A review of the pharmacology of osmotic agents for the treatment of glaucoma in dogs

PDF (English)
Publicado: Mar 5, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.16028
T. MAŚLANKA
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury
M. ZUŚKA-PROT
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury
Resumen
At present, the only proven way to treat glaucoma is to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). Osmotic agents constitute an important class of ocular hypotensive agents. These medications are used for the rapid reduction of IOP, typically in emergency situations, in which IOP is severely elevated and there is a high risk of permanent and irreversible damage of the optic nerve. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on the mechanism of action of osmotic agents and their effect on IOP in dogs. Moreover, it discusses the possible undesirable side effects of these medications and presents the current ideas about their role and status in the medical management of canine glaucoma.
Article Details
  • Sección
  • Research Articles
Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

· Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
Citas
Anderson DR, Davis EB (1975) Sensitivities of ocular tissues to acute pressure induced ischemia. Arch Ophthalmol 93:267-274
Atkins JM, Wildenthal K,Horwitz LD (1973) Cardiovascular responses to hyperosmotic mannitol in anesthetized and conscious dogs. Am J Physiol 225:132-137
Becker B, Kolker AE, Krupin T (1967) Isosorbide, an oral hyperosmotic agent. Arch Ophthalmol 78:147-150
Borges HF, Hocks J, Kjellstrand CM (1982) Mannitol intoxication in patients with renal failure. Arch Intern Med 142:63-66
Brock KA, Thurmon JC (1979) Pulmonary edema associated with mannitol administration. Canine Pract 6:31-33.Α
Brock KA, Thurmon JC, Benson GJ, Tranquilli WJ (1985) Selected hemodynamic and renal effects of intravenous infusions of hypertonic mannitol in dogs anesthetized with methoxyflurane in oxygen. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 21:207-214
Cantonnet A (1904) Essai de traitement du glaucome par les substances osmotiques. Arch Ophtal (Par) 24:1-25
Consul BN, Kulshrestha OP (1965) Oral glycerol in glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 60:900-907
Craig EL (1994) Glaucoma therapy: osmotic agents. In: (eds: Mauger TF, Craig EL) Havener’s ocular pharmacology, 6th edn., Mosby, St.Louis, pp. 180-200
Drance SM (1964) Effect of oral glycerol of intraocular pressure in normal and glaucomatous ryes. Arch Ophthalmol 72:491-493
Dugan SJ, Roberts SM Severin GA (1989) Systemic osmotherapy for ophthalmic disease in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 194:115-118
Duncan LS, Ellis PP, Paterson CA (1970) Effect of hyperosmotic agents on vitreous osmolality. Exp Eye Res 10:129-132
Duncan LS, Hostetter T, Ellis PP (1969) Vitreous osmolality changes following administration of hyperosmotic agents. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 8:353
Gelatt KN, Brooks DE, Kallberg ME (2007) The canine glaucomas. In: (ed. Gelatt KN) Veterinary Ophthalmology, 4th edn. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, pp. 753-811
Gilroy BA (1986) Intraocular and cardiopulmonary effects of low-dose mannitol in the dog. Vet Surg 15: 342-344
Hertel E (1914) Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Abhangigkeit des Augendrucks von der Blutbeschaffenheit. Von Graefes Arch Ophth 88:197-229
Javid M (1958) Urea: New use of an old agent. Reduction of intracranial and intraocular pressure. Surg Clin North Am 38:907-928
Krupin T, Podos SM, Becker B (1973) Alteration of intraocular pressure after third ventricle injections of osmotic agents. Am J Ophthalmol 76:948-952
Kulshrestha OP, Mittal RN (1972) Isosorbide and intraocular pressure. Br J Ophthalmol 56:439-441
Lam KW, Shihab Z, Fu, YA, Lee PF (1980) The effect of optic nerve transaction upon the hypotensive action of ascorbate and mannitol. Ann Ophthalmol 12:1102-1104
Lorimer DW, Hakanson NE, Pion PD, Merideth RE (1989) The effect of intravenous mannitol or oral glycerol on intraocular pressure in dogs. Cornell Vet 79:249-258
