Evaluation of blood omega-3 and omega-6 levels in healthy female dogs and female dogs with mammary tumours

PDF (English)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.27534
T. TUZLU
Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hatay, Turkey
M.K. SARIBAY
Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hatay, Turkey
E. KOLDAS ÜRER
Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hatay, Turkey
A.M. KÖSE
Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hatay, Turkey
A. GÖZER
Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hatay, Turkey
A. YAKAN
Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Hatay, Turkey
Ş.Y. ÖZSOY
Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Aydın, Turkey
Abstract

The study was designed to determine the blood levels of omega fatty acids, which have an important role in the etiology of mammary tumours, in healthy and female dogs with mammary tumour. The study was carried out in 9 female dogs with histologically confirmed mammary tumour and a control group with 9 healthy female dogs without clinical mammary neoplasia. 10 ml cephalic blood samples were collected by using a 21G x 1.5΄΄ blood collecting needle into anticoagulated tubes before the surgical removing of the mammary masses. Mastectomy was performed in all female dogs with mammary tumours and all the mammary specimens were sent to laboratory for histopathological examination. According to histopathological diagnosis results, all of the tumours were found to be malignant. Omega-3 levels were found to be higher in healthy female dogs (p<0.001) whereas omega-6 levels were higher in female dogs with mammary tumour (p<0.001). These observations support the notion tha thigh levels of omega-3 fatty acids might proove to have a protective role on mammary tumor formation in female dogs, while increased levels of omega-6 fatty acids may be related to an increased mammary tumor risk. This difference between omega-3 and omega-6 levels was found to be caused mainly by Eicosatrienoic acid. It is concluded that omega fatty acids mayplay an important role in the biological mechanism of mammary tumour in female dogs.

Article Details
  • Sezione
  • Research Articles
Creative Commons License

Questo lavoro è fornito con la licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale 4.0 Internazionale.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

· Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

· Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Downloads
I dati di download non sono ancora disponibili.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Abou-El-Ela SH, Prasse RW, Farrell RL, Carroll RW, Wade AE, Opal RB (1989) Effects of D.L-2-difluoromelhylornithine and indomethacin on mammary tumor promotion in rats fed high n-3 and/or n-6 fat diets. Cancer Res 49:1434-1440.
Alenza DP, Rutteman GR, Peña L, Beynen AC, Cuesta P (1998) Relation between habitual diet and canine mammary tumors in a case‐control study. J Vet Intern Med 12(3):132-139.
Aravani A, Downing A, Thomas JD, Lagergren J, Morris EJA, Hull MA (2018) Obesity surgery and risk of colorectal and other obesity-related cancers: an English population-based cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol 53:99-104.
Benavente MA, Bianchi CP, Aba MA(2016) Canine mammarytumors: risk factors, prognosisandtreatments.J VetAdv 6(8):1291-1300.
Bostock DE (1986) Canine and feline mammary neoplasms. Br Vet J 142:506-515.
Campbell KL, Dorn GP (1992) Effects of oral sunflower oil and olive oil on serum and cutaneous fatty acid concentrations in dogs. Res Vet Sci 53(2):172-178.
Candela GC, Bermejo Lopez LM, LoriaKohen V(2011) Importance of a balanced omega 6/omega 3 ratio for the maintenance of health. Nutritional recommendations.NutrHosp26(2):323-329.
Cave Jr WT, Erickson-Lucas MJ (1982). Effects of dietary lipids on lactogenic hormone receptor binding in rat mammary tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 68(2):319-324.
Cave WT (1996) Dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fats and breast cancer. Nutrition12 (1):39-42.
Clarke MF, Dick JE, Dirks PB, Eaves CJ, Jamieson CH, Jones DL, Visvader J, Weissman IL, Wahl GM(2006) Cancer stem cells-perspectives oncurrent status and future directions: AACR Workshop on cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 66:9339-9344.
Cohen LA, Chen-Backlund JY, Sepkovic DW, Sugie S(1993) Effect of varying proportions of dietary menhaden and corn oil on experimental rat mammary tumor promotion. Lipids 28(5):449-456.
Costa-Santos K, Damasceno K, Portela RD, Santos FL, Araujo GC, Martins-Filho EF, Silva LP, Barral TD, Santos SA, Estrela-Lima A (2019) Lipid and metabolic profiles in female dogs with mammary carcinoma receiving dietary fish oil supplementation. BMC Vet Res 15(1):1-13.
Cowing BE, Saker KE (2001) Polyunsaturated fatty acids and epidermal growth factor receptor/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in mammary cancer. J Nutr131(4):1125-1128.
Dougherty RM, Galli C, Ferro-Luzzi A, Iacono JM(1987) Lipid and phospholipid fatty acid composition of plasma, red blood cells, and platelets and how they are affected by dietary lipids: a study of normal subjects from Italy, Finland, and the USA. AmJClin Nutr 45:443-455.
Eaton SB, Konner M (1985) Paleolithic nutrition. A con-sideration of its nature and current implications. N Engl J Med 312:283-289.
Erickson KL, Hubbard NE(2010) Fatty acids and breast cancer: The role of stem cells. Prostag Leukotr Ess 82:237-241.
Fabian CJ, Kimler BF, Hursting SD (2015) Omega-3 fatty acids for breast cancer prevention and survivor ship. Breast Canc Res17(1):62.
Fay MP, Freedman LS, Clifford CK, Midthune DN (1997) Effect of different types and amounts of fat on the development of mammary tumors in rodents: a review. Cancer Res 57(18):3979-3988.
Fidler IJ, Brodey SR (1967) Anecropsy study of canine malign mammary neoplasm. J Am Vet Med Assoc 151:710-715.
Gebauer S, Harris WS, Kris-Etherton PM, Etherton (2005) TD Dietary n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio and health. In: Healthful Lipids. Akoh CC, Lai OM (Eds), AOCS Press, Champaign, Illinois: pp 221-248.
Greenly LW(2002) A nutrition primer: fat and cholesterol. J Chiropr Med1(4):201-206.
Gültiken N, Vural R (2004)The use of Baypamun together with operation for the treatment of malign mammary tumours in bitches. Ankara Univ Vet Fac 51:99-103.
Habermann N, Schön A, Lund EK, Glei M(2010) Fish fatty acids alter markers ofapoptosis in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines but fish consumption has no impact on apoptosis-induction ex vivo. Apoptosis621-630.
Huerta-Yepez S, Tirado-Rodriguez AB, Hankinson O (2016) Role of diets rich in omega-3 and omega-6 in the development of cancer. Bol Med-HospInfantMex73(6):446-456.
Kocak O, Ekiz B, Yalcintan H, Yakan A, Yilmaz A (2016) Carcass and meat quality of organic lambs compared to lambs reared under traditional and intensive production systems. Anim Prod Sci 56:38-47.
Laflamme DRPC (1997) Development andvalidation of a body conditionscoresystemfordogs: a clinicaltool. Canine Pract 22:10-15.
Lasekan JB, Clayton MK, Gendron-Fitzpatrick A, Ney DM (1990) Dietary olive and safflower oils in promotion of DMBA induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats. NutrCancer 13(3):153-63.
LasekanJB, Ney DM (1990) Mammarytumorlipidsandplasmalipoproteins in DMBA intubatedrats fed oliveorsaffloweroils. Nutr Cancer14(2): 117-126.
Lim HY, Im KS, Kim NH, Kim HW, Shin JI, Sur JH (2015) Obesity, expression of adipocytokines, and macrophage infiltration in canine mammary tumors. Vet J 203:326-331.
Luna LG (1968) Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., NewYork: p 32.
MacLennan M, Ma DWL(2010) Role of dietary fatty acids in mammary gland development and breast cancer. Breast Canc Res12(5):211.
Menendez JA, Lupu R, Colomer R (2005) Exogenous supplementation with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22: 6n-3) synergistically enhances taxane cytotoxicity and downregulates Her-2/neu (c-erbB-2) oncogene expression in human breast cancer cells. Eur J Cancer Prev 14(3):263-270.
