kumar S, Khurana SK, Yadav SC (2013) Development of an antibody-ELISA for seroprevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in equids of North and North-western regions of India. Vet Parasitol 196:251–257.
Laha R, Sasmal NK (2008) Endemic status of Trypanosoma evansi infection in a horse stable of eastern region of India – a field investigation. Trop Anim Health Prod 40:357–361.
Luckins AG (1988) Trypanosoma evansi in Asia. Parasitol Today 4:137–142.
MADR.: Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries., 2016.
Mahmoud MM, Gray AR (1980) Trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma evansi (steel, 1885) balbiani, 1888. a review of recent research. Trop Anim Health Prod 12:35–47.
Njiru ZK, Constantine CC, Ndung’u JM, Robertson I, Okaye S, Thompson RCA, Reid SA (2004) Detection of Trypanosoma evansi in camels using PCR and CATT/T. evansi tests in Kenya. Vet Parasitol 124:187–199.
Powar R, Shegokar V, Joshi P, Dani V, Tankhiwale N, Truc P, Jannin J, Bhargava A (2006) A rare case of human trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma Evansi. Indian J Med Microbiol 24:72.
Ramírez-Iglesias JR, Eleizalde MC, Gómez-Piñeres E, Mendoza M (2011) Trypanosoma evansi: A comparative study of four diagnostic techniques for trypanosomosis using rabbit as an experimental model. Exp Parasitol 128:91–96.
Rodrigues A, Fighera RA, Souza TM, Schild AL, Barros CSL (2009) Neuropathology of naturally occurring Trypanosoma evansi infection of horses. Vet Pathol 46:251–258.
Tamarit A, Gutierrez C, Arroyo R, Jimenez V, Zagalá G, Bosch I, Sirvent J, Alberola J, Alonso I, Caballero C (2010) Trypanosoma evansi infection in mainland Spain. Vet Parasitol 167:74–76.
Tehseen S, Jahan N, Qamar MF, Desquesnes M, Shahzad MI, Deborggraeve S, Büscher P (2015) Parasitological, serological and molecular survey of Trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary camels from Cholistan Desert, Pakistan. Parasit Vectors 8.
Tuntasuvan D, Jarabrum W, Viseshakul N, Mohkaew K, Borisutsuwan S, Theeraphan A, Kongkanjana N (2003) Chemotherapy of surra in horses and mules with diminazene aceturate. Vet Parasitol 110:227–233.
Van Vinh Chau N, Buu Chau L, Desquesnes M, Herder S, Phu Huong Lan N, Campbell JI, Van Cuong N, Yimming B, Chalermwong P, Jittapalapong S, Ramon Franco J, Tri Tue N, Rabaa MA, Carrique-Mas J, Pham Thi Thanh T, Tran Vu Thieu N, Berto A, Thi Hoa N, Van Minh Hoang N, Canh Tu N, Khac Chuyen N, Wills B, Tinh Hien T, Thwaites GE, Yacoub S, Baker S (2016) A Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation of the First Reported Human Infection With the Zoonotic Parasite Trypanosoma evansi in Southeast Asia. Clin Infect Dis 62:1002–1008.
Zayed AA, Habeeb SM, Allam N a. T, Ashry HMZ, Mohamed AHH, Ashour AA, Taha HA (2010) A critical comparative study of parasitological and serological differential diagnostic methods of Trypanosoma evansi infections in some farm animals in Egypt.
Am-Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci 8:633–642.
Am häufigsten gelesenen Artikel dieser/dieses Autor/in