Inclusion of Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Standard or Omega-3 Fatty Acids Enriched Laying Hens Diets: Effects on Performance, Egg Quality Parameters, Fatty Acid Composition and Individual Carotenoids Concentration of Egg Yolk
Abstract
The effects of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) inclusion to standard or omega-3 fatty acids enriched laying hens’ diets, on performance, egg quality parameters, fatty acids and individual carotenoids of egg yolk was investigated. The dietary treatments were designed as: standard (S) diet, 50 mg/kg L plus 50 mg/kg Z (S+L/Z (50+50)) or 100 mg/kg lutein plus 100 mg/kg zeaxanthin (S+L/Z (100+100)) added to S diet, Omega-3 fatty acids enriched (OM3) diet, 50 mg/kg lutein plus 50 mg/kg zeaxanthin (OM3+L/Z (50+50) or 100 mg/kg lutein plus 100 mg/kg zeaxanthin (OM3+L/Z (100+100)) added to OM3 diet. Hens with a mean live weight of 1525.88 ± 31.19 g were divided into six treatment groups. During the experimental period, there was not any mortality rate recorded. Dietary inclusion of L/Z (50+50 or 100+100) either in S or OM3 diets did not alter performance parameters. Eggs from hens fed enriched diet (OM3) significantly increased (P<0.05) the albumen index and Haugh unit. The type of dietary fat source (F), equal dose of L/Z or F×L/Z on egg yolk lutein, unknown carotenoids and total carotenoid concentration were found to be significant. However, the F on zeaxanthin concentration was not significant (P>0.05). The yolk color a* value was significantly increased by inclusion of L/Z (50+50 or 100+100) to diets (S or OM3) (P<0.05) and this was correlated with increased (P<0.05) concentration of individual carotenoids. The major changes in egg yolk fatty acid MUFA and PUFA composition occurred when laying hen fed with OM3 diet.
Key words: Egg yolk, omega-3, carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanth
Article Details
- Come citare
-
Basmacıoğlu Malayoğlu, H., Aktaş, B., Karataş, F., & Özdemir, P. (2024). Inclusion of Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Standard or Omega-3 Fatty Acids Enriched Laying Hens Diets: Effects on Performance, Egg Quality Parameters, Fatty Acid Composition and Individual Carotenoids Concentration of Egg Yolk. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 75(2), 7551–7562. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.35240
- Fascicolo
- V. 75 N. 2 (2024)
- Sezione
- Research Articles
Questo lavoro è fornito con la licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale 4.0 Internazionale.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
· Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
· Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
· Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (preferably in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Downloads
I dati di download non sono ancora disponibili.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Alagawany M, Elnesr SS, Farag MR, Abd El-Hack ME, Khafaga A, Taha
AE, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Khurana SK, Dhama K (2019)
Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in poultry nutrition: Effect on production performance and health. Animals 9(8):573.
Alay T, Karadas F (2017) The effects of carotenoids in quail breeder diets
on egg yolk pigmentation and breeder performance. Acta Agric Scand
A Anim Sci 66(4):206-214.
Al-Daraji HJ, Razuki WM, Al-Hayani WK, Al-Hassani AS (2010) Effect of dietary linseed on egg quality of laying quail. Int J Poult Sci
(6):584-90.
Andersen CJ (2015) Bioactive egg components and inflammation. Nutrients 7(9):7889-7913.
AOAC (1990) Official methods of analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Arlington, Virginia, USA.
Basmacıoğlu H, Çabuk M, Ünal K, Özkan K, Akkan S, Yalçın H (2003)
Effects of dietary oil and flaxseed on cholesterol and fatty acid composition of egg yolk and blood parameters of laying hens. S Afr J
Anim Sci 33(4):266-273.
Berkhoff J, Alvarado-Gilis C, Keim JP, Alcalde JA, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E,
Gandarillas M (2020) Consumer preferences and sensory characteristics of egg from family farms. Poult Sci 99(11):6239-6246.
Bligh GE, Dyer JW (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and
purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 37(8):912-917.
Failla ML, Chitchumronchokchai C, Ferruzzi MG, Goltz SR (2014)
Unsaturated fatty acids promote bioaccessibility and basolateral secretion of carotenoids and a-tocopherol by caco-2 cells. Food Funct
(6):1101-1112.
Fiedor J, Burda K (2014) Potential role of carotenoids as antioxidants in
human health and disease. Nutrients 4(6):466- 488.
Fraeye I, Bruneel C, Lemahieu C, Buyse J, Muylaert K, Foubert I (2012)
Dietary enrichment of eggs with omega-3 fatty acids: A review. Int
Food Res J 48(2):961-969.
Galobart JA, Barroeta C, Baucells MO, Codony R, Ternes W (2001) Effect of dietary supplementation with rosemary extract and α-tocopherol acetate on lipid oxidation in eggs enriched with omega-3 fatty
acids. Poult Sci 80(4):460- 476.
