Nasal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility of Coagulase–Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) among healthy veterinary students in Greece

PDF (English)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.16052
E. MALISSIOVA
Food Technology Department, Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly
M. CHASIOTI
Postgraduate Course Applied Public Health and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly
T. PAPADOPOULOS
Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, National Agricultural Foundation DEMETER
D. KOMODROMOS
Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
C. HADJICHRISTODOULOU
Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly
D. SERGELIDIS
Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki
Abstract

During last decades CoNS and especially the methicillin-resistant (MRCoNS) ones have become important pathogens and their infections are usually associated with healthcare settings. CoNS are considered as source of antimicrobial resistance traits for other bacteria and thus the evaluation of their prevalence in the community contributes significantly to the risk assessment in relation to public health. The aim of the present study was the investigationof the nasal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibly of CoNS among healthy veterinary students. From 81 healthy students of the School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, 24 strains were isolated from 22 (27.16%) students. Of them 54% were identified as Staphylococcus haemolyticus, 45.8% as Staphylococcus warneri, 16.6% as Staphylococcus epidermidis, 4.2% as Staphylococcus pasteuri and 4.2% as Staphylococcus capitis. All isolates were resistant to penicillin, 33.3% were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 29.2% to erythromycin, 4.2% to oxacillin, 4.2% to gentamycin and 4.2% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The resistant to oxacillin isolate belonged to the S. epidermidis species and proved to carry the mecA gene. This study showed that the rate of nasal carriage of CoNS among veterinary students in Greece was low. The analysis of the standardised questionnaire, that was completed for each participating student during sampling, showed that pet owners tested positive for the coagulase-negative staphylococci were at a significantly lower rate (p-value=0.007) compared to non-pet owners. Moreover, among the participants who had visited a hospital over the last six months, the percentage of positive results in coagulase-negative staphylococci was significantly lower compared to that of the other participants (p-value=0.048). Although only one student found to carry methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis, its presence is evidence that this pathogen may circulate among veterinarians and the personnel of veterinary health establishments. Surveillance programs should also be performed in veterinary units because the emergence resistant bacteria in this environment may represent a risk to public health.

Article Details
  • Sezione
  • Research Articles
Creative Commons License

Questo lavoro è fornito con la licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale 4.0 Internazionale.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

· Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Downloads
I dati di download non sono ancora disponibili.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Abadi, M.I.M., Moniri, R., Khorshidi, A., Piroozmand, A., Mousavi, S.G.A., Dastehgoli, K. and Ghazikalayeh, H.M. (2015) Molecular characteristics of nasal carriage Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci in school students. Jundisapur J microbiol 8(6):e18591, DOI:10.5812/jjm.18591v2.
Aires-de-Sousa, M., Boye, K., de Lencastre, H., Deplano, A., Enright, M.C., Etienne, J., Friedrich, A., Harmsen, D. et al. (2006) High interlaboratory reproducibility of DNA sequence-based typing of bacteria in a multicenter study. J Clin Microbiol 44:619–621.
Casey, A.L., Worthington, T., Caddick, J.M., Hilton, A.C., Lambert, P.A. and Elliott, T.S.J. (2006) RAPD for the typing of coagulase-negative staphylococci implicated in catheter-related bloodstream infection. J Infect 52: 282–289.
Chambers, H.F. (1997) Methicillin resistance in staphylococci: molecular and biochemical basis and clinical implications. Clin Microbiol Rev 10: 781–791.
CLSI (2008) Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals Approved Standard CLSI Document M31-A3. Wayne, PA, USA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
EUCAST (2015) Breakpoint table for bacteria, http://www.eucast. org/ clinical _ breakpoints/
Gomez-Sanz, E., Torres, C., Lozano, C., & Zarazaga, M. (2013). High diversity of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius lineages and toxigenic traits in healthy pet-owninh household members. Underestimating normal household contact? Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 36(1):83-94.
Gordts, F., Halewyck, S., Pierard, D., Kaufman, L., & Clement, P. A. (2000) Microbiology of the middle meatus: a comparison between normal adults and children. Journal of Laryngology & Otology, 114(3):184-188.
Goslings, W. R., & Buchli, K. (1958) Nasal carrier rate of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci; influence of hospitalization on carrier rate in patients, and their household contacts. AMA Arch Intern Med, 102(5):691-715.
Harmsen, D., Claus, H., Witte, W., Rothg€anger, J., Claus, H., Turnwald, D. and Vogel, U. (2003) Typing of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus in a university hospital setting by using novel software for spa repeat determination and database management. J Clin Microbiol 41:5442–5448.
Holland, L. M., Conlon, B., & O’Gara, J. P. (2011). Mutation of tagO reveals an essential role for wall teichoic acids in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm development. Microbiology, 157(Pt 2):408-418.
Huber, H., Ziegler, D., Pfluger, V., Vogel, G., Zweifel, C., & Stephan, R. (2011). Prevalence and characteristics of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from livestock, chicken carcasses, bulk tank milk, minced meat, and contact persons. BMC Vet Res, 7, 6. doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-6
Kaygusuz, I., Kizirgil, A., Karlidag, T., Keles, E., Yalcin, S., Alpay, H. C., & Yildiz, M. (2004) The effect of smoking on nasal microbial flora. Saglik Bilimler Tip Dergisi, 18(3):187-190.
Kock, R., Werner, P., Friedrich, A. W., Fegeler, C., Becker, K., Prevalence of Multiresistant Microorganisms Study, G., & Prevalence of Multiresistant Microorganisms, P. M. M. S. G. (2016) Persistence of nasal colonization with human pathogenic bacteria and associated antimicrobial resistance in the German general population. New Microbes New Infect, 9:24-34.
Marples, R. R., Fulton, J. E., Leyden, J., & McGinley, K. J. (1969) Effect of antibiotics on the nasal flora in acne patients. Arch Dermatol, 99(6):647-651.
Murakami, K., Minamide, W., Wada, K., Nakamura, E., Teraoka, H. and Watanabe, S. (1991) Identification of methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 29:2240-2244.
Ohara-Nemoto, Y., Haraga, H., Kimura, S., & Nemoto, T. K. (2008) Occurrence of staphylococci in the oral cavities of healthy adults and nasal oral trafficking of the bacteria. J Med Microbiol, 57(Pt 1):95-99.
Otto, M. (2013). Coagulase-negative staphylococci as reservoirs of genes facilitating MRSA infection. Bioassays,35(1) 4-11.
Piette, A. and Verschraegen, G. (2009) Role of coagulasenegative staphylococci in human disease. Vet Microbiol 134:45–54.
Paul, N. C., Moodley, A., Ghibaudo, G., & Guardabassi, L. (2011) Carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in small animal veterinarians: indirect evidence of zoonotic transmission. Zoonoses Public Health, 58(8):533-539.
Rall, V. L., Sforcin, J. M., Augustini, V. C., Watanabe, M. T., Fernandes, A., Jr., Rall, R., Araujo, J. P. Jr. (2010) Detection of enterotoxin genes of Staphylococcus sp isolated from nasal cavities and hands of food handlers. Braz J Microbiol, 41(1):59-65.
Rasmussen, T. T., Kirkeby, L. P., Poulsen, K., Reinholdt, J., & Kilian, M. (2000) Resident aerobic microbiota of the adult human nasal cavity. APMIS, 108(10):663-675.
Wielders, C.L.C., Vriens, M.R., Brisse, S., de Graaf-Miltenburg, L.A.M., Troelstra, A., Fleer, A., Schmitz, F.J., Verhoef, J. et al. (2001) Evidence for in-vivo transfer of mecA DNA between strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The Lancet 357:1674–1675.
Yilmaz, M. A., Aslantas, Ö., Özer, B., & Yilmaz, E. Ş. (2015) Nasal carriage of Methicillin- Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (MR-CoNS) Among Veterinarians and Veterinary Students. . J. Fac. Vet. Med. Istanbul Univ, 41(1):69-78.
Ziebuhr, W., Hennig, S., Eckart, M., Kranzler, H., Batzilla, C. and Kozitskaya, S. (2006) Nosocomial infections by Staphylococcus epidermidis: how a commensal bacterium turns into a pathogen. Int J Antimicrob Agents 28:14–20.
Puoi leggere altri articoli dello stesso autore/i