The art of shampoos in canine and feline dermatology: Treatment and prevention strategies


D. N. CARLOTTI
H. GATTO
Abstract

This paper reviews the current technology pertaining to veterinary shampoos used for dogs and cats. The criteria used to evaluate their efficacy are presented. The indications for the use of shampoos in keratoseborrhoeic disorders, parasitic diseases, bacterial diseases, fungal diseases and allergic diseases are reviewed. In keratoseborrhoeic disorders both keratomodulating and antiseborrhoeic agents are used. Antiparasitic shampoos are not frequendy used in veterinary dermatology and their indications and limitations are discussed. Antibacterial, antifungal and antiseptic agents are included in shampoos designed to treat dermatoses resulting from microbiological agents. Their indications and efficacy are presented. Shampoos are used nowadays in conjunction with other forms of therapy to treat allergic skin diseases. The benefits of such adjunctive topical therapy are discussed. Lastly, the properties of moisturizers are presented and the value of their use in combination with therapeutic shampoos is emphasized.

Article Details
  • Sezione
  • Review Articles
Downloads
I dati di download non sono ancora disponibili.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Legeay Υ (1993) Topiques en dermatologie. Encyclopédie Vétérinaire, Elsevier, Paris, 0700, 7p.
Curtis CF (1998) Use and abuse of topical dermatological therapy in dogs and cats. Part 1- shampoo therapy. In Practice 20: 244-251.
Halliwell REW (1991) Rational use of shampoos in veterinary dermatology. J Small Anim Pract 32: 401-407.
Guaguère E (1996) Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. Vet Dermatol 7: 145-151.
Campbell KL, Schaeffer DJ (1993) Effects of four veterinary shampoos on transepidermal water losses, hydratation of the stratum corneum, skin surface lipid concentration, skin surface pH and corneocyte count in dogs. In: Proceedings of the ninth annual meeting of the American Academy of Veterinary Dermatology and American College of Veterinary Dermatology, San Diego, 96-97.
Campbell KL, Byrne KP, Henshaw NJ et al (1994) Effects of four antiseborrheic shampoos on transepidermal water losses, hydratation of the stratum corneum, skin surface lipid concentration, skin surface pH and corneocyte count in dogs. In: Proceedings of the tenth annual meeting of the American Academy of Veterinary Dermatology and American College of Veterinary Dermatology, Charleston, 85.
Beco L, Fontaine J (2000) Cornéométrie et perte d'eau transépidermique : validation des techniques chez des chiens sains. Ann Méd Vét, 144 : 329-333.
Groux D, Bensignor E (2000) Skin characteristics measured by trans-epidermal water loss, corneometry and sebometry are not valuable tools to evaluate the effects of topical treatments in dogs. Vet Dermatol, 11 (Supplì) : 60.
Inman AO, Olivry TO, Dunston SM, Monteiro-Rivière ΝΑ, Gatto Η (2001) Electron microscopie observations of the stratum corneum intercellular lipids in normal and atopic dogs. Vet Pathol 38: 720-723.
Barine Ν, Jasmin Ρ, Brouillaud Β, Guinez C, Coulon Ρ, Gatto Η (1999) Assessment of the Bio-Distribution of Non-Ionic Spherulites in Dog Skin. Proceedings of the 16th Annual Congress of the European Society of Veterinary Dermatology and European College of Veterinary Dermatology, Helsinki, 156.
Deroni M, Coutable J, Poelman MC (1990) Microemulsions: a new vehicle to enhance the efficacy of active ingredients in cosmetics. Proceedings 26th IFSCC Congress, New York, 62-67.
Canotti DN, Bensignor E (2002) Management of keratosseborrhoeic disorders. Eur J Comp Anim Pract, 12: 123-133.
Scott DW, Miller WH, Griffin CE (2001) Muller and Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology, 6th edition, WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
Kwochka KW (1993) Symptomatic Topical Therapy of Scaling Disorders. In: Current Veterinary Dermatology (Griffin CE, Kwochka KW, Mac Donald JM, Edrs) Mosby Year Book, St Louis, 191-202.
Kietzman M, Lubach D, Henkemeyer J (1990) Effects of sulphur and coaitar in epidermal metabolism. In: Advances in Veterinary Dermatology I (Von Tscharner C, Halliwell REW Edrs),
Bailliere Tindall, London, 460-461.