Marshall LF, Smith RW, Rauscher LA, Shapiro HM (1978) Mannitol dose requirements in brain-injured patients. J Neurosurg 48:169-172
Maślanka T (2015a) A review of the pharmacology of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for the treatment of glaucoma in dogs and cats. Vet J 203:278-284
Maślanka T (2014a) Autonomic drugs in the treatment of canine and feline glaucoma - Part I: Medications that lower intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humour. Pol J Vet Sci 17:741-752
Maślanka T (2014b) Autonomic drugs in the treatment of canine and feline glaucoma - Part II: Medications that lower intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humour production. Pol J Vet Sci 17:753-763
Maślanka T (2015b) Pharmacology of topical prostaglandin F2α analogs and their place in the treatment of glaucoma in small animals. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 38:105-112
Mauger TF, Nye CN, Boyle KA (2000) Intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth and axial length following intravenous mannitol. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 16:591-594
Miller PE (2013) The Glaucomas. In: (eds: Maggs DJ, Miller PE, Ofri R) Slatter’s Fundamentals of Veterinary Ophthalmology, 5th edn. Elsevier Saunders, St Louis, pp. 247-271
O’Keeffe M, Nabil M (1983) The use of mannitol in intraocular surgery. Ophthalmic Surg 14:55-56
Podos SM, Krupin T, Becker B (1971) Effect of small-dose hyperosmotic injections on intraocular pressure of small animals and man when optic nerves are transected and intact. Am J Ophthalmol 71, 898-903
Regnier A (2007) Antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory agents, and antiglaucoma drugs. In: (ed: Gelatt KN) Veterinary Ophthalmology, 4th edn. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, pp. 228-331
Riise D, Simonsen SE (1969) Intraocular pressure in unilateral optic nerve lesion. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 47:750-756
Robbins R, Galin MA (1969) Effect of osmotic agents on the vitreous body. Arch Ophthalmol 82:694-699
Serafano DM, Brubaker RF (1978) Intraocular pressure after optic nerve transection. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 17: 68-71
Serle JB, Danias J, Gagliuso DJ (2003) Hyperosmotic agents. In: (eds: Morrison JC, Pollack IP) Glaucoma: Science and Practice, 1st edn. Thieme, New York, pp. 406-411
Smith LN, Miller PE, Felchle LM (2010) Effects of topical administration of latanoprost, timolol, or a combination of latanoprost and timolol on intraocular pressure, pupil size, and heart rate in clinically normal dogs. Am J Vet Res 71:1055-1061
Stamper RL, Lieberman MF, Drake MV (2009) Medical treatment. In (eds: Stamper RL, Lieberman MF, Drake MV) Becker-Shaffer’s Diagnosis and Therapy of the Glaucomas. 8th edn. Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis, pp. 359-435
Toris CB (2010) Pharmacotherapies for glaucoma. Curr Mol Med 10:824-840
Virno M, Cantore P, Bietti C, Bucci MG (1963) Oral glycerol in ophthalmology. A valuable new method for the reduction of intraocular pressure. Am J Ophthalmol 55:1133-1142
Volopich S, Mosing M, Auer U., Nell B. (2006) Comparison of the effect of hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch and mannitol on the intraocular pressure in healthy normotensive dogs and the effect of hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch on the intraocular pressure in dogs with primary glaucoma. Vet Ophthalmol 9, 239-244
Wasserman NT, Kennard G, Cochrane ZN, Felchle LM (2013) Effects of oral isosorbide and glycerol on intraocular pressure, serum osmolality, and blood glucose in normal dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 16:20-24
Weiss DI, Shaffer RN, Harrington DO (1963) Treatment of malignant glaucoma with intravenous mannitol infusion. Medical reformation of the anterior chamber by means of an osmotic agent: a preliminary report. Arch Ophthalmol 69:154-158
Weiss DI, Shaffer RN, Wise BL (1962) Mannitol infusion to reduce intraocular pressure. Arch. Ophthalmol. 68: 341-347
Willis AM (2004) Ocular hypotensive drugs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 34:755-776
Wisznia KI, Lazar M, Leopold IH (1970) Oral isosorbide and intraocular pressure. Am J Ophthalmol 70:630-634