Physiological and Blood Response in Goat Kids Disbudding by Subcutaneous Injection of Eugenol and Cautery


Δημοσιευμένα: Ιουλ 9, 2023
Ενημερώθηκε: 2023-07-09
Εκδόσεις:
2023-07-09 (3)
M FarajliAbbasi
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9540-2659
MM Molaei
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-9937
H Sharifi
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-7618
MM Oloumi
A Behzadi
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6988-3759
Περίληψη

This study was aimed to compare the pain in five days old goat kids disbudding by eugenol and cautery method. the eugenol is known as a main factor in novel disbudding method named clove oil. In this study, serum cortisol levels, and clinical changes were evaluated to compare disbudding by eugenol and cautery.  A total of 25 Raieni (Cashmere) goat kids aged 5 days old were randomly allocated to 1-5 treatment groups (n=5), To differentiate the pain caused by disbudding with the stress of restraint and blood sampling in the results, the animals in both methods of disbudding were divided into different groups according to the evaluated parameters; groups 1,2 cautery-disbudded(550°C,3-6s), and groups 3-5 SC eugenol(0.1cc) administration- disbudded. The cortisol serum level immediately after disbudding in group 2 was 7.94±0.02 µg/dL, vs. group 4, 6.34±0.03 (mean ± SE), and over time, the values were in favor of the eugenol group, despite being insignificant up to 240 and 480 minutes after defoliation. The respiratory rate in group 3 was 77±1.13 vs. group 1, 108±0.67 (mean ± SE), and pulse rate in group 3 was 239.4±1.13 vs. group 1, 284±1.53; and rectal temperature showed no significant difference among groups 1&3. In group 5, there was no significant difference between before and after cell blood count and blood enzymes analysis, which could be an argument for the lack of effect of eugenol on vital organs. The results showed less stress and pain level in eugenol-disbudded groups compared to cautery-disbudded in goat kids (P≤0.05). Analysis of specific blood serum enzymes represented no side effect on vital organs in eugenol injection. Our data suggest that eugenol may be a suitable alternative to old and outdated or painful routine disbudding methods. The difference in our findings with similar studies can be due to the difference in the methodology of sampling., analysis and measurement accuracy. However, more research with wide aspect on pain reliability, availability, economy, and behavioral is needed to assess whether eugenol can replace other methods.

