Identification of Enterococcus Species Isolated from Commercial Fish Feeds and Infected Fish Specimens


Δημοσιευμένα: Ιουλ 11, 2024
S Kumru
Z Dengiz Balta
H Aliu
F Balta
Περίληψη

Enterococcus is a Gram‐positive cocci bacterium that can survive in different environmental conditions such as water, plant, and soil. They are also bacteriological signs of fecal contamination. In aquaculture facilities, Enterococcus species have appeared as one of the crucial opportunistic fish pathogens. Enterococcus-caused fish diseases have been reported in different fish species like yellow tail, turbot, and tilapia. Even though Enterococcus species are used as probiotics and are members of the gastrointestinal flora, they can cause pathogenicity like sepsis, wound infections, urinary tract infections, and others. In this study, we isolated bacterial samples from diseased rainbow trout and trout feed. Based on the API 20 strep test kit, they were determined as Enterococcus faecium. While fish isolate samples had 74.4%-99.9% similarity to E. faecium, trout feed isolate samples had 96.4%-99.9% similarity to E. faecium. Moreover, PCR was performed from trout feed isolate samples by using the universal 16S rRNA primers. Sequence results indicate that the samples were E. faecium and E. faecalis. The phylogenetic tree was constructed with other Enterococcus species of 16S rRNA and our samples were located in the E. faecium and E. faecalis species. In conclusion, there may be contamination of Enterococcus with food or other factors. They are opportunistic microorganisms and cause pathogenicity when the host immunity weakens. This may be the first report of Enterococcus contamination and pathogenicity on feeds and fish. Even though all samples with API 20 strep test kit were identified as E. faecium, they had the lower percentage similarity, so they may be E. faecalis and other Enterococcus species. Thus, further studies are needed to understand their probiotic and pathogenicity functions in aquaculture production.