Michael H, Goldschmidt LP, Valentina Z (2017) Tumors of the Mammary Gland. In: Tumors in Domestic Animals, 5th ed, Iowa State Press, USA:pp 723-765.
Michishita M, Akiyoshi R, Yoshimura H, Katsumoto T, Ichikawa H, Ohkusu-Tsukada K, Nakagawa T, Sasaki N, Takahashi K(2011) Characterization of spheres derived from canine mammary gland adenocarcinoma cell lines. Res Vet Sci 91:254-260.
Moulton JE (1990) Tumours in Domestic Animal.In: Tumours of mammary gland. 3rd ed, Moulton JE (Ed), University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles: pp518-522.
Nagata C, Iwasa S, Shiraki M, Sahashi Y, Shimizu H (2007) Association of maternal fat and alcohol intake with maternal and umbilical hormone levels and birth weight. Cancer Sci 98(6):869-873.
Nguyen LV, Vanner R, Dirks P, Eaves CJ(2012) Cancer stem cells: An evolving concept. Nature Rev Cancer 12:133-143.
Noguchi M, Minami M, Yagasaki R, Kinoshita K, Earashi M, Kitagawa H, Taniya T, Miyazaki I (1997) Chemoprevention of DMBA-inducedmammarycarcinogenesis in rats by low-dose EPA and DHA. Br J Cancer75:348-353.
Olivo SE, Hilakivi-Clarke L (2005) Opposing effects of prepubertal low-and high-fat n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid diets on rat mammary tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis, 26(9):1563-1572.
Pang LY, Cervantes-Arias A, Else RW, Argyle DJ (2011) Canine mammary cancer stem cells are radio and chemo-resistant and exhibit an epithelial- mesenchymal transition phenotype. Cancers 3:1744-1762.
PettersenCHH(2012) The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human cancer cells. M.V.Sc. Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine Department of Laboratory Medicine Trondheim.
Pla AF, Grange C, Antoniotti S, Tomatis C, Merlino A, Bussolati B, Munaron L (2008) Arachidonic acid-induced Ca2+ entry is involved in early steps of tumor angiogenesis. Mol Cancer Res 6(4):535-545.
Reddy GBM, Kumar P, Kumar R, Pawaiya RVS, Ravindran R (2009)Histopathologicalclassifcationandincidence of canine mammarytumours. Indian J VetPathol 33:152-155.
Rose DP, Connolly JM, Meschter CL (1991) Effect of dietary fat on human breast cancer growth and lung metastasis in nude mice. J Natl Cancer I83(20):1491-1495.
Rose DP, Connolly JM, Rayburn J, Coleman M (1995) Influence of diets containing eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acid on growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells in nude mice. J Natl Cancer I87(8):587-592.
Rose DP, Connolly JM, Coleman, M (1996) Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on the progression of metastases after the surgical excision of human breast cancer cell solid tumors growing in nude mice. Clin Cancer Res 2:1751-1756.
Rose DP(1997) Effects of dietary fatty acids on breast and prostate cancers: evidence from in vitro experiments and animal studies. Am J ClinNutr66(6):1513-1522.
Sasaki T, Kobayashi Y, Shimizu J, Wada M, In’nami S, Kanke Y, Toshichika T(1998) Effects of dietary n3 to n6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio on mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Nutr Cancer30(2):137-143.
Simon D, Schoenrock D, Baumgartner W, Nolte I (2006) Postoperative adjuvant treatment of invasive malignant mammary gland tumors in dogs with doxorubicin and docetaxel. J Vet Intern Med20:1184-1190.
Simonsen N, Veer PVT, Strain JJ, Martin-Moreno JM, Huttunen JK, Navajas JFC, Blaise CM, Michael T, Kardinaal AFM, Frans JK, Lenore K (1998) Adipose tissue omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid content and breast cancer in the EURAMIC study. Am J Epidemiol 147(4):342-352.
Simopoulos AP (1991) Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development. Am J Clin Nutr 54:438-463.
Simopoulos AP (1999) Genetic variation and evolutionary aspects of diet. In: Antioxidants in Nutrition and Health, Papas A (Ed),CRC Press, Boca Raton: pp65-88.
Solanas M, Grau L, Moral R, Vela E, Escrich R, Escrih E (2010) Dietary olive oil and corn oil differentially affect experimental breast cancer through distinct modulation of the p21Ras signaling and the proliferation-apoptosis balance. Carcinogenesis 31:871-879.
Sonnenschein EG, Glickman LT, Goldschmidt MH, McKee LJ (1991) Body conformation, diet, and risk of breast cancer in pet dogs: a case-control study. Am J Epidemiol, 133(7):694-703.
Söderhjelm L (1962) Influence of pyridoxine and dietary fat on the distribution of serum fatty acids in dogs. J Nutr 78(4):438-444.
Ward OP, Singh A (2005) Omega-3/6 Fatty Acids: Alternative Sources of Production, Process Biochem40:3627-3652.
Wirfalt E, Mattisson I, Gullberg B, Johansson U, Olsson H, Berglund G (2002) Postmenopausal breast cancer is associated with high intakes of ω6 fatty acids (Sweden). Cancer Causes Control 13(10): 883-893.
Yang T, Fang S, Zhang HX, Xu LX, Zhang ZQ, Yuan KT, Xue CL, Yu HL, Zhang S, Li YF, Shi HP, Zhang Y (2013) M-3 PUFAs have anti proliferative and apoptotic effects on human colorectal cancer stem-like cells in vitro. J Nutr Biochem 24:744-753.
Yang B, Ren XL, Fu YQ, Gao JL, Li D (2014) Ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFAs and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of 274135 adult females from 11 independent prospective studies. BMC Cancer14(1):105.
Zatsick NM, Mayket P(2007) Fish oil. Getting to the hearth of it. J Nurse Pract 3(2):104-109.
Zhu Z, Jiang W, McGinley JN, Prokopczyk B, Richie JP, El Bayoumy K, Manni A, Thompson HJ (2011). Mammary gland density predicts the cancer inhibitory activity of the N-3 to N-6 ratio of dietary fat. Cancer Prev Res 4(10):1675-1685.