Πολυμορφισμοί του γονιδίου της πρωτεΐνης prion σε θετικές, ως προς την κλασσική τρομώδη νόσο, εκτροφές προβάτων στην Κεντρική Μακεδονία


Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
τρομώδης νόσος γονοτυπική ανάλυση πρωτεϊνη prion αλυσιδωτή αντίδραση πολυμεράσης
C. KIOUTSIOUKIS
E. PAPADOGIANNAKIS
V. PALASKA
V. KONTOS
D. PAPAKOSTAKI
S. PARASKEVA
E. VASSALOU
Περίληψη

Για την έρευνα αυτή πραγματοποιήθηκε αιμοληψία σε 1.456 πρόβατα, ηλικίας 1-7 ετών, από 7 θετικές εκτροφές της Ημαθίας και της Θεσσαλονίκης, ως προς την κλασσική τρομώδη νόσο, στα πλαίσια της εφαρμογής του Εθνικού Προγράμματος Επιτήρησης, Ελέγχου και Εξάλειψης των Μεταδοτικών Σπογγωδών Εγκεφαλοπαθειών (ΜΣΕ) στα μικρά μηρυκαστικά του Υπουργείου Αγροτικής Ανάπτυξης & Τροφίμων, για τα έτη 2009-2013. Τα αιμοδείγματα συλλέχθηκαν από κρατικούς κτηνιάτρους των κτηνιατρικών υπηρεσιών της Ημαθίας και Θεσσαλονίκης και οι γονοτυπικές εξετάσεις πραγματοποιήθηκαν στο Εθνικό Εργαστήριο Αναφοράς για τις ΜΣΕ, Κτηνιατρικό Εργαστήριο Λάρισας με τη μέθοδο της αλυσιδωτής αντίδρασης της πολυμεράσης σε πραγματικό χρόνο (Real-time PCR). Από τα 1.456 πρόβατα που εξετάστηκαν, τα 340 ήταν φυλής Χίου, τα 633 ημίαιμα Χίου και τα 483 ημίαιμα. Τα εξεταζόμενα ζώα παρουσίασαν μεγάλη γενετική ποικιλομορφία, καθώς βρέθηκαν 7 διαφορετικά αλληλόμορφα και 23 διαφορετικοί γονότυποι. Ο κυρίαρχος γονότυπος σε όλες τις φυλές ήταν ο ARQ/ARQ,ακολουθούμενος από τον ARR/ARQ. Ο απλότυπος TRQ ήταν συχνός στα Χιώτικα και στα ημίαιμα Χίου πρόβατα, ενώ ο απλότυπος VRQ ήταν σπάνιος σε όλες τις φυλές. Είναι αξιοσημείωτο ότι 3 γονότυποι (ARH/TRQ, ARR/ARKκαι ARK/VRQ) ανιχνεύθηκαν για πρώτη φορά στην Ελλάδα. Επιπλέον, 2 από αυτούς τους γονότυπους (ARH/TRQ, και ARK/VRQ) δεν έχουν, καθ’ όσον γνωρίζουμε, αναφερθεί ποτέ μέχρι σήμερα. Επίσης, δίνεται έμφαση στο γεγονός ότι στη χώρα μας παρατηρούνται τα περισσότερα κρούσματα κλασσικής τρομώδους νόσου των προβάτων κάθε χρόνο σε όλη την Ευρώπη. Συνεπώς είναι επιτακτική ανάγκη να μειωθεί η επίπτωση της νόσου στην Ελλάδα, μέσω της εφαρμογής προγραμμάτων επιλογής/αναπαραγωγής ανθεκτικών προβάτων (selective breeding programs) ως προς την κλασσική τρομώδη νόσο. Σε αυτό συνηγορεί το γεγονός ότι ο επιπολασμός της νόσου στην Ελλάδα συνδέεται με τον γονότυπο ARQ/ARQ, ο οποίος είναι ο πιο συχνός γονότυπος. Άρα η δραστική μείωση του ARQ/ARQ και άλλων ευαίσθητων γονότυπων θα προκαλέσει δραματική μείωση της επίπτωσης της νόσου, προς όφελος της προβατοτροφίας και της εθνικής μας οικονομίας.

Λεπτομέρειες άρθρου
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Λήψεις
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Αναφορές
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