Λεπτομέρειες άρθρου
  • Ενότητα
  • Research Articles
Λήψεις
Τα δεδομένα λήψης δεν είναι ακόμη διαθέσιμα.
Αναφορές
Akter T, Haque MN, Ehsan R, Paul SI, Foysal MJ, Tay ACY, Islam MT,
Rahman MM (2023) Virulence and antibiotic-resistance genes in Enterococcus faecalis associated with streptococcosis disease in fish.
Sci Rep-Uk 13.
Akter T, Rahman MM, Tay ACY, Ehsan R, Islam MT (2020) Whole-Genome Sequence of Fish-Pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis Strain
BFFF11. Microbiol Resour Announc 9.
Araujo AJG, Grassotti TT, Frazzon APG (2021) Characterization of Enterococcus spp. isolated from a fish farming environment in southern
Brazil. Braz J Biol 81, 954-961.
Araujo C, Munoz-Atienza E, Hernandez PE, Herranz C, Cintas LM, Igrejas G, Poeta P (2015) Evaluation of Enterococcus spp. from rainbow
trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), feed, and rearing environment against fish pathogens. Foodborne Pathog Dis 12, 311-322.
Athanassopoulou F, Roberts RJ (2004) Streptococcal infections of farmed
fish. Journal of The Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 55, 136-144.
Balta F (2016) Phenotypic, Serotypic and Genetic Characterization and
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Determination of Vibrio anguillarum,
Isolated from Cultured Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) in
the Southeast Black Sea, Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin
, 4393-4400.
Balta F, Karatay I (2021) Lactococcus garvieae Infection and Treatment
Observed in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 6, 651-661.
Banos A, Ariza JJ, Nunez C, Gil-Martinez L, Garcia-Lopez JD, Martinez-Bueno M, Valdivia E (2019) Effects of Enterococcus faecalis
UGRA10 and the enterocin AS-48 against the fish pathogen Lactococcus garvieae. Studies in vitro and in vivo. Food Microbiol 77,
-77.
Dashti AA, Jadaon MM, Abdulsamad AM, Dashti HM (2009) Heat Treatment of Bacteria: A Simple Method of DNA Extraction for Molecular
Techniques. Kuwait Med J 41, 117-122.
de la Maza L, Pezzlo M, Bittencourt C, Peterson E (2020) Enterococcus,
In: Color Atlas of Medical Bacteriology, 3 ed. American Society for
Microbiology, USA, pp. 24-29.
Dias JAR, Abe HA, Sousa NC, Silva RDF, Cordeiro CAM, Gomes GFE,
Ready JS, Mourino JLP, Martins ML, Carneiro PCF, Maria AN, Fujimoto RY (2019) Enterococcus faecium as potential probiotic for
ornamental neotropical cichlid fish, Pterophyllum scalare (Schultze,
. Aquacult Int 27, 463-474.
El Jeni R, Ghedira K, El Bour M, Abdelhak S, Benkahla A, Bouhaouala-Zahar B (2020) High-quality genome sequence assembly of R.A73
Enterococcus faecium isolated from freshwater fish mucus. BMC Microbiol 20, 322.
Jha AK, Bais HP, Vivanco JM (2005) Enterococcus faecalis mammalian
virulence-related factors exhibit potent pathogenicity in the Arabidopsis thaliana plant model. Infect Immun 73, 464-475.
Kahieshesfandiari M, Nami Y, Lornezhad G, Kiani A, Javanmard A, Jaymand M, Haghshenas B (2021) Herbal hydrogel-based encapsulated Enterococcus faecium ABRIINW.N7 improves the resistance of
red hybrid tilapia against Streptococcus iniae. J Appl Microbiol 131,
-2527.
Kotob MH, Menanteau-Ledouble S, Kumar G, Abdelzaher M, El-Matbouli M (2016) The impact of co-infections on fish: a review. Vet
Res 47, 98.
Kwit R, Zajac M, Smialowska-Weglinska A, Skarzynska M, Bomba
A, Lalak A, Skrzypiec E, Wojdat D, Koza W, Mikos-Wojewoda E,
Pasim P, Skora M, Polak M, Wiacek, J, Wasyl D (2023) Prevalence
of Enterococcus spp. and the Whole-Genome Characteristics of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis Strains Isolated from
Free-Living Birds in Poland. Pathogens 12.
Lebreton F, Willems RJL, Gilmore MS (2014) Enterococcus Diversity,
Origins in Nature, and Gut Colonization, In: Enterococci: From Commensals to Leading Causes of Drug Resistant Infection, Boston.
Martins ML, Mourino JLP, Amaral GV, Vieira FN, Dotta G, Jatoba AMB,
Pedrotti FS, Jeronimo GT, Buglione-Neto CC, Pereira G (2008) Haematological changes in Nile tilapia experimentally infected with Enterococcus sp. Braz J Biol 68, 657-661.
Masduki F, Y JM, Min CC, Karim M (2020) Characterization of Enterococcus hirae Isolated from the Intestine of Seabass (Lates Calcarifer)
as a New Potential Probiotic against Pathogenic Vibrios. Curr Microbiol 77, 3962-3968.
Matsuura Y, Takasaki M, Miyazawa R, Nakanishi T (2017) Stimulatory
effects of heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis on cell-mediated immunity in fish. Dev Comp Immunol 74, 1-9.
Nami Y, Kahieshesfandiari M, Lornezhad G, Kiani A, Elieh-Ali-Komi D,
Jafari M, Jaymand M, Haghshenas B (2022) Administration of microencapsulated Enterococcus faecium ABRIINW.N7 with fructo-oligosaccharides and fenugreek on the mortality of tilapia challenged with
Streptococcus agalactiae. Front Vet Sci 9, 938380.
Nieto JM, Devesa S, Quiroga I, Toranzo AE (1995) Pathology of Enterococcus sp. Infection in Farmed Turbot, Scophthalmus-Maximus L.
Journal of Fish Diseases 18, 21-30.
Novais C, Campos J, Freitas AR, Barros M, Silveira E, Coque TM, Antunes P, Peixe L (2018) Water supply and feed as sources of antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus spp. in aquacultures of rainbow trout
(Oncorhyncus mykiss), Portugal. Sci Total Environ 625, 1102-1112.
Petersen A, Dalsgaard A (2003) Antimicrobial resistance of intestinal
Aeromonas spp. and Enterococcus spp. in fish cultured in integrated
broiler-fish farms in Thailand. Aquaculture 219, 71-82.
Qamer S, Sandoe JA, Kerr KG (2003) Use of colony morphology to distinguish different enterococcal strains and species in mixed culture
from clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 41, 2644-2646.
Rahman M, Rahman MM, Deb SC, Alam MS, Alam MJ, Islam MT (2017)
Molecular Identification of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Fish Pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis and their Control by Medicinal Herbs.
Sci Rep-Uk 7.
Rizkiantino R, Pasaribu FH, Soejoedono RD, Purnama S, Wibowo DB,
Wibawan IWT (2021) Experimental infection of Enterococcus faecalis in red tilapia (Oreochromis hybrid) revealed low pathogenicity to
cause streptococcosis. Open Vet J 11, 309-318.
Srinivasan R, Karaoz U, Volegova M, MacKichan J, Kato-Maeda M,
Miller S, Nadarajan R, Brodie EL, Lynch SV (2015) Use of 16S
rRNA gene for identification of a broad range of clinically relevant
bacterial pathogens. PLoS One 10, e0117617.
Suphoronski SA, de Souza FP, Chideroli RT, Mantovani Favero L, Ferrari
NA, Ziemniczak HM, Goncalves DD, Lopera Barrero NM, Pereira
UP (2021) Effect of Enterococcus faecium as a Water and/or Feed
Additive on the Gut Microbiota, Hematologic and Immunological Parameters, and Resistance Against Francisellosis and Streptococcosis
in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Front Microbiol 12, 743957.
Tilwani YM, Sivagnanavelmurugan M, Lakra AK, Jha N, Arul V (2022)
Enhancement of growth, innate immunity, and disease resistance by
probiotic Enterococcus faecium MC-5 against Aeromonas hydrophila
in Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala. Vet Immunol Immunopathol
, 110503.
Vadassery DH, Pillai D (2020) Quorum quenching potential of Enterococcus faecium QQ12 isolated from gastrointestinal tract of Oreochromis
niloticus and its application as a probiotic for the control of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus
. Braz J Microbiol 51, 1333-1343.
Zaheer R, Cook SR, Barbieri R, Goji N, Cameron A, Petkau A, Polo
RO, Tymensen L, Stamm C, Song J, Hannon S, Jones T, Church D,
Booker CW, Amoako K, Van Domselaar G, Read RR, McAllister TA
(2020) Surveillance of Enterococcus spp. reveals distinct species and
antimicrobial resistance diversity across a One-Health continuum. Sci
Rep 10, 3937.
Zhang Z, Schwartz S, Wagner L, Miller W (2000) A greedy algorithm for
aligning DNA sequences. J Comput Biol 7, 203-214.
Zorrilla I, Chabrillon M, Arijo S, Diaz-Rosales P, Martinez-Manzanares
E, Balebona MC, Morinigo MA (2003) Bacteria recovered from diseased cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) in southwestern
Spain. Aquaculture 218, 11-20