Gleize B, Tourniaire F, Depezay L, Bott R, Nowicki M, Albino L, Lairon
D, Kesse-Guyot E, Galan P, Hercberg S, Borel P (2013) Effect of type
of TAG fatty acids on lutein and zeaxanthin bioavailability. Br J Nutr
(1):1-10.
Goltz SR, Campbell WW, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Failla ML, Feruzzi
MG (2012) Metal triacylglycerol profile modulates postprandial absorption of carotenoids in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 56(6):866-
Granado F, Olmedilla B, Gil-Martinez E, Blanco I (1998) Lutein ester
in serum after lutein supplementation in human subjects. Br J Nutr
(5): 445-449.
Grobas S, Mendez J, Lazaro R, De Blas C, Mateo GG (2001) Influence of
source and percentage of fat added to diet on performance and fatty
acid composition of egg yolks of two strains of laying hens. Poult Sci
(8):1171-1179.
Hasin BM, Ferdaus AJM, Islam MA, Uddin MJ, Islam MS (2006) Marigold and orange skin as egg yolk color promoting agents. Int J Poult
Sci 5(10):979-987.
Haugh, R. R. (1937). The Haugh unit for measuring egg quality. United
States Egg and Poultry Magazine, 43(1): 522-555.
Hu X, Jandacek RJ, White WS (2000) Intestinal absorption of beta-carotene ingested with a meal rich in sunflower oil or beef tallow: postprandial appearance in triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in women.
Am J Clin Nutr 71(5):1170-1180.
Karadas F, Erdoğan S, Kor D, Oto G, Uluman M (2016) The effects of different types of antioxidants (Se, Vitamin E and Carotenoids) in broiler diets on the growth performance, skin pigmentation and liver and
plasma antioxidant concentration. Braz J Poult Sci 18(1):101-116.
Kljak K, Carović-Stanko K, Kos I, Janječić Z, Kiš G, Duvnjak M, Safner
T, Bedeković D (2021) Plant carotenoids as pigment sources in laying
hen diets: Effect on yolk color, carotenoid content, oxidative stability
and sensory properties of eggs. Foods 10(4): 721.
Kralik G, Škrtić Z, Suchý P, Straková E, Gajčević Z (2008) Feeding fish
oil and linseed oil to laying hens to increase the n-3 PUFA of egg
yolk. Acta Vet Brno 77(4):561-568.
Kralik Z, Kralik G, Koševi´c M, Galovi´c O, Samardži´c M (2023) Natural multi-enriched eggs with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, selenium, vitamin E, and lutein. Animals 13(2):321.
Leeson S, Caston L (2004) Enrichment of eggs with lutein. Poult Sci
(10):1709-1712.
Leeson S, Caston L, Namkung H (2007) Effect of dietary lutein and flax
on performance, egg composition and liver status of laying hens. Can
J Anim Sci 87(3):365-372.
Leeson S, Summers JD (2005) Commercial Poultry Nutrition. Published
by Univeristy Books, Guelph, Ontario, 3rd edition.
Li H, Jin L, Wu F, Thacker P, Li X, You J, Wang X, Liu S, Li S, Xu Y
(2012) Effect of red pepper (Capsicum frutescens) powder or red pepper pigment on the performance and egg yolk color of laying hens.
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 25(11):1605-1610.
Loetscher Y, Kreuzer M, Messikommer RE (2013) Utility of nettle (Urtica
dioica) in layer diets as a natural yellow colorant for egg yolk. Anim
Feed Sci Technol 186(3-4):158-168.
Lu J, Wang K, Qu L, Dou T, Tong H, Li, S (2013) Effects of marigold extract on laying performance, egg quality and yolk cholesterol content
in suqin green-shelled laying hens. Chin J Clin Nutr 25(9):2067-2073.
Mares J (2016) Lutein and zeaxanthin isomers in eye health and disease.
Annu Rev Nutr 36: 571-602.
Mares-Perlman JA, Millen AE, Ficek TL, Hankinson SE (2022) The body
of evidence to support a protective role for lutein and zeaxanthin in
delaying chronic disease. overview. J Nutr 132(3):518-524.
Mashurabad PC, Kondaiah P, Palika R, Ghosh S, Nair MK, Raghu P
(2016) Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits intestinal b-carotene absorption by downregulation of lipid transporter expression via PPAR-a
dependent mechanism. Arch Biochem Biophys 590:118-124.
Merhan O (2017) Biochemistry and antioxidant properties of carotenoids.
In: Cvetkovic, D (editor). Carotenoids, Intech Open Book Series,
London, United Kingdom, Chapter 5. pp 51- 66.
Naumann C, Bassler R (1993) Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln VDLUFA-Verlag, Darmstadt.
Niu Z, Fu J, Gao Y, Liu F (2008) Influence of paprika extract supplement
on egg quality of laying hens fed wheat-based diet. Int J Poult Sci
(9):887-889.
