The Nutritive value and in-vitro digestibility of peels and pomaces of different citrus species Nutritive value assessment for citrus species by products
Abstract
The nutritive value and invitro digestibility of agro-industrial byproducts of Citrus aurantium, Citrus paradisi, Citrus reticulata, Citrus limon and Citrus sinensis were assessed for their feed modification potential. Nutritive value assessment was done through chemical analysis while the ANKOM Daisy II incubator method was used to determine the invitro digestibility. At p>0.05, there was no statistical significance for nutritive value of the citrus byproducts for the five species. The agro-industrial by-products had significantly different phenolic content. Invitro digestibility of the peels significantly differed from the pomaces (p<0.001). The byproducts of the five citrus species showed potential to be considered as non-forage energy sources in ruminant feed. Lemon byproducts had high protein but not sufficient as a single protein source while bitter orange pomace may be considered for antioxidant capacity and high digestibility. Abundance of citrus agro-industrial byproducts, nutritive value potentials and their digestibility makes it a good strategy for ruminant feed modification and utilization.
Article Details
- Zitationsvorschlag
-
Olowu, O., & Yaman Firincioglu, S. (2023). The Nutritive value and in-vitro digestibility of peels and pomaces of different citrus species: Nutritive value assessment for citrus species by products. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 74(3), 6171–6179. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.31044
- Ausgabe
- Bd. 74 Nr. 3 (2023)
- Rubrik
- Research Articles
Dieses Werk steht unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung - Nicht-kommerziell 4.0 International.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
· Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
· Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
· Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Downloads
Keine Nutzungsdaten vorhanden.
Literaturhinweise
Alnaimy A, Gad AE, Mustafa MM, Atta MAA, Basuony HAM (2017)
Using of citrus by products in farm animals feeding. Open Access
Journal of Science 1:58-67.
Ammerman CB and Henry PR (1991) Citrus and vegetable products for
ruminant animals. In: Proceedings of Alternative Feeds for Dairy and
Beef Cattle National Invitational Symposium, St. Louis, MO:103
AOAC (2005) Official method of Analysis. 18th Ed, Association of Offi
ciating Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, Methods 935.14 and
24.
Aregheore EM (2000) Chemical composition, and nutritive value of some
tropical by-product feedstuffs for small ruminants-In vivo and in vitro
digestibility. Animal Feed Science and Technology 85(1):99-109.
Atta MB and El- Shenawi GM (2012) Extraction of natural antioxidant
from flavedo layer of Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) peel. In pro
ceedings of CBAA, International Conference on Biotechnology Ap
plications in Agriculture. Ben`har University, Moshtohor and Hurgh
ada, Egypt 2:51-59.
Bampidis VA and Robinson P H (2006) Citrus by-products as ruminant
feeds: A review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 128(3-4):175
Beyzi S, Ulger I, Kaliber M, Konca Y (2018) Determination of chemical,
nutritional and fermentation properties of citrus pulp silages. Turkish
Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6:1833.
Castrica M, Rebucci R, Giromini C, Tretola M, Cattaneo D, Baldi A
(2019) Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of agri-food
waste and by-products. Italian Journal of Animal Science 18(1):336
Chiofalo B, Liotta L, Zumbo A, Chiofalo V (2004) Administration of ol
ive cake for ewe feeding: Effect on milk yield and composition. Small
Rumin. Res 1:169-176.
Dugmore TJ (1995) The chemical composition and nutritive value of se
lected KwaZulu-Natal feedstuffs: Dairying in KwaZulu-Natal. Ed.
Dugmore TJ, KwaZulu-Natal Department of Agriculture 211-226.
El-aal HA and Halaweish FT (2010) Food preservative activity of phe
nolic compounds in orange peel extracts (Citrus sinensis L.). Lucrari
Stiintifice, 53:233-240.
