Παρουσία των αφλατοξινών στο γάλα και επιδράσεις τους στην αναπαραγωγή


Δημοσιευμένα: Nov 24, 2017
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Αφλατοξίνες γάλα αναπαραγωγή γεννητικό σύστημα
G. D. KOUROUSEKOS (Γ. Δ. ΚΟΥΡΟΥΣΕΚΟΣ)
A. G. LYMBEROPOULOS (Α. Γ. ΛΥΜΠΕΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ)
Περίληψη

Οι αφλατοξίνες είναι τοξικοί μεταβολίτες των μυκήτων Aspergillus flavus και Aspergillus parasiticus. Οι μύκητες αυτοί προσβάλλουν τις ζωοτροφές και κάτω από κατάλληλες συνθήκες παράγουν τις αφλατοξίνες (Β1, Β2, Gl, G2). Όταν οι τελευταίες καταναλωθούν από τα ζώα, προκύπτουν διάφορες παθολογικές καταστάσεις (αφλατοξινώσεις), με συμπτώματα που ποικίλλουν ανάλογα με το είδος του ζώου, την ηλικία, το βαθμό προσβολής της ζωοτροφής και την ποσότητα της προσλαμβανόμενης τροφής. Σήμερα, οι αφλατοξίνες απασχολούν όλο και περισσότεροτους ερευνητές, αφού προσβάλλουν σε σημαντικό βαθμό τις ζωοτροφές σε πολλά μέρη του κόσμου. Οι περιοχές με το μεγαλύτερο πρόβλημα είναι εκείνες με τροπικό ή υποτροπικό κλίμα, μιας και τα επίπεδα υγρασίας και θερμοκρασίας παίζουν σπουδαίο ρόλο στην ανάπτυξη των μυκήτων. Άμεση συνέπεια της λήψης αφλατοξίνης Β1 είναι η απέκκριση στο γάλα της αφλατοξίνης ΜΙ, μεταβολίτη της Β1. Η ΜΙ είναι δυνατό να ανιχνευθεί στο γάλακαι σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις σε επίπεδα υψηλότερα από τα ανώτατα επιθυμητά όρια που ορίζει η νομοθεσία κάθε κράτους, καθιστώντας το γάλα ακατάλληλο για κατανάλωση. Πολλές είναι οι έρευνες που αναφέρονται στις επιδράσεις των αφλατοξινών στο αναπαραγωγικό σύστημα. Η γενετήσια ωριμότητα, η ανάπτυξη και ωρίμανση των ωοθυλακίων, τα επίπεδα των ορμονών, η κυοφορία, η ανάπτυξη του εμβρύου είναι μερικές από τις παραμέτρους που είναι δυνατό να επηρεαστούν από τις αφλατοξίνες. Σε ό,τι αφοράτο γεννητικό σύστημα του αρσενικού, οι περισσότερες αναφορές σχετίζονται με την πιθανή επίδραση των αφλατοξινών στο μέγεθος και στο βάρος των γεννητικών οργάνων, στη σπερματογένεση, στον αριθμό και στη μορφολογία των σπερματοζωαρίων, καθώς και στα επίπεδα των ορμονών.

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Αναφορές
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