Leyden JJ, McGinnley KJ, Mills OH et al (1987) Effects of sulfur and salicylic acid in a shampoo base in the treatment of dandruff: a double-blind study using corneocyte counts and clinical grading. Cutis 39: 557-561.
Rogers RS, Callen J, Wehr R et al (1989) Comparative efficacy of 12% ammonium lactate lotion and 5% lactic acid lotion in the treatment of moderate to severe xerosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 21: 714-716.
Klaus MV, Wehr RF, Rogers RS et al (1990) Evaluation of ammonium lactate in the treatment of seborrheic keratoses. J Am Acad Dermatol 22: 199-203.
Jennings MB, Alfieri D, Waerd Κ et al (1998) Comparison of salicylic acid and urea versus ammonium lactate for the treatment of foot xerosis. A randomized, double-blind clinical study. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 88 : 332-336.
Uy J J, Joyce AM, Nelson JP et al (1999) Ammonium lactate12% lotion versus a liposome-based moisturizing lotion for plantar xerosis. A double-blind comparison study. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 89 : 502-505.
Lavker RM, Kaidbey K, Leyden JJ (1992) Effects of topical ammonium lactate on cutaneous atrophy from a potent topical corticosteroid. J Am Acad Dermatol 26: 535-544.
Vilaplana J, Coll J, Trillas C et al (1992) Clinical and non-invasive evaluation of 12% ammonium lactate emulsion for the treatment of dry skin in atopic and non-atopic subjects. Acta Derm Venereol 72: 28-33.
Ihrke Ρ J (1980) Topical therapy: specific topical pharmacologic agents - Dermatologie therapy (part II) Comp Cont Educ Prat Vet 11: 156-164.
Agopian-Simoneau L (1993) Soins cosmétologiques spécifiques dans l'acné ou "cosmétologie objectifs-moyens". Réalités Therapeut en Dermato-Vénérol 31:16-25.
Stamatiadis D, Bulteau-Portois MC, Mowszowicz I (1988) Inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase activity in human skin by zinc and azelaic acid. Br J Dermatol 119: 627-632.
Rème CA, Gatto H (2003) Randomized, double-blind, multicentre field trial to evaluate clinical and antimicrobial efficacy of tar and nontar antiseborrheic shampoos for dogs. Vet Dermatol, 14: 227.
Campbell KL, Kirkwood AR (1993) Effects of topical oils on TEWL in dogs with seborrhea sicca. In: Adv. Vet. Derm. II, Eds Ihrke PJ, Mason IS, White SD, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 157-162.
Carlotti DN, Jacobs DE (2000) Therapy, control and prevention of flea allergy dermatitis in dogs and cats. Vet Dermatol 11:83-98.
Franc M, Cadiergues MC (1998) Activité anti-gorgement d'un shampooing à 0.07% de deltaméthrine sur les puces du chien, Ctenocephalides Felis. Rev Méd Vét 149 : 791-794.
Carlotti DN, Maffart Ρ (1996) La Chlorhexidine, revue bibliographique. Prat Méd Chir Anim Comp 31: 553-563.
Senior Ν (1973) Some observations on the formulation and properties of Chlorhexidine. J Soc Cosmet Chem 24: 259-278.
Campbell KL, Weisiger R, Gross Τ et al (1995) Effects of four antibacterial soaps/shampoos on surface bacteria of the skin of dogs. In: Proceedings of the eleventh annual meeting of the American Academy of Veterinary Dermatology and American College of Veterinary Dermatology, Santa Fe, 43-44.
Kwochka KW, Kowalski J (1991) Prophylactic efficacy of four antibacterial shampoos against Staphylococcus intermedius in dogs. Am J Vet Res, 52: 115-118.
Lloyd DH, Reys-Brion A (1984) Le Peroxyde de benzoyle: efficacité clinique et bactériologique dans le traitement des pyodermites chroniques. Prat Méd Chir Anim Comp 19 : 445-449.
Ascher F, Maynard L, Laurent J, Goubet Β (1990) Controlled trial of ethyl lactate and benzoyl peroxide shampoos in the management of canine surface pyoderma and superficial pyoderma. In : Advances in Veterinary Dermatology Volume 1, Eds Von Tscharner C, Halliwell REW, Baillière Tindall, London, 375-382.
