Χλαμυδιακη αποβολή του προβάτου και της αίγας. Ι. Νεότερα δεδομένα για την αιτιολογία, την παθογένεια, τους μηχανισμούς ανοσίας και την επιζωοτιολογία της νόσου

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Δημοσιευμένα: Jan 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15354
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Πρόβατα αίγες χλαμυδιακη αποβολή χλαμύδια ταξινόμηση παθογένεια ανοσία μετάδοση
V. SIARKOU (Β. ΣΙΑΡΚΟΥ)
Εργαστήριο Μικροβιολογίας και Λοιμωδών Νοσημάτων, Τμήμα Κτηνιατρικής Α.Π.Θ.
Περίληψη

Η χλαμυδιακη αποβολή αποτελεί μια από τις σημαντικότερες αιτίες λοιμώδους αποβολής στα πρόβατα και τις αίγες και προκαλεί σημαντικές οικονομικές απώλειες στις περισσότερες κτηνοτροφικές χώρες, όπως και στην Ελλάδα. Στην ανασκόπηση αυτή παρουσιάζονται στοιχεία που αφορούν τον αιτιολογικό παράγοντα, την παθογένεια, την ανοσολογική απάντηση και την επιζωοτιολογία της νόσου. Μετά τις πρόσφατες αλλαγές που έχουν γίνει στην ταξινόμηση των χλαμυδιών, κρίθηκε απαραίτητη η αναφορά στις νέες οικογένειες, τα νέα γένη και τα νέα είδη της τάξης Chlamydiales, με έμφαση στο νέο είδος Chlamydophila abortus, που αποτελεί τον αιτιολογικό παράγοντα της χλαμυδιακής αποβολής. Αναφέρονται τα πρόσφατα πειραματικά δεδομένα που αφορούν τα σημεία εισόδου του μικροοργανισμού, την εξάπλωση του και την εγκατάσταση του στον πλακούντα. Επίσης αναφέρονται σύγχρονες απόψεις πάνω στη χυμική και κυτταρική ανοσολογική απάντηση, το ρόλο της ιντερφερόνης-γ στη διατήρηση της λοίμωξης σε λανθάνουσα κατάσταση και το ρόλο των Τ-λεμφοκυττάρων στην προστασία. Τέλος, γίνεται ιδιαίτερη αναφορά στο ρόλο που μπορεί να παίξουν τα αρσενικά ξώα στη μετάδοση της νόσου και το ρόλο των άλλων χλαμυδιακών ειδών στην πρόκληση αποβολής.

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