El-ghfar MHAA, Ibrahim HM, Hassan IM, Abdel Fattah AA, Mahmoud
MH (2016) Peels of Lemon and Orange as Value-Added Ingredients:
Chemical and Antioxidant Properties. International Journal of Cur
rent Microbiology and Applied Sciences 5(12):777-794.
Ersus S. and Cam M (2007) Determination of Organic Acids, Total Phe
nolic Content, and Antioxidant Capacity of Sour Citrus Aurantium
Fruits. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 43(5): 607-609.
FAO (2016) FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization. Citrus fruit
fresh and processed, Statistical Bulletin.
Fahey GC, Novotny L, Layton B, Mertens DR (2019) Critical factors in
determining fiber content of feeds and foods and their Ingredients.
Journal of AOAC International 102(1):52-62.
Fegeros K, Zervas, Stamouli S, Apostolaki E (1995) Nutritive value of
dried citrus pulp and its effect on milk yield and milk composition of
lactating ewes. Journal of Dairy Science 78:1118-1121.
Figuerola, F, Hurtado ML, Estévez AM, Chiffelle I, Asenjo, F (2005) Fi
ber concentrates from apple pomace and citrus peel as potential fiber
sources for food enrichment. Food Chemistry, 91(3):395-401.
García-Rodríguez J, Ranilla MJ, France J, Alaiz-Moretón H, Carro MD,
López S (2019) Chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and
rumen fermentation kinetics of agro-industrial by-products. Animals
(Basel) 9(11):861.
Ghanem N, Mihoubi D, Kechaou N, Mihoubi NB (2012) Microwave de
hydration of three citrus peel cultivars: Effect on water and oil reten
tion capacities, color, shrinkage, and total phenols content. Crops and
Products 40:167-177.
Gorinstein S, Martın-Belloso O, Park YS, Haruenkit R, Lojek A, Ĉıž M,
Caspi A, Libman I, Tkhtenberg S (2001) Comparison of some bio
chemical characteristics of different citrus fruits. Food Chemistry
(3):309-315.
Guimarães R, Barros L, Barreira JC, Sousa MJ, Carvalho AM, Ferreira
IC (2010) Targeting excessive free radicals with peels and juices of
citrus fruits: Grapefruit, lemon, lime and orange. Food and Chemical
Toxicology 48(1):99-106.
Harper KJ and McNeill DM (2015) The role of iNDF in the regulation of
feed intake and the importance of its assessment in subtropical rumi
nant systems (the Role of iNDF in the Regulation of Forage Intake).
Agriculture 5:778-790.
Hegazy AE and Ibrahim MI (2012) Antioxidant activities of orange peel
extracts. World Applied Sciences Journal 18(5):684-688.
Hon FM, Oluremi OIA and Anugwa FOI (2009) The Effect of Dried Sweet
Orange (Citrus sinensis) Fruit Pulp Meal on the Growth Performance
of Rabbits. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 8: 1150-1155.
Hussain SB, Anjum MA, Hussain S, Ejaz S, Kamran HM (2017) Agro-cli
matic conditions affect fruit quality of mandarin (Citrus reticulata
Blanco) cultivars. Fruits 72:341-349
Janati SSF, Beheshti HR, Feizy J, Fahim NK (2012) Chemical compo
sition of lemon (Citrus limon) and peels its consideration as animal
food. GIDA Journal of Food 37(5):267-271.
Kalantar M (2018) The Importance of Flavonoids in Ruminant Nutrı
tion. Archives of Animal Husbandry Dairy Science 1(1) AAHDS.
MS.1D.000504.
Bejar KA, Ghanem N, Mihoubi D, Kechaou N, Mihoubi NB (2011) Effect
of Infrared Drying on Drying Kinetics, Color, Total Phenols and Wa
ter and Oil Holding Capacities of Orange (Citrus Sinensis) Peel and
Leaves. International Journal of Food Engineering 7(5).
Lashkari S and Taghizadeh A (2012) Nutrient digestibility and evaluation
of protein and carbohydrate fractionation of citrus by-products. Jour
nal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 97(4):701-709.