De Jaham C (2003) Effects of an Ethyl Lactate Shampoo in Conjunction with a Systemic Antibiotic in the Treatment of Canine Superficial Bacterial Pyoderma in an Open-Label, Nonplacebo-Controlled Study. Veterinary Therapeutics 4: 94-100.
DeBoer DJ, Monello ΚΑ (1995) Inability of two topical treatments to influence the course of experimentally induced dermatophytosis in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 207: 52-57.
Monello ΚΑ, DeBoer DJ (1995) Feline dermatophytosis. Recent advances and recommendations for therapy. Vet Clin. North Am Small Anim Pract 25: 901-921.
White-Weithers N, Medleau L (1995) Evaluation of topical therapies for the treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 31: 250-253.
Paterson S (1999) Miconazole/chlorhexidine shampoo as an adjunct to systemic therapy in controlling dermatophytosis in cats. J Small Anim Pract 40: 163-166.
Mason KV, Frost A, O'Boyle D, Connoie MD (2000) Treatment of a Microsporum canis infection in a colony of Persian cats with griseofulvin and a shampoo containing 2% miconazole, 2% Chlorhexidine, 2% miconazole and 2% Chlorhexidine or placebo. Vet Dermatol 11 (Suppl 1):55.
Sparkes AH, Robinson A, MacKay AD et al (2000) A study of the efficacy of topical and systemic therapy for the treatment of feline Microsporum canis infection. J Feline Med Surg 2:135-142.
Perrins N, Bond R (2003) Synergistic inhibition of the growth in vitro of Microsporum canis by miconazole and Chlorhexidine. Vet Dermatol 14: 99-102.
Mason KV (1993) Cutaneous Malassezia. In : Current Veterinary Dermatology, Eds Griffin CE, Kwochka KW, Mac Donald JW, Mosby Year Book, Saint-Louis, 44-48.
Bond R, Rose JF, Ellis JW, Lloyd DH (1995) Comparison of two shampoos for treatment of Malassezia pachydermatis-associated
seborrhoeic dermatitis in basset hounds. J Small Anim Pract 36:99-104.
Watanabe Y, Yokoyama M, Yamada K, Arima M, Hori Τ, Sadai M (1982), Clinical evaluation of hair shampoo and hair rinse containing Piroctone Olamine. J Japenese Cosmet Science Soc 6: 79-99.
Bourdeau P, Blumstein Ρ, Ibish C, Gardey L., Jasmin P, Gatto Η (1999) Antifungal activity of a piroctone olamine shampoo against Malassezia populations after a single treatment in the dog. In Proceedings 16th Annual Congress of the European Society of Veterinary Dermatology and European College of Veterinary Dermatology, Helsinki, 155.
Rème CA, Cadot Ρ, Holzapfel G, Jasmin P (2003) Efficacy of combined topical therapy with keratoregulating shampoo and lotion in the management of keratoseborrhoeic disorders associated
with Malassezia proliferation in dogs. Vet Dermatol, 14:264.
Scott DW, Rothstein E, William H (2000) A clinical study of the efficacy of two commercial veterinary pramoxine cream rinses in the management of pruritus in atopic dogs. Canine Pract 25:
-18
Palacio S, Viae J, Vinche A, Huband JC, Gatto H, Schmitt D (1997) Suppressive effects of monosaccharides on ICAM-1/CD54 expression in human keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res 289: 234-237.
Cadiot C, Ibisch C, Bourdeau P, Gatto H (2000) In vitro assay for detection of canine keratinocyte activation: preliminary results for pharmacological tests of activation/regulation. Vet Dermatol 11 (Suppl 1): 58.
Rème CA, Mondon A, Calmon JP et al (2004) Efficacy of combined topical therapy with an anti-allergic shampoo and lotion for the control of signs associated with atopic dermatitis in dogs. Vet Dermatol 15 (Suppl 1): 33.
Chesney CJ (1998) The intimate envelope: water and the skin. In: Advances in Veterinary Dermatology 3rd edition, Eds Kwochka KW, Willemse T, Von Tscharner C, Butterworth Heinemann,
Oxford, 47-56.
Koch HJ (1996) Shampoo therapy in veterinary dermatology. Proceedings of the Third World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology, Edinburgh, 88-90.