Η χρήση των οργανικών οξέων στη διατροφή του χοίρου και των πτηνών


Δημοσιευμένα: Nov 27, 2017
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
προσθετικά ζωοτροφών οργανικά οξέα αυξητικοί παράγοντες Χοίροι πτηνά
I. A GIANNENAS (Η. ΓΙΑΝΝΕΝΑΣ)
Περίληψη

Σε αυτήν τn βιβλιογραφική εργασία εξετάστηκε η χρήση των οργανικών οξέων ως πρόσθετων υλών ζωοτροφών στη διατροφή του χοίρου και των πτηνών. Σκοπός της εργασίας ήταν η εκτίμηση της επίδρασης των οργανικών οξέων και των αλάτων τους στις αποδόσεις του χοίρου και των πτηνών, η περιγραφή των οργανικών οξέων που χρησιμοποιούνται στη διατροφή των ζώων, ο τρόπος χορήγησης τους, αλλά και η διερεύνηση του μηχανισμού δράσης τους. Τα οργανικά οξέα που συνήθως χρησιμοποιούνται είναι το μυρμηκικό, το οξικό, το προπιονικό, το φουμαρικό, το κιτρικό, το σορβικό και το βουτυρικό οξύ, καθώς και τα άλατα τους. Τα οξέα αυτά χορηγούνται κυρίως με την τροφή, αλλά μπορεί να χορηγηθούν και με το πόσιμο νερό. Η αποτελεσματική χρησιμοποίηση των οργανικών οξέων στη διατροφή του χοίρου και των πτηνών απαιτεί γνώση του τρόπου δράσης τους. Γενικά, θεωρείται ότι τα οργανικά οξέα και τα άλατα τους μειώνουν το pΗ της τροφής και του στομάχου, με αποτέλεσμα να αυξάνουν την ενεργότητα των πρωτεολυτικών ένζυμων και να βελτιώνουν έτσι την πέψη των πρωτεϊνών. Ακόμη, μειώνουν την pΗ-ρυθμιοτική ικανότητα των τροφών, με αποτέλεσμα να παρεμποδίζεται οαποικισμός του εντέρου από παθογόνα μικρόβια. Επίσης, βελτιώνουν τη φαινόμενη πεπτικότητα των πρωτεϊνών και των αμινοξέων,αυξάνουν την απορρόφηση των ανόργανων ουσιών και επηρεάζουντη σύνθεση της μικροβιακής χλωρίδας και τη μορφολογικήδομή του βλεννογόνου του εντέρου. Αποτελέσματα σχετικών πειραματισμών δείχνουν ότι τα οργανικά οξέα βελτιώνουν το ρυθμό αύξησης και το δείκτη μετατρεψιμότητας της τροφής στα απογαλακτισμένα χοιρίδια και τους παχυνόμενους χοίρους. Εξάλλου,τα οργανικά οξέα βελτιώνουν τις αποδόσεις των κρεοπαραγωγών ορνιθίων, όταν χορηγούνται σε σχετικά μεγάλες δόσεις, ενώ στις αυγοπαραγωγές όρνιθες βελτιώνουν την απορρόφηση μακροστοιχείων, όπως του φωσφόρου ή του ασβεστίου. Από την παρούσα εργασία συνάγεται ότι μετά την πρόσφατη απαγόρευση της χρήσης των αντιβιοτικών ουσιών ως αυξητικών παραγόντων από την ΕυρωπαϊκήΈνωση, η χρήση των οργανικών οξέων ως πρόσθετων υλών ζωοτροφών για το χοίρο και τα πτηνά μπορεί να είναι μια ενδιαφέρουσα εναλλακτική λύση. Ωστόσο, η επίδραση των οργανικών οξέων στις αποδόσεις του χοίρου και των πτηνών παρουσιάζειμεγάλες διακυμάνσεις και απαιτείται περαιτέρω έρευνα για καλύτερη κατανόηση της δράσης και της αποτελεσματικότητας των ουσιών αυτών.

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