Lashkari S and Taghizadeh A (2015) Digestion kinetics of Carbohydrate
fractions of citrus by-products.Veterinary Research Forum 6(1):41
Lashkari S, Taghizadeh A, Paya H, Jensen SK (2017) Growth perfor
mance, nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of fattening lambs
fed diet replacing corn with orange pulp. Span. J. Agric. Res15:2171
Lee SHY, Humphries DJ, Cockman DA, Givens DI, Spencer JPE (2017)
Accumulation of citrus flavanones in bovine milk following citrus
pulp incorporation into the diet of dairy cows. EC Nutrition 7(4): 143
Liotta L, Randazzo CL, Russo N, Zumbo A, Di Rosa AR, Caggia, C, Chi
ofalo V (2019) Effect of molasses and dried orange pulp as sheep
dietary supplementation on physico-chemical, microbiological and
fatty acid profile of Comisana ewe’s milk and cheese. Front. Nutr 6:1
Magda RA, Awad AM, Selim KA (2008) Evaluation of mandarin and or
ange peels as natural sources of antioxidant in biscuits. Journal of
Food Science and Technology special vol:75-82.
Mamma D and Christakopoulos P (2014) Biotransformation of citrus
by-products into value added products. Waste and Biomass Valori
zation 5(4):529-549.
Marín FR, Soler-Rivas C, Benavente-García O, Castillo J, Pérez-Alvarez
JA (2007) By-products from different citrus processes as a source of
customized functional fibres. Food Chemistry 100(2):736-741.
M’hiri N, Ioannou I, Ghoul M and Boudhrioua NM (2015) Proximate
chemical composition of orange peel and variation of phenols and
antioxidant activity during convective air drying, Journal of New Sci
ences, Biotechnol 9:881-890.
Mirzaei A and Maheri-Sis N (2008) Nutritive value of some agro-indus
trial by-products for ruminants: A Review. World J. Zool. 2:40-46.
Nagarajaiah SB and Prakash J (2016) Chemical composition and bioac
tivity of Pomace from Selected Fruits. International Journal of Fruit
Science 16(4):423-443.
Olowu OO and Yaman Fırıncıoğlu S (2019) Feed Evaluation Methods:
Performance, Economy and Environment. Eurasian Journal of Agri
cultural Research 3(2): 48-57.
Olivo PM, Dos Santos GT, Itavo LCV, Silva Junior RC, Leal ES, Prado
RM (2017) Assessing the nutritional value of agro-industrial co-prod
ucts and feed through chemical composition, in vitro digestibility,
and gas production technique. Acta Scientiarum - Animal Sciences.
(3):289-295.
Oskoueian E, Abdullah N, Oskoueian (2013) Effects of Flavonoids on
Rumen Fermentation Activity, Methane Production and Microbial
Population. Biomed Res Int 2013 :1-8.
Özkan ÇÖ, Kaya E, Ülger İ, Güven İ, Kamalak A (2017) Effect of species
on nutritive value and methane production of citrus pulps for rumi
nants. Hayvansal Üretim 58(1): 8-12.
Paula EM, Samensari RB, Machado E, Pereira LM, Maia FJ (2016) Ef
fects of phenolic compounds on ruminal protozoa population, ruminal
fermentation, and digestion in water buffaloes. Livest Sci 185:136-41.
Palangi V, Taghizadeh A and Sadeghzadeh MK (2013) Determine of nutri
tive value of dried citrus pulp various using in situ and gas production
techniques. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental sciences 3(6):
-16.
Polyorach S and Wanapat M (2015) Improving the quality of rice straw
by urea and calcium hydroxide on rumen ecology, microbial protein
synthesis in beef cattle. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 99:449-456.
Rehman SU, Abbas KS, Qayyum A, Jahangor M, Nisa S, Tareen MN,
Tareen MJ, Sohaol A, Sopade P (2020) Comparative analysis of cit
rus fruits for nutraceutical properties. Food Science and Technology,
Campinas, 40(Suppl. 1): 153-157.