NRC (1994) Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th ed., Washington, DC,
National Academic Science.
Panaite TD, Nour V, Saracila M, Turcu RP, Untea AE, Vlaicu PA (2021)
Effects of linseed meal and carotenoids from different sources on egg
characteristics, yolk fatty acid and carotenoid profile and lipid peroxidation. Foods 10(6):1246-1267.
Papadopoulos GA, Chalvatzi S, Kopecký J, Arsenos G, Fortomaris PD
(2019) Effects of dietary content of the egg yolk in laying hens during
the early laying period. Br Poult Sci 60(4):431-438.
Pirgozliev VR, Whiting IM, Kljak K, Mansbridge SC, Atanasov AG, Rose
SP, Enchev SB (2022) Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) improves carotenoid content in eggs when fed to laying hens. Foods 11(10):1418.
Pitarque FM, Kang HK, Kil DY (2019) Lutein-enriched egg production
for laying hens. World’s Poult Sci 75(4):633-645.
Promila NK, Jyoti S, Rakesh V, Rakesh K (2017) Influence of linseed oil
supplementation on production in laying hens. Int J Pure Appl Biosci
(5):1322-1328.
Rajput N, Naeem M, Ali S, Rui Y, Tian W (2012) Effect of dietary supplementation of marigold pigment on immunity, skin and meat color, and
growth performance of broiler chickens. Braz J Poult Sci 14(4):233-
Saleh AA, Gawish E, Mahmoud SF, Amber K, Awad W, Alzawqari MH,
Shukry M, Abdel-Moneim AME (2021) Effect of natural and chemical colorant supplementation on performance, egg-quality characteristics, yolk fatty-acid profile, and blood constituents in laying hens.
Sustainability 13(8):4503.
Sawerdakar PS (2023) Review article on the role of lutein on aged-related
macular degeneration (AMD). International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences 10(2): 52-58.
Scheideler SE, Jaroni D, Froning GW (1998) Strain and age effects on
egg composition from hens fed diet rich in n-3 fatty acids. Poult Sci
(2):192-196.
Selvaraj RK, Cherian G (2004) Changes in delayed type hypersensitivity,
egg antibody content and immune cell fatty acid composition of layer
birds fed conjugated linoleic acid, n-6 or n-3 fatty acids. Can J Anim
Sci 84(2):221-228.
Shi H, Deng X, Ji X, Liu N, Cai H (2023) Sources, dynamics in vivo, and
application of astaxanthin and lutein in laying hens: A review. Animal
Nutrition 13:324-333.
Sirri FN, Iaffaldano N, Minelli G, Meluzzi A, Rosato MP, Franchini A
(2007) Comparative pigmentation efficiency of high dietay levels of
apo-ester and marigold extract on quality traits of whole liquid egg of
two strains of laying hens. J Appl Poult Res 16(3):429- 437.
Skřivan M, Englmaierová E, Skřivanová E, Bubancová I (2015) Increase
in lutein and zeaxanthin content in the eggs of hens fed marigold
flower extract. Czech J Anim Sci 60(3):89-96.
Souza JG, Costa FGP, Queiroga RCRE, Silva JHV, Schuler ARP, Goulart
CC (2008) Fatty acid profile of eggs of semi-heavy layers fed feeds
containing linseed oil. Braz J Poult Sci 10(1):37-44.
Steinberg W, Grashorn MA, Klünter AM, Schierle J (2000) Comparative
pigmentation efficacy of two products containing either apo-ester or
Tagetes extracts in egg yolks and liquid eggs. Arch für Geflugelkunde
(4):180-187.
Tapiero H, Townsend DM, Tew KD (2004) The role of carotenoids in the
prevention of human pathologies. Biomed Pharmacother 58(2):100-
Tudor C, Pintea A (2020) A Brief overview of dietary zeaxanthin occurrence and bioaccessibility. Molecules 25(18): 4067.
Wu YB, Li L, Wen ZG, Yan HJ, Yang PL, Tang J, Xie M, Hou SS (2019)
Dual functions of eicosapentaenoic acid-rich microalgae: enrichment
of yolk with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and partial replacement
for soybean meal in diet of laying hens. Poult Sci 98(1):350-357.
Yunitasari F, Jayanegara A, Ulupi N (2023) Performance, egg quality, and
immunity of laying hens due to natural carotenoid supplementation: A
meta-analysis. Food Science of Animal Resources 43(2): 282.
Zaheer K (2017) Hen egg carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) and nutritional impacts on human health: a review. CYTA-Journal of Food
(3):474-487.
Zhang W, Zhang KY, Ding XM, Bai SP, Hernandez JM, Yao B, Zhu Q
(2011) Influence of canthaxanthin on broiler breeder reproduction,
chick quality, and performance. Poult Sci 90(7):1516-1522