Λεπτομέρειες άρθρου
  • Ενότητα
  • Research Articles
Λήψεις
Τα δεδομένα λήψης δεν είναι ακόμη διαθέσιμα.
Αναφορές
Abbasi MF, Molaei MM, Kheirandish R, Mostafavi A (2018) Chemical disbudding of goat kids with subcutaneous administration of synthetic eugenol: Histopathology and morphometry. Vet Res Forum 9(3):225‐230
Ajuda I, Battini M, Mattiello S, Arcuri C, Stilwell G (2020) Evaluation of pain mitigation strategies in goat kids after cautery disbudding. Animals 10(2):277.
Ali SM, Khan AA, Ahmed I, Musaddiq M, Ahmed KS, Polasa H, Rao LV, Habibullah CM, Sechi LA, Ahmed N (2005) Antimicrobial activities of Eugenol and Cinnamaldehyde against the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 4(1): 20
Alma MH, Ertas M, Nitz S, Kollmannsberger H (2007) Chemical composition and content of essential oil from the bud of cultivated Turkish clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.). BioResources 2(2):265-269
B. Pavithra (1981) Eugenol-A Review. Indian J Med Res 73:443-451
Bengtsson B, Menzel A, Holtenius P, Jacobsson SO (1996) Cryosurgical dehorning of calves: a preliminary study. Vet Reco 138:234–237
Carrasco A H, Espinoza C L, Cardile V, Gallardo C, Cardona W, Lombardo L, Catalán M K, Cuellar F M, Russo A (2008) Eugenol and its synthetic analogues inhibit cell growth of human cancer cells (Part I). J Braz Chem Soc 19(3):543-548
Di Pasqua R, Hoskins N, Betts G, Mauriello G (2006) Changes in membrane fatty acids composition of microbial cells induced by addiction of thymol, carvacrol, limonene, cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol in the growing media. J Agric Food Chem 54(7): 2745-2749
Endo N, Yamane H, Rahayu LP, Tanaka T (2018) Effect of repeated adrenocorticotropic hormone administration on reproductive function and hair cortisol concentration during the estrous cycle in goats. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1; 259:207-12.
Fazio F, Arfuso F, Giudice E, Giannetto C, Piccione G (2016) Physiological differences between twin and single-born lambs and kids during the first month of life. Arch Anim Breed 4;59(2):201-207.
FW. Oehme (1988) Textbook of large animal surgery: Williams and Wilkins 180-185
Giannetto C, Arfuso F, Fazio F, Giudice E, Panzera M, Piccione G (2017) Rhythmic function of body temperature, breathing and heart rates in newborn goats and sheep during the first hours of life. J Vet Behav 18:29-36
Hechter O, Pincus G (1954) Genesis of the adrenocortical secretion. Physiol Rev 1;34(3):459-96.
Hempstead MN, Waas JR, Stewart M, Cave VM, Sutherland MA (2017) Behavioural response of dairy goat kids to cautery disbudding. Appl Anim Behav Sci 1; 194:42-47
Hempstead MN, Waas JR, Stewart M, Cave VM, Sutherland MA (2018a) Evaluation of alternatives to cautery disbudding of dairy goat kids using physiological measures of immediate and longer-term pain. J Dairy Sci 101(6): 5374-5387
Hempstead MN, Waas JR, Stewart M, Cave VM, Sutherland MA (2020) Can isoflurane and meloxicam mitigate pain associated with cautery disbudding of 3-week-old goat kids? Animals 10(5):878
Hempstead MN, Waas JR, Stewart M, Dowling SK, Cave VM, Lowe GL, Sutherland MA (2018b) Effect of isoflurane alone or in combination with meloxicam on the behavior and physiology of goat kids following cautery disbudding. J Dairy Sci 101(4): 3193-3204
Hernández Sánchez P (2012) Complexation of eugenol (EG), as main component of clove oil and as pure compound, with β-and HP-β-CDs. Food Nutr Sci 3(06):716
Jaganathan SK, Supriyanto E (2012) Antiproliferative and molecular mechanism of eugenol-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Molecules 17(6):6290-304.
Jephcott EH, McMillen IC, Rushen JP, Thorburn GD (1987) A comparison of the effects of electroimmobilisation and, or, shearing procedures on ovine plasma concentrations of β-endorphin/β-lipoprotein and cortisol. Res Vet Sci 43(1): 97-100
Koger LM (1976) Dehorning by injection of calcium chloride. Veterinary medicine, small animal clinician. Vet Med Small Anim Clin 71(6):824-825
Kozam G, Mantell GM (1978) The effect of eugenol on oral mucous membranes. J Dent Res 57:954–957
McMeekan CM, Stafford KJ, Mellor DJ, Bruce RA, Ward RN, Gregory NG (1998) Effects of regional analgesia and/or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic on the acute cortisol response to dehorning in calves. Res Vet Sci 64(2): 147-150
Mellor DJ, Murray L (1989a) Changes in the cortisol responses of lambs to tail docking, castration and ACTH injection during the first seven days after birth. Res Vet Sci 46(3): 392-395
Mellor DJ, Murray L (1989b) Effects of tail docking and castration on behaviour and plasma cortisol concentrations in young lambs. Res Vet Sci 46(3): 387-391
Molaei MM, Mostafavi A, Kheirandish R, Azari O, Shaddel M (2015) Study of disbudding goat kids following injection of clove oil essence in horn bud region Vet Res Forum 6 (1):17-22
Molony V, Kent JE (1997) Assessment of acute pain in farm animals using behavioral and physiological measurements. J Anim Sci 75(1):266-272
Morton DB, Griffiths PH (1985) Guidelines on the recognition of pain, distress and discomfort in experimental animals and an hypothesis for assessment. Vet Rec 116(16): 431-436
Nfor ON, Chan JP, Kere M, Peh HC (2016) Disbudding pain: The benefits of disbudding goat kids with dexmedetomidine hydrochloride. Small Rumin Res. 1; 139:60-66
Ohkubo T, Shibata M (1997) The selective capsaicin antagonist capsazepine abolishes the antinociceptive action of eugenol and guaiacol. J Dent Res 76 (4): 848-851.
Pearson RA, Mellor DJ (1975) Some physiological changes in pregnant sheep and goats before, during and after surgical insertion of uterine catheters. Res Vet Sci 19(1): 102-104
San-Myint WR, Abu-Bakar M (1995) Determination of optimal conditions for extraction of alcohol-soluble eugenol containing material from cloves. Pertanika J Sci Technol 3(1): 99-106
Schaefer F, Chen Y, Tsao T, Nouri P, Rabkin R (2001) Impaired JAK-STAT signal transduction contributes to growth hormone resistance in chronic uremia. J Clin Invest 108(3): 467-475
Schibler L, Cribiu EP, Oustry-Vaiman A, Furet JP, Vaiman D (2000) Fine mapping suggests that the goat Polled Intersex Syndrome and the human Blepharophimosis Ptosis Epicanthus Syndrome map to a 100-kb homologous region. Genome Res 1;10(3):311-8
SL. Fubini, N. Ducharme (2016) Farm Animal Surgery-E-Book: Elsevier Health Sciences 511-15.
Stilwell G, Carvalho RC, Carolino N, Lima MS, Broom DM (2010) Effect of hot-iron disbudding on behaviour and plasma cortisol of calves sedated with xylazine. Res Vet Sci 88(1): 188-193
Stilwell G, de Carvalho RC, Lima MS, Broom DM (2009) Effect of caustic paste disbudding, using local anaesthesia with and without analgesia, on behaviour and cortisol of calves. Appl Anim Behav Sci 15;116(1):35-44
Stilwell G, Lima MS, Carvalho RC, Broom DM (2012) Effects of hot-iron disbudding, using regional anaesthesia with and without carprofen, on cortisol and behaviour of calves. Res Vet Sci 92(2): 338-341
Thompson DC, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Moldéus P (1991) Metabolism and cytotoxicity of eugenol in isolated rat hepatocytes. Chem Biol Interact 77 (2): 137-147
Thompson KG, Bateman RS, Morris PJ (2005) Cerebral infarction and meningoencephalitis following hot-iron disbudding of goat kids. N Z Vet J 53(5):368-370
Van den Brom R, Greijdanus-van der Putten S, Van der Heijden M, Lievaart-Peterson K, Vellema P, De Grauw J. Thermal disbudding in goat kids in the Netherlands: current practice, complications and considerations. Small Rumin Res 183:106036
Vickers KJ, Niel L, Kiehlbauch LM, Weary DM (2005) Calf response to caustic paste and hot-iron dehorning using sedation with and without local anesthetic. J Dairy Sci 88(4): 1454-1459
Wagmann N, Spadavecchia C, Morath-Huss U, Schüpbach-Regula G, Zanolari P (2018) Evaluation of anaesthesia and analgesia quality during disbudding of goat kids by certified Swiss farmers. BMC veterinary research. BMC Vet Res 14(1):220