Robinson PH, Campbell Mathews M, Fadel JG (1999). Influence of stor
age time and temperature on in vitro digestion of neutral detergent
f
ibre at 48 h, and comparison to 48 h in sacco neutral detergent fibre
digestion. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 80:257-266.
Scerra V, Caparra P, Foti F, Lanza M, Priolo A (2001) Citrus pulp and
wheat straw silage as an ingredient in lamb diets: Effects on growth
and carcass and meat quality. The Journal of the International Goat
Association 40:51-56.
Singh B, Singh JP, Kaur A, Singh N (2020) Phenolic composition, anti
oxidant potential and health benefits of citrus Peel, Food Research
International 132:109114.
Sir Elkhatim KA, Elagib RAA, Hassan AB (2018) Content of phenolic
compounds and vitamin C and antioxidant activity in wasted parts
of Sudanese citrus fruits. Food Science and Nutrition 6:1214-1219.
Spranghers T, Ottoboni M, Klootwijk C, Ovyn A, Deboosere S, De Meu
lenaer B, Michiels J, Eeckhout M, De Clercq P, De Smet S (2016)
Nutritional composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) pre
pupae reared on different organic waste substrates. J. Sci. Food Agric
: 2594-2600.
Tayengwa T, Chikwanha OC, Raffrenato E, Dugan MER, Mutsvangwa
T, Mapiye C (2021) Comparative effects of feeding citrus pulp and
grape pomace on nutrient digestibility and utilization in steers. An
imal 15 (1):10020.
The jamovi project (2021) Jamovi. (Version1.8) [Computer Software].
Retrieved from https://www.jamovi.org/
Tripodo M, Lanuzza F, Micali G, Coppolino R, Nucita F (2004) Citrus
waste recovery: A new environmentally friendly procedure to obtain
animal feed. Bioresource Technology 91:111-115.
United States Department of Agriculture and Global Agriculture Infor
mation Network (USDA/GAIN) (2020) Citrus annual report. Turkey
TU2020-0048: 6-16.
Uzun A and Yesiloglu T (2012) Genetic Diversity in Citrus. Genetic Di
versity in Plants. Published by InTech. ISBN: 978-953-51-0185-7.
Van Soest PJ, Robertson JD, Lewis BA (1991) Methods for dietary fibre,
and neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation
to animals’ nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74:3583-3597.
Volpato RM, De Oliveira V, Gewehr CE, Neto DP (2015) Agro-industrial
co-products in feed for piglets. Ciên. Rur 1:86-91.
Wachirapakorn C, Parmaluk P, Wanapat M, Pakdee P, Cherdthong A
(2014) Effects of levels of crude protein and ground corn cobs in total
mixed ration on intake, rumen fermentation and milk in crossbred
Holstein Friesian lactating dairy cows. Journal of Applied Animal
Research 42 (3): 263-268
Waterhouse AL (2001) Determination of total phenolics. In R. E. Wrolstad
(Ed.), Current protocols in food analytical chemistry, New York, NY:
John Wiley and Sons.
Woyengo TA, Jha R, Beltranena E, Zijlstra, RT (2016) In vitro digestion
and fermentation characteristics of canola coproducts simulate their
digestion in the pig intestine. Animal 2016 6:911-918.
Yeganehpour E, Taghizadeh A, Paya H, Hossein-Khani A, Palangi V,
Shirmohammadi S, Abachi S (2021) Utilization of fruit and vegeta
ble wastes as an alternative renewable energy source in ruminants’
diet. Biomass Conversion Biorefinery 1-9.https://doi.org/10.1007/
s133399-021-01-0665-w.
Zoiopoulos PE, Volanis M, Natskoulis PI (2008) Investigation into the use
of citrus by-products as animal feeds in Greece. Tree and Forestry
Science and Biotechnology 1:4.
